Benefits of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: involvement of CRP and cortisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Tayebe Baghian ◽  
Behnaz Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Serum Crp

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training, 4 weeks of detraining and use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods Forty-five girls (aged 6–8 years) with precocious puberty were randomly divided into three groups (medication, training and medicine + training groups). Fifteen healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured at baseline by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Then, the experimental groups performed an aerobic training program for 3 days/week 20–75 min per day at 45–75% maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. The medication groups also received GnRHa during the study, once a month (1 mL every 4 weeks) by intramuscular injection. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured again 48 h after the last training session and also after 4 weeks of detraining. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed a significant decrease in CRP (p = 0.02) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) in the training group and the medicine + training group. Detraining led to return of CRP and cortisol levels to the pre-training levels (p = 0.001). No significant difference in serum CRP (p = 0.43) and cortisol levels (p = 0.06) was observed in the medication group. Further, no significant difference was observed between groups in CRP and cortisol. Conclusions Long-term regular moderate training decreases inflammation indices, and detraining eliminates the benefits of training in girls with precocious puberty.

scholarly journals Positive effect of combined exercise on adipokines levels and pubertal signs in overweight and obese girls with central precocious puberty

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Zahra Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The prevalence of precocious puberty is increasing. Obesity has been demonstrated to be associated with changes in the adipokine profile and incidence of early puberty in girls. This study assessed the pubertal signs, the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after 12 weeks of combined exercise and 4 weeks of detraining in overweight and obese girls with precocious puberty. Methods Thirty overweight and obese girls (aged 7–9) with precocious puberty, who had received Triptorelin, were randomly divided into two groups (15 exercise and 15 control). Initially, serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine length, and ovarian volume) were measured. The exercise group performed 60 min of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise three times/week for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive any exercise. 48 h after the last training session and after 4 weeks of detraining, all research variables were measured (also in the control group). The statistical method used for data analysis was repeated measures ANOVA. Results In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased, but resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups, but FSH, LH/FSH and ovarian volume significantly decreased in the exercise group alone (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and the rate of puberty. However, after 4 weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT56471. Registered 25 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://fa.irct.ir/user/profile

scholarly journals What Happens to Adipokines and Cytokine in Overweight and Obese Girls with Central Precocious Puberty When They Exercise and Stop Exercising? A randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Ali Heidarian pour ◽  
Zahra Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background we investigate the levels of adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and signs of puberty progression after 12-weeks of combined exercise and 4-weeks of detraining. Methods Thirty overweight and obese girls (age7-9) with precocious puberty who injected Differlin were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and control). At the beginning, blood samples were obtained from all subjects and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α were measured. Exercise group performed 60minutes of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercises 3 times a week for 12-weeks.Control group did not receive any exercise. 48 hours after the last training session and after four weeks of detraining, blood samples were collected in the second and third stage, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the control group in both steps. BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride, signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine lengths, ovarian volumes), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on all three occasions. Results In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12-weeks. After 4-weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased and resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups but FSH and LH/FSH significantly decreased in exercise group, alone. Conclusion Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and rate of puberty. After 4-weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear. Trial registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39938. Registered 24 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/trialist

scholarly journals Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Course on PI3K and AKT1 Expression and Neural Muscle Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Nadi ◽  
Abdolali Banaeifar ◽  
Sajad Arshadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate eight weeks of aerobic workout on PI3K and AKT expression as well as insulin resistance (IR) of muscle in diabetic rats by nicotinamide - streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was conducted on 14 male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks) with a weight range of 201 to 250 g and induction of type 2 diabetes (one week). These mice were classified into 2 groups: aerobic training and control group. No exercise was given to the control group during the study, while the aerobic exercise program was run for 5 weeks a week with a gradual increase of speed (10 to 25 m / min) and time (15 to 40 minutes) in running treadmill was performed for the aerobic training group. Assay of gene expression in both study groups was by rt-PCR. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19 software was used. The variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA. Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IR in diabetic rats (3.85 (± 0.39) vs. 5.26 (± 0.55); P-value= 0.345). The expression of AKT (2.37 (± 2.33) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.042) and PI3K (2.87 (± 2.54) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.028) in the neural muscle of the training group compared with control group had a significant increase. Conclusion: It seems that performing eight weeks of aerobic exercise could be a strong stimulus for PI3K and AKT gene expression.

