scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Sprawl Dynamics Using Geospatial Technology in Ranchi City, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmad ◽  
Laxmi Goparaju
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Status ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The City

Abstract The availability of remote sensing satellite data at various spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions provides enormous opportunity to map the urban sprawl. When coupled with Geographic Information System (GIS) it is possible to evaluate, analyse and integrate large data. We need to understand and quantify the urban sprawl on spatial and temporal scales which forms a basis for better planning and sustainable management of cities and towns. The city of Ranchi has witnessed unprecedented urban growth after assuming the status of a capital of Jharkhand state, India in 2000. The increasing population has put pressure on the natural resources of the city. The urban growth has been in a haphazard manner at the cost of agricultural lands, forest land and open green spaces such as park, garden and recreational forestry. The present study analysed the urban sprawl in Ranchi city, using Landsat data from 1976, 2002 and 2015. The study revealed that the annual urban growth rate was 1.76 ha/yr over the period from 1976 to 2002 whereas the annual growth rate was 2 ha/yr over the period from 2002 to 2015. The northern side of the city has witnessed more expansion in 2002 when compared with the growth in 1976. Increase in urban density was seen at the distances of 3, 4,5,6,7 and 8km between 1976 and 2015 and the rate was higher than 25%.The driving factors of the development were infrastructure, educational and business expansion. Thus, spatial analyses of urban sprawl are a prerequisite for curbing the unplanned urban growth and ensure sustainable living.

scholarly journals Impacts of Urban Sprawl on Livability in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Nuhu H. Tini ◽  
Bartholomew Joshua Light
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The City

Urban sprawl is a global phenomenon in the contemporary era. It is mostly taking place in the less developed countries due to natural increase and consistent movement of people into the mega cities and large urban centers. The phenomenon has globally gained attention from diverse researchers in the field of urban geography, environmental studies, city and region planning in view of its significant influence on the urban environment. However, the effect of sprawl on urban livability and economy in Nigerian cities is scarcely investigated especially in Northern Nigeria. This research explores the social and economic effects of urban sprawl in Kaduna metropolis. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Technologies were applied for the analysis. The study found that Kaduna metropolis has experienced a progressive increase in the built-up area; in 2006 it had an aerial coverage of 13,980 hectares, a rise of 107.91% from 2001 aerial coverage of 6724 hectares. In 2012, the city had an aerial coverage of 15,808 hectares, an increase of 13.08% from 2006. Conversely, there has been a remarkable decrease in percentage of vegetation (1,458 hectares) and agricultural (11,739 hectares) land areas. In turn, such changes has adversely affected urban facilities or utilities such as pipe-borne water, electricity, health facilities, schools, security, transportation, wastewater infrastructures and fire safety services, which has become overstressed. Economic crisis has manifested in the rise of unemployment and escalating number of urban poor. Residential land use has encroached into open spaces while commercial activities overrun residential areas. Increase in distance and journey time make travel cost unbearable to the common man. These and social fragmentation retard livability in the city. Thus calls for a balance sustainable development in Kaduna metropolis and effective management of urban growth by the Kaduna Capital Development Board Authority. In due course, smart growth policy, growth management, urban containment, effective land use planning and public facility adequacy have been recommended to foster viable urban growth in Kaduna city and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Exploring Annual Urban Expansions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: Spatiotemporal Features and Driving Factors in 1986–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Le Yu ◽  
Xuecao Li ◽  
Chenchen Zhang ◽  
Tiezhu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Bay Area

The Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China is one of the largest bay areas in the world. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of urban expansions in this region are poorly understood. Here we used the annual remote sensing images, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and geographical detector method to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in the GBA and investigate their driving factors during 1986–2017 on regional and city scales. The results showed that: the GBA experienced an unprecedented urban expansion over the past 32 years. The total urban area expanded from 652.74 km2 to 8137.09 km2 from 1986 to 2017 (approximately 13 times). The annual growth rate during 1986–2017 was 8.20% and the annual growth rate from 1986 to 1990 was the highest (16.89%). Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan, and Shenzhen experienced the highest urban expansion rate, with the annual increase of urban areas in 51.51, 45.54, 36.76, and 23.26 km2 y−1, respectively, during 1986–2017. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), income, road length, and population were the most important driving factors of the urban expansions in the GBA. We also found the driving factors of the urban expansions varied with spatial and temporal scales, suggesting the general understanding from the regional level may not reveal detailed urban dynamics. Detailed urban management and planning policies should be made considering the spatial and internal heterogeneity. These findings can enhance the comprehensive understanding of this bay area and help policymakers to promote sustainable development in the future.

