Review on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of titanium implant: The role of niobium alloying element

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farrahnoor ◽  
Hussain Zuhailawati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Low Modulus

Abstract Biomedical titanium alloys with elastic moduli close to that of cortical bone have gained great attention in the field of bone implantation. A low modulus is desirable in an implant to prevent stress shielding, which usually leads to critical clinical issues, such as bone resorption and implant loosening. The use of β-type titanium with nontoxic alloying elements, such as niobium, as a novel candidate of implant material for replacing failed hard tissues has shown great potential. This review describes a titanium implant application alloyed with niobium and the mechanical properties and bioactivity of various titanium alloys sintered at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Second-generation Titanium alloys Ti-15Mo and Ti-13Nb-13Zr: A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties for Implant Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Florian Brunke ◽  
Carsten Siemers ◽  
Joachim Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Bone Degradation ◽  
First Choice

Due to their outstanding mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility titanium and titanium alloys are the first choice for medical engineering products. Alloys currently used for implant applications are Ti-6Al-4V (ELI) and Ti-6Al-7Nb. Both alloys belong to the class of (α+β)-alloys and contain aluminium as an alloying element. Aluminium is cytotoxic and can cause breast cancer. In addition, the stiffness of (α+β)-alloys is relatively high which can lead to stress shielding, bone degradation and implant loss. For this reason, second-generation titanium alloys like Ti-15Mo (solute-lean metastable β-alloy) and Ti-13Nb-13Zr (β-rich (α+β)-alloy) have been developed. However, their application in medical implants is limited due to a relatively low strength. Therefore, in the present study, the mechanical properties of Ti-15Mo and Ti-13Nb-13Zr have been optimised by thermomechanical treatments to achieve high strengths combined with low stiffnesses. Different phase compositions have been used, namely, α-, β- and ω-phase in Ti-15Mo and α-, β- and αʺ-phase in Ti-13Nb-13Zr. For Ti-15Mo, the required mechanical properties’ combination could not be achieved whereas Ti-13Nb-13Zr showed high strength and a low Young’s modulus after a dedicated thermo-mechanical treatment. This makes the latter alloy a good option for replacing the (α+β)-alloys in implant applications in the future.

Mechanical Compatability of Nanostructured Titanium with Human Bone

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cao ◽  
X.N. Zhang ◽  
D. L. Zhang ◽  
Brian Gabbitas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Devices And Instruments

With their very low density, excellent biocompatibility, and good mechanochemical properties, titanium alloys have been considered a high-end material for making biomedical devices and instruments. However, they still have some substantial challenges to be overcome. One major problem, which eventually leads to revision surgery, is the implant loosening- a result of tissue migration, formation of wear debris, insufficient interface bonding between bone and implant, and stress shielding. Nanosized features in the material have the potential to provide a solution to these problems. A nanostructured surface is able to not only promote tissue ingrowth, but also increase the surface hardness and therefore improving the wear resistance and enhancing fatigue strength. This paper reports our recent work on how surface treatment on titanium alloys changes their mechanical properties. The mechanism by which the surface nanostructuring alters mechanical properties has also been discussed.

Microstructures and Elastic Moduli of Binary Titanium Alloys Containing Biocompatible Alloying Elements

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2291-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hi Won Jeong ◽  
Seung Eon Kim ◽  
Yong Taek Hyun ◽  
Yont Tai Lee ◽  
Joong Kuen Park
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Pulse Echo

New titanium alloys with a low elastic modulus have been developed for biomedical applications to avoid the stress shielding effect of an artificial prosthesis. The newly developed alloys contained the transition elements like Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta which were non-cytotoxicity elements and β stabilizers. In the present paper the elastic moduli of Ti-xM containing Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta were evaluated by measuring the velocity of supersonic wave (Pulse Echo Overlap). The effectiveness of the alloying elements for lowering the elastic modulus was investigated. In addition, the dominant factors for the low modulus were discussed. Ta was the most effective in lowering the elastic modulus of the alloys. The effectiveness of Hf was not acceptable for decreasing the elastic modulus. The dominant factor was the lattice parameter for Zr, and the poisson's ratio for Nb, Ta, respectively, in lowering the elastic modulus of Ti.

