Intuitive and mindful eating to improve physiological health parameters: a short narrative review of intervention studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Hayashi ◽  
Giada Benasi ◽  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Brooke Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Mindful Eating

Abstract Objectives This brief narrative review aims to give an up-to-date overview of intuitive and mindful eating (I/ME) interventions with specific focus on cardiometabolic risk factors, including glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Content I/ME intervention studies in adults which measured at least one physiological parameter other than weight were identified from PubMed. The clinical trial/randomized controlled trial filters and publication dates 2001 through April 2021 with variations of the following keywords were applied: intuitive eating, mindful eating, weight neutral. Ten articles were identified. Summary/Outlook Of the 10 studies, seven showed I/ME interventions were more effective than control in at least one cardiometabolic outcome, two showed significant I/ME within-group improvements but no between-group differences, and one showed neither within-group nor between-group differences. Specifically, I/ME improved glucose levels among pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes, lipid profile among adults with overweight or obesity, blood pressure among participants with overweight and inflammatory markers among post-menopausal women with obesity. However, the positive impact of I/ME on each of these cardiometabolic parameters was not consistent across studies: of the six studies that examined glucose regulation, two demonstrated positive outcomes for I/ME group, whereas four found no effect compared to control. Three out of five studies had positive lipid effects, one out of five demonstrated systolic blood pressure (SBP) improvements and one of two showed improvements in inflammatory markers. Given these mixed results, more research is needed to understand the possible effectiveness of I/ME to improve cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Blood Orange Juice Consumption Increases Flow-Mediated Dilation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2287-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Gemma K Lyall ◽  
J Alberto Martinez-Blazquez ◽  
Fernando Vallejo ◽  
Francisco A Tomas-Barberan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Blood Orange

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse association between citrus fruit consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There is, however, a paucity of data concerning effects of blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Objectives We examined short-term effects of BOJ on endothelial function, blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in healthy participants of European origin who were overweight or obese. Methods In a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial, 15 men and women (age: 28.7 ± 6.5 y; BMI: 28.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2) consumed BOJ or a sugar-matched control drink (CD) (200 mL twice daily) for 2 wk with a washout period of 1 wk. Endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (primary outcome), and the secondary outcomes blood pressure, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, markers of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and urinary flavanone metabolites were evaluated prior to and at the end of each treatment period following an overnight fast. Changes between treatments over time were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results The results demonstrate a significant increase in FMD following BOJ consumption (pre: 8.15% ± 2.92%; post: 10.2% ± 3.31%; P = 0.002) compared with CD (pre: 8.11% ± 2.52%; post: 7.77% ± 2.43%; time × treatment interaction: P = 0.001). Concurrent significant increases in urinary hesperetin-3′-glucuronide and hesperetin-7-glucuronide were observed following BOJ supplementation only (time × treatment interaction: P ≤ 0.01). Baseline blood pressure, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and endothelin-1 were generally within healthy ranges and unaffected by the intervention. Conclusions A 2-wk consumption of BOJ exerted favorable effects on endothelial function in healthy women and men who were overweight or obese, which is likely mediated by the combined actions of anthocyanin and flavanone metabolites on mechanisms that contribute to enhancing NO bioavailability. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03611114.

scholarly journals A new potential mode of cardiorenal protection of KLOTHO gene variability in type 1 diabetic adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-962
Author(s):  
Bartosz Słomiński ◽  
Monika Ryba-Stanisławowska ◽  
Maria Skrzypkowska ◽  
Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska ◽  
Małgorzata Myśliwiec
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Gene Variability

