scholarly journals Lack of Association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism and Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage in Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Basil Al-Mukaynizi ◽  
Afrah AlKhuriji ◽  
Zaineb Babay ◽  
Mohammad Addar ◽  
Sooad AlDaihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Meta Analyses

Summary Background: An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with recurrent miscarriage (RM) in several populations. We initiated this study to determine the association, if any, between the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and RM in Saudi females. Method: This study was conducted on 61 Saudi females suffering from RM (mean age: 34.1±6.2 years; range 15–45) attending clinics at King Khalid University Hospital, and 59 age matched females who had at least 2 children, as controls. Blood samples were drawn in EDTA tubes by venipuncture. DNA was extracted using the Puregene DNA purification kits. Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene was investigated by amplifying the genomic DNA by PCR using gene-specific primers. A single 190 bp or 490 bp band was obtained in the homozygous cases for the D allele or I allele, respectively, while the presence of both 190 and 490 bp bands indicated heterozygosity (ID). Statistical analysis: Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was determined (http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl). A standard chi-square (χ2) test was used for comparing the genotype and allele frequencies in the two groups and Students‘t’ test and χ2 test were employed to compare values between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The frequencies of DD, ID, and II genotypes were 56.7%, 29.5% and 4.9%, respectively, in females with RM and 54.2%, 42.3% and 3.3% respectively in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In some populations, meta-analyses showed an association between I/D polymorphism and RM risk, and the D allele was implicated as an increased risk factor for RM. However, this association was not apparent in the Saudi females.

scholarly journals Why Is COVID-19 More Severe in Patients With Diabetes? The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Endothelial Dysfunction and the Immunoinflammatory System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Roberts ◽  
Antonia L. Pritchard ◽  
Andrew T. Treweeke ◽  
Adriano G. Rossi ◽  
Nicole Brace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Meta-analyses have indicated that individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of suffering a severe form of COVID-19 and have a higher mortality rate than the non-diabetic population. Patients with diabetes have chronic, low-level systemic inflammation, which results in global cellular dysfunction underlying the wide variety of symptoms associated with the disease, including an increased risk of respiratory infection. While the increased severity of COVID-19 amongst patients with diabetes is not yet fully understood, the common features associated with both diseases are dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. An additional key player in COVID-19 is the enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is essential for adhesion and uptake of virus into cells prior to replication. Changes to the expression of ACE2 in diabetes have been documented, but they vary across different organs and the importance of such changes on COVID-19 severity are still under investigation. This review will examine and summarise existing data on how immune and inflammatory processes interplay with the pathogenesis of COVID-19, with a particular focus on the impacts that diabetes, endothelial dysfunction and the expression dynamics of ACE2 have on the disease severity.

scholarly journals Distribution of DD Genotype of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Its Correlation with Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Ali-Bahar ◽  
Maysam Mard-Soltani ◽  
Yousef Paridar ◽  
Zahra Nasirbaghban ◽  
Zahra Sadat Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
And Control

Background: One of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic retinopathy (DR). Studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are correlated with DR progression. Accordingly, the elucidation of the association between ACE gene polymorphism and the risk of DR development seems to be highly crucial. Methods: In this study, 195 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were classified as the case group with retinopathy (99 people) and control group without retinopathy (96 people). Screening for DR was performed by ophthalmologists using clinical examination and fluorescein angiography. Different ACE genotypes (II, ID, and DD) were identified by the collection of blood samples, extraction of DNA, and PCR amplification using specific primers. Results: The frequency distribution of genotypes was significantly different between the case and control groups (P = 0.009). Interestingly, possessing a DD genotype made diabetic patients approximately 2.5 folds (95% CI = 1.271 - 4.840, P = 0.007) and 3.25 folds (95% CI = 1.312 - 8.051, P = 0.01) more susceptible to DR when compared to having DI and II genotypes, respectively. Moreover, having a D allele made diabetic individuals nearly 1.75 folds (95% CI = 1.167 - 2.623, P = 0.007) more susceptible to DR than possessing an I allele. Conclusions: Our results potentiate the hypothesis that the DD genotype and D allele of the ACE gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of DR.

