scholarly journals The analysis of the impact of small retention on water resources in the catchment/ Analiza oddziaływania małej retencji na zasoby wodne zlewni

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Mioduszewski ◽  
Erik P. Querner ◽  
Zbigniew Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Small River ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Small Water ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of selected small water retention measures on surface and groundwater level in river basins. The study was limited to the analysis of measures like small water reservoirs, restoration of bogs and reconstruction of drainage systems in the river valleys. A few study cases were described. Dutch SIMGRO numerical model describing the regional surface water and groundwater flow has been used for simulation modelling of different cases. The result of the study has shown that small retention measures are a good and effective method to increase the ability to retain water in the small river basins. Construction of small water reservoirs and weirs on ditches and creeks and restoration of drained bogs can limit the fast outflow of precipitation and melting water from the catchment. The study has proved that the small water retention measures can be helpful for flood protection and in decreasing of drought threats in small river basins.

Effect of dynamically varying zone-based hedging policies on the operational performance of surface water reservoirs during climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo J. Adeloye ◽  
Bankaru-Swamy Soundharajan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Dynamic Hedging ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Static Hedging ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHedging is universally recognized as a useful operational practice in surface water reservoirs to temporally redistribute water supplies and thereby avoid large, crippling water shortages. When based on the zones of available water in storage, hedging has traditionally involved a static rationing (i.e. supply to demand) ratio. However, given the usual seasonality of reservoir inflows, it is also possible that hedging could be dynamic with seasonally varying rationing ratios. This study examined the effect of static and dynamic hedging policies on the performance of the Pong reservoir in India during a period of climate change. The results show that the reservoir vulnerability was unacceptably high (≥60%) without hedging and that this vulnerability further deteriorated as the catchment became drier due to projected climate change. The time- and volume-based reliabilities were acceptable. The introduction of static hedging drastically reduced the vulnerability to <25%, although the hedging reduction in the water supplied during normal operational conditions was only 17%. Further analyses with dynamic hedging provided only modest improvements in vulnerability. The significance of this study is its demonstration of the effectiveness of hedging in offsetting the impact of water shortages caused by climate change and the fact that static hedging can match more complex dynamic hedging policies.

scholarly journals Nitrogen surface water retention in the Baltic Sea drainage basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 10829-10858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stålnacke ◽  
A. Pengerud ◽  
A. Vassiljev ◽  
E. Smedberg ◽  
C.-M. Mörth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the surface water retention of nitrogen (N) in all the 117 drainage basins to the Baltic Sea with the use of a statistical model (MESAW) for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Our results show that the MESAW model was able to estimate the N load at the river mouth of 88 Baltic Sea rivers, for which we had observed data, with a sufficient degree of precision and accuracy. The estimated retention parameters were also statistically significant. Our results show that around 380 000 t of N are annually retained in surface waters draining to the Baltic Sea. The total annual riverine load from the 117 basins to the Baltic Sea was estimated to 570 000 t of N, giving a total surface water N retention of around 40%. In terms of absolute retention values, three major river basins account for 50% of the total retention in the 117 basins; i.e. around 104 000 t of N is retained in Neva, 55 000 t in Vistula and 32 000 t in Oder. The largest retention was found in river basins with a high percentage of lakes as indicated by a strong relationship between N retention (%) and share of lake area in the river drainage areas. For example in Göta älv, we estimated a total N retention of 72%, whereof 67% of the retention occurred in the lakes of that drainage area (Lake Vänern primarily). The obtained results will hopefully enable the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) to refine the nutrient load targets in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), as well as to better identify cost-efficient measures to reduce nutrient loadings to the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FLASH-FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY IN SMALL RIVER BASINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Dragomir ◽  
Andreea-Violeta Tudorache ◽  
Romulus Costache
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Small River ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Very High

Due to the climate changes occurred in the last decades the frequency and intensity of hydrological risk phenomena are also increasing. The flash-floods are considered the most devastating natural hazards around worldwide. The identification of areas with a high flash-flood potential and also of the valleys with a high potential for flash-flood propagation is mandatory to be included in the flash-flood risk management activity. In this regard the present study proposes a GIS methodology to identify the flash-flood potential along river valleys from small catchments. The analysis carried out into a number of 5 small river basins across Romania revealed that a high percentage of river network is characterized by a high and very high flash-flood potential. The results of the present study can be successfully used in the flash-flood risk management activity and also in the activity of flash-flood forecast and warning.