scholarly journals Reaction of Unalloyed and Cr-Mo Alloyed Steels with Nitrogen from the Sintering Atmosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dlapka ◽  
Christian Gierl-Mayer ◽  
Raquel de Oro Calderon ◽  
Herbert Danninger ◽  
Sven Bengtsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Sintering Atmosphere ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Nitrogen is usually regarded as an inert sintering atmosphere for PM steels; however, this cannot be taken for granted in particular for steels alloyed with nitride forming elements. Among those elements, chromium has become more and more important as an alloying element in sintered low alloy structural steels in the last decade due to the moderate alloying cost and the excellent mechanical properties obtainable, in particular when sinter hardening is applied. The high affinity of Cr to oxygen and the possible ways to overcome related problems have been the subject of numerous studies, while the fact that chromium is also a fairly strong nitride forming element has largely been neglected at least for low alloy steel grades, although frequently used materials like steels from Cr and Cr-Mo prealloyed powders are commonly sintered in atmospheres consisting mainly of nitrogen. In the present study, nitrogen pickup during sintering at different temperatures and for varying times has been studied for Cr-Mo prealloyed steel grades as well as for unalloyed carbon steel. Also the effect of the cooling rate and its influence on the properties, of the microstructure and the composition have been investigated. It showed that the main nitrogen uptake occurs not during isothermal sintering but rather during cooling. It could be demonstrated that a critical temperature range exists within which the investigated CrM-based steel is particularly sensitive to nitrogen pickup.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel Nanocomposites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josergio Zaragoza ◽  
Scott Fukuoka ◽  
Marcus Kraus ◽  
James Thomin ◽  
Prashanth Asuri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Maximum Modulus ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Polyacrylamide Hydrogels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrogel Nanocomposites

Over the past few decades, research studies have established that the mechanical properties of hydrogels can be largely impacted by the addition of nanoparticles. However, the exact mechanisms behind such enhancements are not yet fully understood. To further explore the role of nanoparticles on the enhanced mechanical properties of hydrogel nanocomposites, we used chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels incorporating silica nanoparticles as the model system. Rheological measurements indicate that nanoparticle-mediated increases in hydrogel elastic modulus can exceed the maximum modulus that can be obtained through purely chemical crosslinking. Moreover, the data reveal that nanoparticle, monomer, and chemical crosslinker concentrations can all play an important role on the nanoparticle mediated-enhancements in mechanical properties. These results also demonstrate a strong role for pseudo crosslinking facilitated by polymer–particle interactions on the observed enhancements in elastic moduli. Taken together, our work delves into the role of nanoparticles on enhancing hydrogel properties, which is vital to the development of hydrogel nanocomposites with a wide range of specific mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nickel and Tin Additives on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider T. Naeem ◽  
Kahtan S. Mohammed ◽  
Khairel R. Ahmad ◽  
Azmi Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Retrogression And Reaging ◽  
Better Than