scholarly journals Human Ace D/I Polymorphism Could Affect the Clinicobiological Course of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elifcan Aladag ◽  
Zahit Tas ◽  
Bilgesu Safak Ozdemir ◽  
Tayfun Hilmi Akbaba ◽  
Meltem Gulsun Akpınar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly worldwide since December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has a great affinity for the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, which is an essential element of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study is aimed at assessing the impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphisms, on the susceptibility and clinical outcomes of the COVID-19 immunoinflammatory syndrome. Patients and Methods. A total of 112 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 and 15 May 2020 were enrolled in the study. ACE gene allele frequencies were compared to the previously reported Turkish population comprised of 300 people. Results. The most common genotype in the patients and control group was DI with 53% and II with 42%, respectively. The difference in the presence of the D allele between the patient and control groups was statistically significant (67% vs. 42%, respectively, p < 0.0001 ). Severe pneumonia was observed more in patients with DI allele (31%) than DD (8%) and II (0%) ( p = 0.021 ). The mortality rate, time to defervescence, and the hospitalization duration were not different between the genotype groups. Conclusion. Genotype DI of ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with the infectious rate particularly severe pneumonia in this study conducted in the Turkish population. Therefore, ACE D/I polymorphism could affect the clinical course of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Intron 16 Insertion/Deletion and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor A1166C Gene Polymorphisms with Preeclampsia in South East of Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Salimi ◽  
Mojgan Mokhtari ◽  
Minoo Yaghmaei ◽  
Mohammad Jamshidi ◽  
Anoosh Naghavi
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
A1166c Polymorphism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Some evidence suggests that a variety of genetic factors contributed in pathogenesis of the preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and angiotensin II type1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms with preeclampsia. This study was performed in 125 preeclamptic pregnant women and 132 controls. The I/D Polymorphism of the ACE gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction and the A1166C Polymorphism of the AT1R gene was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype and allele frequencies of I/D polymorphism differed between two groups. The risk of preeclampsia was 3.2-fold in pregnant women with D allele (OR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.8];P=0.01). The distribution of the AT1R gene A1166C polymorphism was similar in affected and control groups. Our results supported that presence of the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene is a marker for the increased risk of preeclampsia.

ASSOCIATION OF BDKRB2 AND ACE GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH ERYTHROCYTE ADRENOREACTIVITY IN YOUNG MEN WITH DIFFERENT MOTOR ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
A.Z. Dautova ◽  
E.A. Khazhieva ◽  
V.G. Shamratova ◽  
L.Z. Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Ace Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Physically Inactive

The aim of the paper was to study the association of polymorphic variants of rs4646994 (I/D) of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) and rs5810761 (+9/-9) of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene (BDKRB2) with erythrocyte adrenoreactivity (ARE) in athletes and untrained young men. Materials and Methods. The study involved 61 young men (aged 21–23) with different levels of motor activity (MA). ARE was evaluated according to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) change under adrenaline in vitro at final concentrations 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-9, 10-11, 10-13 g/ml of venous blood. According to the effect observed and ESR shifts under adrenaline, we distinguished 3 ARE types: antiaggregative (AnAg), areactive (Ar) and aggregative (Ar). Results. The results of comparative and correlation analyses demonstrated that young athletes with +9/-9 (BDKRB2) genotype were characterized by a higher aggregative resistance of erythrocytes to the effects of both physiological (<10-9 g/ml) (physiological adrenaline concentration, PAC) and stressful doses (>10-9 g/ml) of adrenaline (stress adrenaline concentration, SAC), as well as by predominance of AnAg and Ar ARE types. In athletes, among the representatives of different genotypes of АСЕ gene I/D polymorphism, the erythrocyte response to adrenaline did not have any statistically significant differences. In physically inactive students, namely individuals with the D/D genotype, maximal ESR deviation under PAC was less than in those with I/D genotype. Conclusion. Athletes with *-9 allele (+9/-9 genotype) in their genotype can be considered more stress-resistant, which is provided by optimal adaptive and compensatory body mechanisms. Apparently, resistance of cells to the adrenaline contributes much to the work of these mechanisms. As for the ACE gene polymorphism, its effect on the suspension characteristics of erythrocytes is less pronounced not only in physically inactive young men, but in athletes as well. Keywords: erythrocyte adrenoreactivity (ARE), stress tolerance, β2 bradykinin receptor gene (BDKRB2), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, motor activity. Цель работы – изучить ассоциацию полиморфных вариантов rs4646994 (I/D) гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АСЕ) и rs5810761 (+9/-9) гена рецептора брадикинина 2 типа (BDKRB2) с адренореактивностью эритроцитов (АРЭ) у спортсменов и юношей, ведущих физически малоактивный образ жизни. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принял участие 61 юноша с разным уровнем двигательной активности (ДА) в возрасте 21–23 лет. Оценку АРЭ проводили по изменению скорости оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ) под действием адреналина in vitro в конечных концентрациях 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-11, 10-13 г/мл венозной крови. По характеру наблюдаемого эффекта в соответствии с направленностью сдвигов СОЭ в присутствии адреналина мы выделили 3 типа АРЭ: антиагрегационный (АнАг), ареактивный (Ар) и агрегационный (Аг). Результаты. По результатам сравнительного и корреляционного анализа установлено, что юноши-спортсмены с генотипом +9/-9 (BDKRB2) характеризуются более высокой агрегативной устойчивостью эритроцитов к воздействию как физиологических (10-9 г/мл и ниже), так и повышенных (стрессовых) доз (выше 10-8 г/мл крови) адреналина, а также преобладанием АнАг- и Ар-типов АРЭ. У представителей разных генотипов полиморфизма I/D гена АСЕ реакция эритроцитов на адреналин не имела статистически значимых различий в группе спортсменов, тогда как в группе малоактивных студентов у лиц с генотипом D/D максимальное отклонение СОЭ при ФКА было меньше, чем при генотипе I/D. Выводы. Спортсменов, имеющих в своём генотипе аллель *-9 (+9/-9 генотип), можно считать более стрессоустойчивыми, что обеспечивается оптимальными адаптивно-компенсаторными механизмами организма, существенная роль в обеспечении которых, по-видимому, принадлежит устойчивости клеток к действию адреналина. Что касается полиморфизма гена АСЕ, то его влияние на суспензионные характеристики эритроцитов выражено слабее не только у физически малоактивных юношей, но и у спортсменов. Ключевые слова: адренореактивность эритроцитов (АРЭ), стрессоустойчивость, ген рецептора брадикинина β2 (BDKRB2), ген ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АСЕ), двигательная активность.