Abstract As the KL-VS haplotype alters secretion and activity of KLOTHO and uric acid (UA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, their mutual links may contribute to microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, we hypothesize that KL-VS polymorphism could be associated with the prevalence of MA in T1D patients, and KL-VS polymorphism could modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA. We have examined 350 patients with T1D. The analysis concerned KL-VS polymorphism along with the concentrations of serum inflammatory markers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. The incidence of KL-VS genotype was lower in a group with MA in comparison to patients without this condition. Moreover, KL-VS carriers had improved indicators of renal function, lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory markers. Simultaneously, among KL-VS carriers serum UA was negatively correlated with HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, ACR, CRP, TNF-α, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides, and positively correlated with HDL-C. Moreover, among wild-type KLOTHO carriers serum, UA was in positive correlation with creatinine, blood pressure, IL-12 and MCP-1, and in negative correlation with IL-10 and eGFR. Findings of our study suggest that the functional KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with MA and the KL-VS genotype protects from the development of MA, and KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA by altering the levels of HbA1c, inflammatory biomarkers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Key messages • We analyzed the KL-VS polymorphism and the UA serum level in patients with T1D. • The KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with microalbuminuria. • The KL-VS alleles protect from the development of microalbuminuria. • KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid.

Interval Training with Different Intensities in Overweight/Obese Adolescent Females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal Abassi ◽  
Nejmeddine Ouerghi ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Ghazi Racil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Obese Adolescent

AbstractTo compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) on hematological and inflammatory markers in youth females, 38 overweight/obese females (16.4±1.0 yrs.) were randomly assigned to HIIT (2×6–8 repetitions of 30 s at 100–110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), MIIT (2×6–8 repetitions of 30 s at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), and a control group (CG, no intervention; n=12). Body composition, blood pressure, maximal heart rate, hematological and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) markers were assessed in all groups before and following the training program. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect for body composition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), MAS, maximal heart rate, and CRP. Within-group analyses for the HIIT and MIIT groups showed significant improvements in body mass (P=0.009 and P=0.025, respectively), BMI Z-score (P=0.011 and P=0.028, respectively), and MAS (P<0.001 and P=0.011, respectively). The HIIT program showed a significant decrease in body fat (P=0.002), waist circumference (P=0.002), maximal heart rate (P=0.003), SBP (P=0.001), and plasma CRP (P=0.004). In both groups, no significant changes were observed in ESR and hematological markers after intervention. No variable changed in CG. HIIT was the effective method to manage cardiometabolic health and inflammatory disorders in obese youth.

scholarly journals Spillover Effects of a Family-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention on Parental Nutrient Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1233-1233
Author(s):  
Nirupa Matthan ◽  
Kathryn Barger ◽  
Judith Wylie-Rosett ◽  
Xiaonan Xue ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Family Based

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of a family-based weight management intervention for children with overweight/obesity on parental nutrient biomarker concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). Methods Secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. Families were recruited from a largely Hispanic population and assigned to either Standard Care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations) or Standard Care + Enhanced Program (SC + EP; eight skill-building cores, subsequent monthly support sessions, targeted diet/physical activity strategies). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids and fat soluble vitamins; red blood cell [RBC] fatty acid profiles) and CMRF (BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory markers and adipokine concentrations) were measured in archived samples collected from the parents at baseline and at the end of the 1-year intervention. Results Parents of children in both groups (SC = 106; SC + EP = 99) had significantly lower total SFA (−3%) and trans fatty acid (−14%), and higher MUFA (2%), PUFAn-6 (2%), PUFAn-3 (7%) and beta-carotene (20%) concentrations, indicative of decreased partially-hydrogenated fat and increased vegetable oil, fish and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. In both groups, there were significant reductions in inflammatory markers (hsCRP [−21%], TNFα [−19%] and IL-6 [−19%]), but not in BMI, blood pressure or lipid profile. Parents with children assigned to the SC + EP group had additional improvements in serum insulin (−6%) and leptin (−1.3%) concentrations. Using multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, group, baseline BMI, and baseline CMRF values, improvements in circulating inflammatory and glucose metabolism markers, and adipokine concentrations were associated with higher carotenoid and PUFAn-3 (specifically 20:5n-3), and lower SFA and trans fatty acid concentrations, at the end of the 1-year intervention. Conclusions These results suggest that a family-based childhood obesity intervention can spill over to parents, resulting in apparent healthier dietary shifts that are associated with modest improvements in some CMRF. Funding Sources NIH, NIDDK, USDA.