scholarly journals Effect of 8-week core training exercises on physical and physiological parameters of female handball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
H. Genc ◽  
A.E. Cigerci ◽  
O. Sever
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Core Training

Urpose: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks core training program on some physiological and physical parameters of handball team’s female players. Material and Methods: Volunteers were separated two groups as CTG (training group) and CG (control group). CTG was applied core strength training 30 min sessions 8 weeks and 3 days per week additionally handball trainings. CG wasn’t applied any core training. Effects of different core training regimes were compared after eight weeks with repeated measures MANOVA for the tests. Results: Neither group demonstrated difference for body composition measurements for repeated test scores and between groups comparisons. Significant difference was found BFP (body fat percentage) parameters on CTG. Sprint, agility, SLJ (standing long jump) scores did not increase in any groups and no difference was found between groups. Significance was found in VJ (vertical jump), back and leg strength, right and left hand grip strength, flexibility, balance parameters on CTG. Also significance was found in all core parameters on CTG. Conclusions: Results indicate that core trainings were very effective on performance based features especially on strength and core stability. So these exercises should be included in the training programs of female handball players.

scholarly journals Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Xia Dai ◽  
Jitao Feng ◽  
Xiaodan Yuan ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Variables

Objective. To examine the effects of resistance training relative to aerobic training on abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic variables in adults with prediabetes. Methods. 105 participants with prediabetes were randomized into the resistance training group (RT, n=35), aerobic training group (AT, n=35), and control group (CG, n=35). The participants completed supervised 12-month exercise; the control group followed the primary lifestyle without exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured by computed tomography (CT). Secondary outcomes were body composition, lipid profile, and metabolic variables. Results. A total of 93 participants completed the study. There were nonsignificant differences between groups before intervention. After training, VAT decreased significantly in AT and RT compared with CG (P=0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). Although no significant difference in SAT was found across groups, SAT decreased significantly over time within each exercise group (all P=0.001). Increase in muscle mass was greater in RT than that in AT and CG (P=0.031 and P=0.045, respectively). Compared with CG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in RT and AT (P=0.003 and P=0.014, respectively). There was a significant difference in the number of prediabetes who converted to diabetes among AT and RT, as compared with the control group (P=0.031 and P=0.011, respectively). No significant differences were observed in lipid, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FI), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β across groups. Conclusion. Both aerobic training and resistance training are effective in reducing abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Importantly, resistance training but not aerobic training is effective in augmenting muscle mass. Trial Registration. The trial is registered with NCT02561377 (date of registration: 24/09/2015).

Auditory training app validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Maia ◽  
V Jesus ◽  
C Mateus ◽  
S Paulo ◽  
L Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Filtered Speech ◽  
Adverse Environments

Abstract Introduction One of the main hearing complaints is the difficulty to perceive speech in noisy environments. This complaint gets worse with ageing at which cognitive processing speed slows and/or when hearing loss is present. An auditory training can improve speech perception in adverse environments. The use of auditory training software on various digital platforms is becoming a reality. Objectives To validate the auditory training app in European Portuguese with individuals aged between 55 and 64 years old with an approximate average of 20dB of hearing thresholds. Methodology The sample consists in two groups of seven individuals without cognitive problems. One of the groups performed eight auditory training sessions with the application for a period of four weeks and the other group (the control group) did not perform any auditory training session. The evaluation was made in all the individuals with the filtered speech test. The training group was evaluated before, immediately after and after four weeks of the auditory training sessions and the control group was evaluated after four weeks. Results Statistically there is a significant difference between before and immediately after the auditory training in the filtered speech test (p = 0.018). Four weeks after the end of the training the performance of each individual was the same. In the control group there were no significant differences between the two evaluation moments. Conclusion The EVOLLU auditory training app promotes an improvement in the perception of the word in adverse environments that continues even after some time. This is a sign that individuals are applying that learning into their day to day living. The Evollu application can and should be used in the auditory training of individuals aged between 55 to 64 years old.