scholarly journals Relationship of Hydroxychloroquine and Ophthalmic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8154
Author(s):  
Hung-Chih Chen ◽  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Michael Chia-Yen Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsun Wang ◽  
Pui-Ying Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) via the national health insurance research database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. All patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 47,353) in the NHIRD (2000–2012) were enrolled in the study. The case group consists of participants with diabetic ophthalmic complications; 1:1 matching by age (±1 year old), sex, and diagnosis year of diabetes was used to provide an index date for the control group that corresponded to the case group (n = 5550). Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used. Conditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of DR. The total number of HCQ user was 99 patients (1.8%) in the case group and 93 patients (1.7%) in the control group. Patients with hypertension (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.31) and hyperlipidemia (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.52–1.79) significantly increased the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications (p < 0.001). Conversely, the use of HCQ and the presence of rheumatoid diseases did not show any significance in increased risk of DR. HCQ prescription can improve systemic glycemic profile, but it does not decrease the risk of diabetic ophthalmic complications.

scholarly journals The ANGPTL8 rs2278426 (C/T) Polymorphism Is Associated with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in a Han Chinese Population in Hebei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guangsen Hou ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Luping Ren ◽  
Yunpeng Guan ◽  
Xiaoyu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Background. Our aim was to investigate the association between the genetics of the angiopoietin protein-like 8 (ANGPTL8) rs2278426 (C/T) polymorphism with prediabetes (pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a Han Chinese population in Hebei Province, China. Methods. We enrolled 1,460 participants into this case-control study: healthy controls, n = 524; pre-DM, n = 460; and T2DM: n = 460. Ligase assays on blood samples from all participants were used to identify polymorphisms. Differences in genotype and allele distributions were compared by the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance, and a post hoc pairwise analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test. The logistic regression technique was adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results. The frequency of the TT (10.9%) genotype was significantly higher in pre-DM patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.026–2.802, P = 0.039 ). In the T2DM group, the CT (48%) and TT (15%) genotypes were significantly higher compared with those in the control group (CT : OR = 1.384, 95% CI = 1.013–1.890, P = 0.041 ; TT : OR = 2.530, 95% CI = 1.476–4.334, P = 0.001 ). The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in the pre-DM (32.8%) and T2DM (39%) groups compared with the control group (26.9%) and was significantly associated with an increased risk of pre-DM (OR = 1.253, 95% CI = 1.017–1.544, P = 0.034 ) and T2DM (OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.214–1.897, P = 0.001 ). Furthermore, insulin levels in the pre-DM and T2DM groups were significantly decreased in those with the TT genotype compared with the CC and CT genotypes. Conclusion. ANGPTL8 rs2278426 may be involved in the mechanism of insulin secretion and could lead to an increased risk of pre-DM and T2DM.

scholarly journals Elite athletes and the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger R. Taylor ◽  
Cyril D. S. Mamotte ◽  
Kieran Fallon ◽  
Frank M. van Bockxmeer
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Ace Genotype

The deletion (D) allele of the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with higher plasma and tissue levels of the enzyme and has also been related to a variety of cardiovascular complications, particularly myocardial infarction. On the basis of indirect evidence, we hypothesized that inheritance of the D allele would contribute to elite athletic ability. Over a period of 4 yr, 120 Caucasian athletes who were national (Australian) representatives in sports demanding a high level of aerobic fitness were recruited. Their ACE genotypes were compared with those of a community control group recruited randomly from the electoral roll. There was no difference in ACE genotype frequencies between the two groups. The DD genotype frequency was 30% in athletes and 29% in the control group, and the II genotype frequency was 22.5 and 22%, respectively. The results do not exclude the possibility that ACE genotype could be related to some attribute relating to a specific type of elite athletic ability or that there may be a difference between genders. Larger studies are desirable.

scholarly journals Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Al Hoqani ◽  
Wadha Al Ghafri ◽  
Saneya El tayeb ◽  
Yahya Al Farsi ◽  
Vaidyanathan Gowri
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.

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