scholarly journals Protective effect of Cupressus sempervirens extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Islam B. Gad ◽  
Zayenab K. Nasiry
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Plant Leave ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antiulcerogenic Activity

AbstractCupressus sempervirens(C. sempervirens) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is widspread in Northern Africa, Greece, Turkey, North America, Cyprus and Syria. Cupressuflavone is the major ingredient of the plant leave extract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity of the extract ofC. sempervirensleaves in gastric ulcer tissues induced by indomethacin. The results of the present study revealed that indomethacin significantly decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while it increased significantly lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels in gastric tissue. Furthermore, indomethacin decreasedp53expression, while it increased bcl-2 expression in gastric tissue. Pretreatment with 5%, 10% & 20% of the LD50ofC. sempervirensand cupressuflavone of indomethacin-treated rats restored all the above parameters to approach normal values.C. sempervirensat the highest dose was more effective than the two lower doses.C. sempervirensproved more potent than cupressuflavone. In conclusion,C. sempervirensexerted antiulcerogenic activity and the effect was dose-dependent and related to the cupressuflavone ingredient of the plant leave extract.

Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mitra ◽  
Bharati Bhattacharjee ◽  
Palash Kumar Pal ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.

Evaluation of the Laxative activity of Saponin Enriched Hydroethanolic Pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus in Animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitha Vivekanandan ◽  
Roxanne Gekonge Mandere ◽  
Sivakumar Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Laxative Effect ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Efficacious Drug

Background: Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional disorder. The drugs available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects in long term use. So we need of efficacious drug to treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. Traditionally used for the antipruritic, antifertility, constipation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus (HESE) in animal models. Methods: The saponin content in extract was measured by gravimetric analysis. The laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus is evaluated by the weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and loperamide induced constipation model. Results: The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48 % and the extract was found to be 11.92 %. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant laxative activity by using different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to confirm their mechanism behind the laxative effect. The administration of extract was found to be a valid candidate in constipation therapy.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Fungal Appressorium Formation by Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Esterase

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Soon Kim ◽  
Hyun Hwa Lee ◽  
Moon Kyung Ko ◽  
Chae Eun Song ◽  
Cheol-Yong Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Porcine Liver ◽  
Esterase Gene ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dependent Signaling Pathway

A pepper esterase gene (PepEST) that is highly expressed during an incompatible interaction between pepper (Capsicum annuum) and the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been previously cloned. Glutathione-S-transferase-tagged recombinant PepEST protein expressed in Escherichia coli showed substrate specificity for p-nitrophenyl esters. Inoculation of compatible unripe pepper fruits with C. gloeosporioides spores amended with the recombinant protein did not cause anthracnose symptoms on the fruit. The recombinant protein has no fungicidal activity, but it significantly inhibits appressorium formation of the anthracnose fungus in a dose-dependent manner. An esterase from porcine liver also inhibited appressorium formation, and the recombinant protein inhibited appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Inhibition of appressorium formation in M. grisea by the recombinant protein was reversible by treatment with cyclic AMP (cAMP) or 1,16-hexadecanediol. The results suggest that the recombinant protein regulates appressorium formation by modulating the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway in this fungus. Taken together, the PepEST esterase activity can inhibit appressorium formation of C. gloeosporioides, which may result in protection of the unripe fruit against the fungus.

Dose-dependent enhancing effects of quinacrine on induction of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form positive liver cell foci in male F344 rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Imaida ◽  
Junichi Yoshida ◽  
Chikako Uneyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogasawara ◽  
Takayoshi Imazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cell ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Male F344 Rats