scholarly journals Nitrogen surface water retention in the Baltic Sea drainage basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 981-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stålnacke ◽  
A. Pengerud ◽  
A. Vassiljev ◽  
E. Smedberg ◽  
C.-M. Mörth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the surface water retention of nitrogen (N) in all the 117 drainage basins to the Baltic Sea with the use of a statistical model (MESAW) for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Our results show that the MESAW model was able to estimate the N load at the river mouth of 88 Baltic Sea rivers, for which we had observed data, with a sufficient degree of precision and accuracy. The estimated retention parameters were also statistically significant. Our results show that around 380 000 t of N are annually retained in surface waters draining to the Baltic Sea. The total annual riverine load from the 117 basins to the Baltic Sea was estimated at 570 000 t of N, giving a total surface water N retention of around 40%. In terms of absolute retention values, three major river basins account for 50% of the total retention in the 117 basins; i.e. around 104 000 t of N are retained in Neva, 55 000 t in Vistula and 32 000 t in Oder. The largest retention was found in river basins with a high percentage of lakes as indicated by a strong relationship between N retention (%) and share of lake area in the river drainage areas. For example in Göta älv, we estimated a total N retention of 72%, whereof 67% of the retention occurred in the lakes of that drainage area (Lake Vänern primarily). The obtained results will hopefully enable the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) to refine the nutrient load targets in the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), as well as to better identify cost-efficient measures to reduce nutrient loadings to the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Splash dams in the Krkonoše Mts: from the history to their possible use

Geografie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Eva Šádková ◽  
Bohumír Janský
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
Runoff Variability

This paper summarizes findings from historical sources and literature dealing with the small water reservoirs (splash dams) in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. Based on old maps and historical records in archives and regional museums, this study describes the original causes and period of origin of the splash dams, and deals with their function and their location in the field. Additionally, this paper focuses on the mechanism of log driving in this area to fully understand the entire organized procedure. Up to twenty-four splash dams, built in the Krkonoše Mts mainly in the second half of the sixteenth century, were traced in historical records. At the end, there were given examples of some localities in relation to the possible idea of the restoration of some former small water reservoirs with an effort to gradually increase water retention capacity, and reduce runoff variability in headstream areas.

scholarly journals The influence of channel network silting up at Žitný Ostrov to range of interaction between surface and groundwater

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Renáta Dulovičová ◽  
Yvetta Velísková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The movement of water resources, especially the possibilities of their regulation by interaction between surface and groundwaters are the subject matter of attention particularly during the occurrence of extreme hydrologic situation. This work presents the overview of knowledge and results which were achieved at IH SAS in this question. It can show the ways how to optimize the adjudicated processes which emerge during the requirement of emergency intervention. The solution of this task was located at the Žitný Ostrov area because this territory with their existence of channel network is suitable for studying the surface and groundwater interaction. The channel network at Žitný Ostrov was built up for drainage and also to safeguard irrigation water. The water level in the whole channel network system has an effect on groundwater level on the Žitný Ostrov and vice versa. It was been necessary to judge the impact of the channel network silting up by bed silts on the interaction between channel network and groundwater on the Žitný Ostrov. The aim was to evaluate the changes of bed silt state of Žitný Ostrov channel network and consecutively their influence on interaction processes between groundwater and surface water along the channels in the period from 1993 to present. The measurements of bed silt thickness in Žitný ostrov channel network had been started from1993, later they continued at selected profiles of three main channels – channel Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky, Chotárny channel and Komárňanský channel (for checking of the silting up variability). From 2008 the detailed field measurements of cross-section profiles aggradations along these selected three channels have been started. The objective of detailed field measurements was the determination of the silt permeability which is expressed by parameter of saturated hydraulic conductivity. This parameter was determined by two ways – as the saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained from disturbed samples of silt Kp and as the saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained from undisturbed samples of silt Kn. In the first case the granularity of silts was determined as a first step and then was computed their Kp from the empirical formulas according Bayer-Schweiger and Spacek. From undisturbed samples of silts which were extracted along the channels from top, middle and bottom layer of silts, were determined the values Kn by the laboratory falling head method. The valid values Kp on channel Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky ranged from 4,33 10-7 to 4,46.10-5 m s-1, on Chotárny channel from 5.98 10-5 to 2.14 10-6 m s-1 and on Komárňanský channel fluctuated from 1.93 10-6 – 6.09 10-5 m s-1. The valid values Kn on on channel Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky ranged from 5.21 10-8 – 4.18 10-3 m s-1 , on Chotárny channel ranged from 8.54 10-8 – 2.70 10-4 m s-1 and on Komárňanský channel fluctuated from 4.72 10-7 – 1.26 10-5 m s-1. The remarkable results were noticed by comparison of values of saturated hydraulic conductivity from disturbed and undisturbed samples Kp and Kn. On Chotárny channel the values of silt saturated hydraulic conductivity from undisturbed samples Kn approximately hundredfold decreased (from 10-6 to 10-8 m s-1). On Komárňanský channel the comparison of values Kp and Kn shown that the values Kn from undisturbed samples approximately tenfold descended against Kp. Simultaneously, the bed silts‘ impact on the groundwater recharge (saturated hydraulic conductivity of silt) was also examined. Determination of the total recharge amount was done by numerical simulation (model SKOKY) and by the so-called method of interaction formulas. These two approaches were applied at the Žitný Ostrov channel network. There were field measurements performed in monitored three main channels and adjacent to obtain correct input data. These characteristics were used for simulation and computation of total recharge along the channels. The total recharge amount was calculated for four alternatives of the surface water levels in the channel and the surroundings groundwater respectively. We chose four simplified variants with the same geological conditions in surroundings area of channels, only water levels of groundwater and in channels were modified. The results of the simulations seem to show greater impact of the silt in the case of outflow from the channels to the surroundings than the inflow into the channel from the surroundings.  