The Status and Prospects of Energy in China to 2005

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
Zhou Feng Qi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Oil Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
World Ranking

China's principal indigenous energy resources are: coal 800 billion tonne, hydroelectricity potential 680 GW, petroleum 60-80 billion tonne and large reserves of natural gas. Modernization of the country since 1949 has resulted in a 10% annual growth rate in the production of fossil fuels and hydroelectricity to make China third in a world ranking (912 Mtce in 1987). Forecasts for consumption in the next century are based on quadrupling industrial and agricultural production. Total demand is expected to be as high as 1450 Mtce. Coal will remain the chief source and by then nuclear is expected to contribute. Offshore oil development is receiving much attention and foreign partners are sought for its development.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Calculating Individual Indicators of Tourism Activity

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Vasyl Kyfyak ◽  
Olexander Kyfyak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Travel Services ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
The City

Abstract The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches for calculating the quantity of given characteristic features and accompanying tourist services and goods purchased by tourists, to determine the number of tourists visiting a city and forecasting the volume of travel services for the future. Solutions to the tasks set out in the article have been carried out with the help of both general academic and specialist research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, expert evaluation and extrapolation. Using the example of the city of Chernivtsi (Ukraine) the number of tourists visiting the city has been determined, the volume of services rendered and the average annual growth rate of tourism service implementation over the last five years has been calculated contributing to forecasting the volume of service delivery for the future.

scholarly journals URBAN SPRAWL PATTERN AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON THEM: THE CASE OF URMIA CITY, IRAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal MOHAMMADI ◽  
Asghar ZARABI ◽  
Omid MOBARAK
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Substitution Process ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
The City

Urban sprawl has become a remarkable characteristic of urban development worldwide in the last decades. Urban sprawl refers to the extent of urbanization, which is a global phenomenon mainly driven by population growth and large scale migration. In developing countries like Iran, urban sprawl is taking its toll on the natural resources at an alarming pace. The purpose of this paper is to study urban growth and effective factors on them in the city of Urmia, Iran. We used quantitive data of the study area from the period between 1989 and 2007, and population censuses of Urmia. To measure the model of urban growth, Holderness and Shannon’s entropy were employed. The Urmia case is interesting for several reasons: first, it is a case of very fast urban growth even for a developing country; second, it illustrates how the fastest rates of urban sprawl may correspond to middle size cities rather than to large centers. Third, it portrays a land substitution process in which agricultural land is not the primary provider of urban land which is relatively rare in urban contexts, and fourth, it also illustrates how urban sprawl may also hide important internal land uses such as the presence of agricultural plots within urban boundaries.

scholarly journals Strategic spatial analysis of urban greenbelt plans in Mashhad city, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Kardani-Yazd ◽  
Nadia Kardani-Yazd ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Urban Containment ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
The Status ◽  
Geographical Boundary ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
Containment Policy ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Greenbelt, known as the most restrictive form of urban containment policy, is a geographical boundary around a city or urban region to prevent urban sprawl. In the present study, the urban greenbelt plans were investigated with spatial, temporal, and statistical attitudes in Mashhad city, Iran. Spatial and temporal data analyses were carried out in ENVI, and GIS programs based on satellite imageries in addition to the expert analyzes of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix) matrixes to achieve the key strategies concerning the revitalization of a new greenbelt plan. Results Four temporal sequences of Landsat imageries were extracted for 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 to classify the expansion of real estates and urban sprawl. The results showed that the legal greenbelt plan failed after 10 years because the status of greenbelt in 2018 revealed nearly of occupation by sprawl expansion over than 20%. Then a new greenbelt plan was proposed around the city. Based on the lowest value of the environmental change index (ΔYi), with an average of 0.14, the proposed greenbelt plan will demonstrate an optimum efficiency in the future time intervals (2030–2050). Conclusions Therefore, expert analyzes of SWOT and QSPM matrixes were shown that the essential weakness of greenbelt planning in the Mashhad city depends on the lack of a legal mechanism to conserve the greenbelt boundaries. Therefore, the total sum score of external factor’s matrix with the value of 2.65 demonstrated that the opportunities for greenbelt planning in the study area are more effective than threats in the study area. Ultimately, six key strategies in greenbelt planning were presented to achieve a general equilibrium through future urban development.

scholarly journals From development authorities to democratic institutions: Studies in planning and management transition in the Karachi Metropolitan Region

1970 ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Noman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Federal Revenue ◽  
The City

Karachi is a relatively young metropolis. The city is about three centuries old, founded as a port by local Hindu merchants and traders. The British conquered the city in 1839, occupied the entire principality of Sindh in 1843 and designated Karachi as headquarters of the territory. The city experienced different phases of growth. When Pakistan came into being in 1947, a large number of refugees entered the city and the population jumped from 435,000 in 1947 to 1,050,000 in 1951. Karachi has remained the primate city of Pakistan, with a high annual growth rate of 5-7 percent per annum (Ahmed 1998). Current estimates suggest that the city has about 17 million inhabitants.Karachi houses 7 per cent of the total population and 23 per cent of the urban population of Pakistan. Its current rate of growth is estimated at around 5 per cent, of which 3 per cent is due to natural increase and 2 per cent to migration from the other parts of the country. Karachi provides 25 per cent of federal revenue and 15 per cent of Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP). In addition, 50 per cent of the country’s bank deposits and 72 per cent of all issued capital is contributed by the city (Hasan 2010; CDGK 2008). It houses the country’s largest stock market and about 26 per cent of the total national industrial establishments.

Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Changes in the Post-Genocide Period, Kigali, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
pp. 097542532199797
Author(s):  
Gilbert Nduwayezu ◽  
Vincent Manirakiza ◽  
Leon Mugabe ◽  
Josephine Mwongeli Malonza
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Open Land ◽  
The City

Kigali is a rapidly growing city, as exemplified by the phenomenal increase of its inhabitants from 358,200 in 1996 to 1,630,657 in 2017. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of detailed analytical information about the processes and factors driving unprecedented urban growth in the period following the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi (1994) and its impact on the natural environment. This article, therefore, analyses the growth of the city of Kigali with respect to its post-genocide spatial and demographic dimensions. The methodology involves a quantification of urban growth over the period of the last 30 years using remote-sensing imagery coupled with demographic data drawn from different sources. The analysis of land cover trends shows how significant the pressure of urban expansion has been on the natural environment, with a 14 per cent decrease in open land between 1999 and 2018. Spatially, the average annual growth rate was almost 10.24 per cent during the same period. This growth is associated with the building of a large number of institutions, schools and industries. Moreover, the increase in low-income residents led to the construction of bungalows expanding on large suburbs and the development of new sub-centres in the periphery instead of high-rise apartments.

"Assessment of global halal market : challenges and opportunities"

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Hafiz Wasim Akram ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Secondary Research ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of the burgeoning global halal market, challenges it faces, and opportunities available for stakeholders. The study is based on primary and secondary research, and found that the US$2.1trillion halal market is projected to reach US $3 trillion by the end of 2023 at a compound annual growth rate of 6.11 per cent. The present market size will more than double if Islamic financing is brought under the ambit of the halal market. Though the uncharted territory has a lot of potential to be tapped, it is also afflicted with multifaceted challenges such asa lack of global consensus (ijama).It is recommended that a harmonized system (HS)code-like mechanism be adopted to capture trade figures of products that conform to halal principles.

Veii

Classics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City

The ancient city of Veii (in Italian, Veio) lies seventeen kilometers northwest of Rome and occupies a plateau of approximately 350 hectares, bounded by the rivers Valchetta (ancient Cremera) on the north and east and Piodoro on the west and south. The city had ample water and was naturally defensible, but sections of tufa walls remain, indicating that it was also fortified. Several major roads crossed the city and led toward other centers, such as Rome, Cerveteri, Tarquinia, Vulci, and Capena, via fortified gates. Impressive Etruscan-made drainage tunnels (cuniculi) flank and traverse the plateau. There is sporadic evidence of late Bronze Age settlements in the area, but it was during the Villanovan period, 9th and 8th centuries bce, that villages appeared on the plateau and on the citadel of Piazza d’Armi. A significant growth in population during the late 8th and 7th centuries bce resulted in urbanization. The strength and wealth of the city reached their peak in the 6th century bce, but by the late 5th century bce, conflicts with Rome weakened Veii, and it was finally taken after a ten-year siege in 396 bce by M. Fulvius Camillus. The triumph was sealed by the transfer of the principal cult of Juno Regina to Rome. Although Veii declined sharply after the Roman victory, some of the old popular sanctuaries continued to be frequented by the local population. In 2 bce the status of municipium was conferred on Veii by Augustus. By this time the city was falling into decay, although a small part of the Etruscan site continued to be inhabited, as evidenced by architectural fragments, sculptures (including one of Tiberius now in the Vatican Museum), and inscriptions. Once considered the richest city of the Etruscan League, Veii declined and was abandoned by the end of the 4th century ce. The plateau today is covered by fields, trees, and remnants of ancient structures. Principal among these is the archaeological site of the extra-urban Portonaccio Sanctuary. Etruscan necropolises and a few Roman tombs surround the city. Archaeological surveys continue to yield results such as the 2006 discovery of the early-7th-century Tomb of the Roaring Lions in the Grotta Gramiccia necropolis. In 1997, the Regional National Park of Veii (37,030 acres) was established to ensure the protection of the ancient city and its surroundings from the ravages of urban sprawl and illegal construction.

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