scholarly journals Prevention of peptic ulcer by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaf in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Sharmin Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Rezaul Quader ◽  
Md Ismail Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background and objectives: Aegle marmelos (Bael), a medicinal plant, has been widely used indigenously to treat many diseases in Bangladesh and other countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of A. marmelos leaf to prevent ethanol induced gastric ulcer in a rat model.Methods: Thirty two Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 100-150g, were fed 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. marmelos leaves one hour prior to oral administration of 90% ethanol (1 ml/200 gm body weight) to induce gastric ulcer. The animals were sacrificed after one hour and ulcer scores and index were determined. The protective efficacy of A. marmelos aqueous extract was expressed as percentage protection of ulcer.Results: Aqueous extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) dose dependent protection against gastric ulcer formation by ethanol in rat stomach. Percentage protection of ulcer with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of A. marmelos leave were 19.3% and 37.2% respectively compared to standard anti-peptic ulcer drug omeprazole (50.4%).Conclusion: Thus, crude extracts of A. marmelos leave have been shown to have potential ability to prevent experimentally induced peptic ulcer formation in animal model.IMC J Med Sci 2018; 12(1): 11-14

scholarly journals Evaluation of a poly-herbal preparation for the treatment of peptic ulcer

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Zaman Hayat ◽  
Mueen Ahmad Chaudhry ◽  
. Alamgeer
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
High K ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gross Examination

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to validate the traditional uses of ulcerene, a poly-herbal formulation in ethanol, aspirin and stress-induced gastric ulcer model of rat. The extent of gastric ulcer formation was studied, using ulcer score, ulcer index, percentage cure through gross examination and histopathological evaluation. A significant (p&lt;0.001) dose-dependent anti-ulcerant effect was observed in ulcerene (50 and 100 mg/kg)-treated group with highest effectiveness against ethanol-induced ulcer. The concentration-dependent spasmolytic effect was seen in spontaneously contracting, high K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM) and carbachol (1 µM)-induced jejunum contractions (10, 0.3 and 1 mg/mL), similar to dicyclomine (10, 1 and 3 µM), indicated non-specific spasmolytic mechanism behind the effect. By considering these results, ulcerene can be suggested for the treatment of peptic ulcer.</p>

scholarly journals Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Zeng ◽  
Lingbing Wu ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Yueli Yun ◽  
Yu Peng
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Tea is one of the most economically important crops in China. However, the tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua), a serious leaf-feeding pest, causes significant damage to tea crops and reduces tea yield and quality. Spiders are the most dominant predatory enemies in the tea plantation ecosystem, which makes them potentially useful biological control agents of E. obliqua. These highlight the need for alternative pest control measures. Our previous studies have shown that tea saponin (TS) exerts insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests. Here, we investigate whether TS represents a potentially new alternative insecticide with no harm to spiders. Methods We investigated laboratory bioactivities and the field control properties of TS solution against E. obliqua. (i) A leaf-dip bioassay was used to evaluate the toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae and effects of TS on the activities of enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) and peroxidase (POD) of 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae in the laboratory. (ii) Topical application was used to measure the toxicity of 30% TS (w/v) and two chemical insecticides (10% bifenthrin EC and 50% diafenthiuron SC) to two species of spider, Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria. (iii) Field trials were used to investigate the controlling efficacy of 30% TS against E. obliqua larvae and to classify the effect of TS to spiders in the tea plantation. Results The toxicity of TS to 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner and the LC50 was 164.32 mg/mL. Activities of the detoxifying-related enzymes, GST and POD, increased in 3rd-instar E. obliqua larvae, whereas AChE and CES were inhibited with time by treatment with TS. Mortalities of E. tricuspidata and E. albaria after 48 h with 30% TS treatment (16.67% and 20%, respectively) were significantly lower than those with 10% bifenthrin EC (80% and 73.33%, respectively) and 50% diafenthiuron EC (43.33% and 36.67%, respectively). The highest controlling efficacy of 30% TS was 77.02% at 5 d after treatment, which showed no difference to 10% bifenthrin EC or 50% diafenthiuron SC. 30% TS was placed in the class N (harmless or slightly harmful) of IOBC (International Organization of Biological Control) categories for natural enemies, namely spiders. Conclusions Our results indicate that TS is a botanical insecticide that has a good controlling efficacy in E. obliqua larvae, which suggests it has promise as application in the integrated pest management (IPM) envisaged for tea crops.

scholarly journals Endogenous Neuropeptide Nocistatin Is a Direct Agonist of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASIC1, ASIC2 and ASIC3)

