Garcinia kola seeds may prevent cognitive and motor dysfunctions in a type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model partly by mitigating neuroinflammation
AbstractBackgroundWe reported recently that extracts of seeds ofMethodsRats made diabetic by single injection of streptozotocin were treated daily with either vehicle solution (diabetic control group), insulin, orResultsHyperglycemia (209.26 %), body weight loss (–12.37 %), and T1DM-like cognitive and motor dysfunctions revealed behavioral tests in diabetic control animals were not observed in insulin and extract-treated animals. Similar, expressions of inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF), iba1 (CD68), and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as decreases of neuronal density in regions involved in cognitive and motor functions (–49.56 % motor cortex, –33.24 % medial septal nucleus, –41.8 % /–37.34 % cerebellar Purkinje /granular cell layers) were observed in diabetic controls but not in animals treated with insulin orConclusionsOur results indicate that T1DM-like functional alterations are mediated, at least partly, by neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in this model. The prevention of the development of such alterations by early treatment with