scholarly journals Possibilities of Small Water Reservoir Impact Improvement on Surface Water Quality in Agricultural Landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Michal Kriška Dunajský ◽  
Miroslava Pumprlová Němcová ◽  
Jana Konečná ◽  
Petr Karásek ◽  
Jana Podhrázská
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Impact

In the Czech Republic, a significant amount of agricultural landscape nutrients is swept away by surface washes and leakages to subsoil. Subsequently there is a negative influence on surface water quality, where of course also point sources of pollution participate in. Flowing surface water often becomes stagnant while the certain self‑purifying processes proceed both in the flowing and stagnant waters. It can be simultaneously stated that the self‑purifying process is practically uncontrollable, primarily due to the impact of many entering factors. One of the environmental and technical elements providing quality improvement of water running off a water reservoir is deployment of constructed floating wetlands (CFW). The theoretical background, as well as the laboratory measurements carried out on the test land of the Brno University of Technology in experimental tanks, evidence the significant treatment efficiency of the CFW. Within the research activities, we focused on the general pollution parameters set for surface waters. The first results show that the total phosphorus concentration removal efficiency is 38.8 % after 22 days with employment of the CFW which is a considerably higher value compared to the lysimeter with no CFW where the removal efficiency was only 4.37 %. The results can be large‑scale applied to most of the small water reservoirs situated in the agricultural landscape.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae) as an indicator of ongoing changes in forest habitats due to increased water retention

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9815
Author(s):  
Emilia Ludwiczak ◽  
Mariusz Nietupski ◽  
Agnieszka Kosewska
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Small Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
The Impact

This study, concerning the epigeic fauna of carabid beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae), was conducted in the north-east of Poland, in an area which is part of the Dąbrówka Forest Subdistrict and has been included in the “Small water retention program for the Province of Warmia and Mazury in 2006–2015”. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the water retention implemented within the framework of the above program on assemblages of ground beetles. These insects are highly sensitive to any anthropogenically induced transformations. This analysis was based on the interactions among the analyzed insects caused by changes occurring in their habitat. During the 3-year study, 5,807 specimens representing 84 species were captured. The water storage had a significant influence on the structure of the Carabidae assemblages. Before the earthworks were constructed for the project, the beetle assemblages had comprised a large group of xerophilous species, whereas after the small retention reservoirs had been created, an increase in the contribution of hygrophilous species was noticed. The results indicate that the retention works cause alterations in the water and environmental conditions of the habitats, and thereby effect changes in the composition of Carabidae assemblages. Moreover, modification in water relations within a habitat causes long-term changes in the structural and functional diversity of the beetles.

scholarly journals Human Water Stress in Transboundary River Basins

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Carvalho-Resende
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
The Impact

The Human Water Stress indicator deals with the quantity of water available per person per year relative to the internal and upstream area water supplies, on the premise that the less water available per person, the greater the impact on human development and well-being, and the less water there is available for other sectors. For more information, visit: http://twap-rivers.org/ Basin Stress Supply Surface water Transboundary

Using remotely sensed imagery to estimate potential annual pollutant loads in river basins

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Kazuo Oki ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Taikan Oki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Land cover changes around river basins have caused serious environmental degradation in global surface water areas, in which the direct monitoring and numerical modeling is inherently difficult. Prediction of pollutant loads is therefore crucial to river environmental management under the impact of climate change and intensified human activities. This research analyzed the relationship between land cover types estimated from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery and the potential annual pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. Then an empirical approach, which estimates annual pollutant loads directly from satellite imagery and hydrological data, was investigated. Six water quality indicators were examined, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The pollutant loads of TN, TP, SS, BOD, COD, and DO were then estimated for 30 river basins in Japan. Results show that the proposed simulation technique can be used to predict the pollutant loads of river basins in Japan. These results may be useful in establishing total maximum annual pollutant loads and developing best management strategies for surface water pollution at river basin scale.

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