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Osmakov ◽  
Sergey G. Koshelev ◽  
Igor A. Ivanov ◽  
Yaroslav A. Andreev ◽  
Sergey A. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gated Ion Channels

Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) channels belong to the family of ligand-gated ion channels known as acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channels. Only a few activators of ASICs are known. These are exogenous and endogenous molecules that cause a persistent, slowly desensitized current, different from an acid-induced current. Here we describe a novel endogenous agonist of ASICs—peptide nocistatin produced by neuronal cells and neutrophils as a part of prepronociceptin precursor protein. The rat nocistatin evoked currents in X. laevis oocytes expressing rat ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 that were very similar in kinetic parameters to the proton-gated response. Detailed characterization of nocistatin action on rASIC1a revealed a proton-like dose-dependence of activation, which was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in the sensitivity of the channel to the protons. The toxin mambalgin-2, antagonist of ASIC1a, inhibited nocistatin-induced current, therefore the close similarity of mechanisms for ASIC1a activation by peptide and protons could be suggested. Thus, nocistatin is the first endogenous direct agonist of ASICs. This data could give a key to understanding ASICs activation regulation in the nervous system and also could be used to develop new drugs to treat pathological processes associated with ASICs activation, such as neurodegeneration, inflammation, and pain.

Hyperpolarizing effect of aminophylline, theophylline, and cAMP on rat diaphragm fibers

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Delbono ◽  
B. A. Kotsias
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
K Permeability

We studied the effect of aminophylline and theophylline (0.1–2 mM) on the resting membrane potential (Vm) of rat diaphragm fibers in vitro (25 degrees C). The main findings are the following. 1) Aminophylline and theophylline hyperpolarize the fibers in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is present with 0.1 and 0.25 mM of aminophylline and theophylline, respectively, and the maximum effect is reached with 1 mM of the drug (approximately 5–8 mV in comparison to the normal values). This effect is reversible by washing out the preparation with normal solution. 2) Dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP, 2 mM) produces a similar increment in the Vm. 3) The hyperpolarizing action observed in the presence of aminophylline, theophylline, and DBcAMP is suppressed by 5 X 10(-4) M ouabain or by lowering the bath temperature to 5 degrees C. These results suggest that the xanthines may directly or indirectly stimulate a Na-K pump. Two possibilities may be considered: 1) an electrogenic effect of the Na-K pump and 2) a reduction in the extracellular K+ concentration in the solution contacting the external side of the cell as a consequence of the activity of the Na-K pump. Alternative mechanisms such as a reduction in Na permeability or an increment in K permeability might collaborate in the hyperpolarizing effect of the drugs tested.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDAL, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF NICOTIANA PLUMBAGINIFOLIA VIV. (SOLANACEAE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Prashith Kekuda Tr ◽  
Raghavendra Hl ◽  
Rajesh Mr ◽  
Avinash Hc
Keyword(s):  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Dose Dependent

  Objectives: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. belongs to the family Solanaceae. The present study was carried out to determine insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiradical activity of aerial parts of N. plumbaginifolia.Methods: Extraction was carried out by maceration process using methanol. Insecticidal activity was assessed, in terms of larvicidal effect, against II and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against a panel of 7 bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. Antiradical activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays.Results: The extract was found to cause dose-dependent mortality of larvae of A. aegypti. The lethal concentration 50 value of extract for II and IV instar larvae was found to be 0.41 and 0.99 mg/ml, respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting all bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria displayed marked susceptibility when compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were susceptible to highest and least extent, respectively. Extract scavenged both DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals dose dependently. Extract scavenged ABTS radicals more efficiently (inhibitory concentration [IC50] value 13.51 μg/ml) when compared to DPPH radicals (IC50 value 17.43 μg/ml).Conclusions: The plant N. plumbaginifolia appears to be a promising resource for developing agents with insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiradical activity. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals which are to be isolated, characterized, and subjected for bioactivity determinations. The plant can be used to prevent arboviral diseases, infectious diseases, and oxidative damage.

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