scholarly journals Ineffective Feeding Practices and Their Effect on Malocclusion: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima R. Mokashi ◽  
Srikala Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Nutritive Sucking

Abstract Objective The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the association of ineffective feeding practices with the development of malocclusion in children and the role of a pediatric dentist in identifying the cues and signs of improper feeds, and encourage effective breastfeeding practices. Introduction There has been an ongoing debate on the role of effective breastfeeding in the prevention of malocclusion. Although no specific claim supports the positive impact of the same, a detailed reviewing of the literature helps to identify the method of feeding to be chosen considering health benefits and personal preference. Materials and Methods A broad search of all resources linked to the topic was performed in PubMed, Medline, World Health Organization web site, government web sites, and Google Scholar search engine. Keywords used in the search included breastfeeding, ineffective breastfeeding, bottle feeding, pacifier, and malocclusion. A total of 60 articles published in the period from 2000 to 2019 were segregated. Selected articles comprised original research, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews. Results Parameters such as duration, posture, and non-nutritive sucking habits had an impact on effective breastfeeding. Discussion Effective breastfeeding and maintaining appropriate posture and duration helps to positively impact the normal growth and development of the jaws, muscular functioning, and speech. Thereby, the risk of developing malocclusion in primary dentition can be prevented. Conclusion An understanding of the role of breastfeeding and malocclusion will help in the early intervention and prevention of malocclusion and deviated muscular function. Highlighting the role of counseling and effective feeding practices is also an area that should be focused upon by budding clinicians.

Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bazyar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Sirous Saradar ◽  
Delsa Mombaini ◽  
Mohammad Allivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Deep Learning Techniques for Arterial Blood Pressure Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annunziata Paviglianiti ◽  
Vincenzo Randazzo ◽  
Stefano Villata ◽  
Giansalvo Cirrincione ◽  
Eros Pasero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Learning Techniques

AbstractContinuous vital signal monitoring is becoming more relevant in preventing diseases that afflict a large part of the world’s population; for this reason, healthcare equipment should be easy to wear and simple to use. Non-intrusive and non-invasive detection methods are a basic requirement for wearable medical devices, especially when these are used in sports applications or by the elderly for self-monitoring. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) is an essential physiological parameter for health monitoring. Most blood pressure measurement devices determine the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure through the inflation and the deflation of a cuff. This technique is uncomfortable for the user and may result in anxiety, and consequently affect the blood pressure and its measurement. The purpose of this paper is the continuous measurement of the ABP through a cuffless, non-intrusive approach. The approach of this paper is based on deep learning techniques where several neural networks are used to infer ABP, starting from photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The ABP was predicted first by utilizing only PPG and then by using both PPG and ECG. Convolutional neural networks (ResNet and WaveNet) and recurrent neural networks (LSTM) were compared and analyzed for the regression task. Results show that the use of the ECG has resulted in improved performance for every proposed configuration. The best performing configuration was obtained with a ResNet followed by three LSTM layers: this led to a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.118 mmHg on and 2.228 mmHg on systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. The results comply with the American National Standards of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. ECG, PPG, and ABP measurements were extracted from the MIMIC database, which contains clinical signal data reflecting real measurements. The results were validated on a custom dataset created at Neuronica Lab, Politecnico di Torino.

scholarly journals Encephalopathy with progression to posterior reversible encephalopathy pattern in a patient with COVID-19: clinical, imaging findings and follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e241240
Author(s):  
Ali Kerro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Neurological conditions are being more recognised in patients with COVID-19, with encephalopathy being the most prevalent problem. Posterior reversible encephalopathy is suspected to occur due to elevated blood pressure and overproduction of inflammatory markers, both of which have been reported in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Encephalopathy was the main presentation in this case, without respiratory dysfunction initially, and with imaging findings indicative of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as an aetiology. Follow-up imaging showed resolution of the abnormal results with mental status returning to baseline upon discharge.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

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