The effects of nickel and nickel combined tin additions on mechanical properties and microstructural evolutions of aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloys were investigated. Aluminum alloys containing Ni and Sn additives were homogenized at different temperatures conditions and then aged at 120°C for 24 h (T6) and retrogressed at 180°C for 30 min and then reaged at 120°C for 24 h (RRA). Comparison of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of as-quenched Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni-Sn alloys with that of similar alloys which underwent aging treatment at T6 temper showed that gains in tensile strengths by 385 MPa and 370 MPa were attained, respectively. These improvements are attributed to the precipitation hardening effects of the alloying element within the base alloy and the formation of nickel/tin-rich dispersoid compounds. These intermetallic compounds retard the grain growth, lead to grain refinement, and result in further strengthening effects. The outcomes of the retrogression and reaging processes which were carried on aluminum alloys indicate that the mechanical strength and Vickers hardness have been enhanced much better than under the aging at T6 temper.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallugry (Ti-6Al-4V) with Hot Isostatic Pressing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5637-5642
Author(s):  
M. A. Elfghi ◽  
M. Gunay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Titanium alloys are widely used due to their high performance and low density in comparison with iron-based alloys. Their applications extend to aerospace and military in order to utilize their high resistance for corrosion. Understanding the mechanical properties and microstructure of titanium alloys is critical for performance optimization, as well as their implications on strength, plasticity, and fatigue. Ti-6Al-4V is an α+β two-phase alloy and is considered one of the most commonly used titanium alloys for weight reduction and high-performance. To avoid manufacturing defects, such as porosity and composition segregation, Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is used to consolidate alloy powder. The HIP method is also used to facilitate the manufacturing of complex structures that cannot be made with forging and casting. In the current research, Ti-6Al-4V alloys were manufactured with HIP and the impact on heat treatment under different temperatures and sintering durations on the performance and microstructure of the alloy was studied. The results show changes in mechanical properties and microstructure with the increase of temperature and duration.

scholarly journals Role of Nanoparticle-Polymer Interactions on the Development of Double-Network Hydrogel Nanocomposites with High Mechanical Strength

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chang ◽  
Nasim Babhadiashar ◽  
Emma Barrett-Catton ◽  
Prashanth Asuri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Double Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hydrogel Nanocomposites ◽  
Hydrogel Composites

Extensive experimental and theoretical research over the past several decades has culminated in the understanding of the mechanisms behind nanoparticle-mediated enhancements on the mechanical properties of hydrogels. This information is not only crucial to realizing applications that directly benefit from developing hydrogels with high mechanical strength, but also to guide the development of strategies to further enhance hydrogel properties by combining different approaches. In our study, we investigated the effect of combining two approaches – addition of nanoparticles and crosslinking two different polymers (to create double-network hydrogels) – on the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Our studies revealed that these approaches may be combined to synthesize hydrogel composites with enhanced properties; however, both polymers in the double-network hydrogel must strongly interact with the nanoparticles to fully benefit from the addition of nanoparticles. Moreover, the concentration of hydrogel monomers used for the preparation of the double-network hydrogels had a significant effect on the extent of nanoparticle-mediated enhancements; double-network hydrogel nanocomposites prepared using lower monomer concentrations showed higher enhancements in elastic moduli compared to those prepared using high monomer concentrations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the hypotheses previously developed to understand the role of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of hydrogel nanocomposites may be extended to double-network hydrogel systems and guide the development of next generation hydrogels with extraordinary mechanical properties through a combination of orthogonal approaches.

scholarly journals On the Corrosion Behaviour of Low Modulus Titanium Alloys for Medical Implant Applications: A Review

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzali ◽  
Ghomashchi ◽  
Oskouei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Medical Implant ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

The corrosion behaviour of new generation titanium alloys (β-type with low modulus) for medical implant applications is of paramount importance due to their possible detrimental effects in the human body such as release of toxic metal ions and corrosion products. In spite of remarkable advances in improving the mechanical properties and reducing the elastic modulus, limited studies have been done on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of various types of low modulus titanium alloys including the effect of different beta-stabilizer alloying elements. This development should aim for a good balance between mechanical properties, design features, metallurgical aspects and, importantly, corrosion resistance. In this article, we review several significant factors that can influence the corrosion resistance of new-generation titanium alloys such as fabrication process, body electrolyte properties, mechanical treatments, alloying composition, surface passive layer, and constituent phases. The essential factors and their critical features are discussed. The impact of various amounts of α and β phases in the microstructure, their interactions, and their dissolution rates on the surface passive layer and bulk corrosion behaviour are reviewed and discussed in detail. In addition, the importance of different corrosion types for various medical implant applications is addressed in order to specify the significance of every corrosion phenomenon in medical implants.

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