scholarly journals Effect of moderate intensity aerobic training on cardiac autonomic system function and nitric oxide levels in middle-aged males with metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aims: The sedentary lifestyle in individuals with metabolic syndrome is a main threatening risk for their health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise with 65% of maximal oxygen consumption on heart rate variability and vascular nitric oxide levels in middle-aged males with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: In total, 30 middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into control and aerobic training groups. At the pretest and posttest, the values ​​of metabolic risk indices, heart rate variability, and nitric oxide were measured in both groups. The aerobic training group performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. The data were analyzed using the independent and paired t-tests. Results: According to the results, after comparing the values obtained from the posttest and pretest, there was a significant difference between the training and control groups regarding the fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, metabolic Z score, Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), Square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), very-low-frequency (VLF), High frequency (HF), and vascular nitric oxide levels. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly different in the aerobic training group, compared to those of the control group and LF as well as LF/HF at the pretest (P=0.01). However, despite slight changes in high lipoprotein and blood pressure levels, there was no significant difference in the aerobic training group, compared to the control group and pre-test. Conclusion: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can be used as an appropriate exercise protocol to improve cardiovascular function for males with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Improving Perinatology Residents' Skills in Breaking Bad News: A Randomized Intervention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Silvia Setubal ◽  
Maria Ângela Antonio ◽  
Eliana Amaral ◽  
John Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breaking Bad News ◽  
Breaking Bad ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Intervention Study

Objective Breaking bad news (BBN) is particularly difficult in perinatology. Previous research has shown that BBN skills can be learned and improved when taught and practiced. This project evaluated whether a structured training session would enhance perinatology residents' skills in BBN. Methods This was a randomized controlled intervention study with year 1 to 4 Perinatology residents from a medical school in Brazil, during the 2014/15 school year. A total of 61 out of 100 (61%) eligible residents volunteered to a structured training program involving communicating a perinatal loss to a simulated patient (SP) portraying the mother followed by the SP's immediate feedback, both video recorded. Later, residents were randomly assigned to BBN training based on a setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion and summary (SPIKES) strategy with video reviews (intervention) or no training (control group). All residents returned for a second simulation with the same SP blinded to the intervention and portraying a similar case. Residents' performances were then evaluated by the SP with a checklist. The statistical analysis included a repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA). Complementarily, the residents provided their perceptions about the simulation with feedback activities. Results Fifty-eight residents completed the program. The simulations lasted on average 12 minutes, feedback 5 minutes and SPIKES training between 1h and 2h30m. There was no significant difference in the residents' performances according to the SPs' evaluations (p = 0.55). The participants rated the simulation with feedback exercises highly. These educational activities might have offset SPIKES training impact. Conclusion The SPIKES training did not significantly impact the residents' performance. The residents endorsed the simulation with feedback as a useful training modality. Further research is needed to determine which modality is more effective.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdiye Küçük ◽  
Sibel Yıldırım ◽  
Serap Çetiner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Pulp Cells ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Ozonated Water

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.

scholarly journals 12-Week Exercise Training of Knee Joint and Squat Movement Improves Gait Ability in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Myungsoo Choi ◽  
Nayoung Ahn ◽  
Jusik Park ◽  
Kijin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Digitally Controlled

This study analyzed the effects of an exercise training program consisting of a knee joint complex exercise device (leg-link system) with digitally controlled active motion function and squat movement on physical fitness and gait ability of elderly women aged 70 or above. Fifty four (54) elderly women aged 70 or above were divided into three groups as control group (n = 18), aerobic training group (n = 18), and combined training group with resistance and aerobic exercise (n = 18). Health-related physical fitness, gait ability-related physical fitness, and the temporal and spatial parameters of gait ability were compared. The health-related physical fitness after the 12-week training was not significantly altered in control group, whereas combined training group showed significant increase in all factors (p < 0.05) and aerobic training group showed significant increase (p < 0.05) only in the physical efficiency index. The gait ability-related physical fitness and all items of the temporal and spatial parameters of gait were found to have significantly increased (p < 0.05) in combined training group after the 12-week exercise training; however, in aerobic training group, only the factors related to muscular endurance and balance showed significant increase (p < 0.05). This study suggested that the exercise training consisting of knee joint complex exercise with digitally controlled active motion function and squat exercise for strengthening lower extremities and core muscles had positive effects on enhancing the ambulatory competence in elderly women.

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