The Socioeconomic Distribution of Adult Mortality during Conflicts in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien De Walque ◽  
Deon Filmer
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Data Source

AbstractWe analyze socioeconomic differences in adult mortality in four African countries-the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone-using the adult mortality module in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), calculating mortality based on the sibling mortality reports collected from female respondents aged 15-49. We discuss the advantages and potential issues associated with this data source. While mortality events precipitated by those civil conflicts tend to affect all groups, we conclude that they appear to affect men, and in particular urban and more educated men to a greater extent than the other groups.

Global Emergency Legal Responses to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak: Public Health and the Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Leila Barraza ◽  
Gregory Measer ◽  
Asha Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
Current Outbreak

From their relative obscurity over the past three decades, varied strains of Ebola disease have emerged as a substantial global biothreat. The current outbreak of Ebola, beginning in March 2014 in Guinea, is projected to infect tens of thousands of people before being brought under control. Some estimate the outbreak could exceed 100,000 cases and extend another 12-18 months. Ebola’s spread has the potential to extend across the globe, but is concentrated in several African countries (e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria, and Senegal). Collectively, these countries are home to nearly 290 million people. Among Liberia’s population of 4.1 million, over 1,100 people have already died from Ebola in less than 6 months; by comparison, if this same outbreak and death rate occurred in the United States, over 88,000 Americans would perish.

Creative Reconstruction: A Systematic Approach to Reinventing Large Cities in Democratic Republic of Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1485-1497
Author(s):  
Mia Nsokimieno Misilu Eric
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legacy Cities

The current state of large cities in Democratic Republic of Congo highlights the necessity of reinventing cities. More than fifty years after the independence, these major cities, like Kinshasa the capital city, are in a state of are in a state of disrepair. They are damaged, dysfunctional, and more vulnerable. Today, these legacy cities do not meet the international requirements of livable cities. Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of rebuilding its cities for sustainability. The movement for independence of African countries enabled the shift from colonial cities to legacy cities. It is important to understand the cultural and ideological foundations of colonial city. Commonly, colonial cities served as purpose-built settlements for the extraction and transport of mineral resources toward Europe. What's required is a creative reconstruction to achieve a desired successful urban change. Creative reconstruction tends to ensure urban transformation in relation with urbanization, by making continuous and healthy communities. Creative reconstruction seems appropriate way of building back cities in harmony with cultural values. The article provides a framework for urban regeneration. The study is based on principle of thinking globally and acting locally in building back better cities.

scholarly journals Examining sex differences in the completeness of Peruvian CRVS data and adult mortality estimates

Genus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cruz Castanheira ◽  
José Henrique Costa Monteiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mortality Estimates

AbstractThe production, compilation, and publication of death registration records is complex and usually involves many institutions. Assessing available data and the evolution of the completeness of the data compiled based on demographic techniques and other available data sources is of great importance for countries and for having timely and disaggregated mortality estimates. In this paper, we assess whether it is reasonable, based on the available data, to assume that there is a sex difference in the completeness of male and female death records in Peru in the last 30 years. In addition, we assess how the gap may have evolved with time by applying two-census death distribution methods on health-related registries and analyzing the information from the Demographic and Health Surveys and civil registries. Our findings suggest that there is no significant sex difference in the completeness of male and female health-related registries and, consequently, the sex gap currently observed in adult mortality estimates might be overestimated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cost of Production of Fish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (Siluriformes, Clariidae) with Three Types of Food Based on Local Agricultural by-products in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p205
Author(s):  
Victor Pwema Kiamfu ◽  
Alex Mayoni Matondo ◽  
Santos Kavumbu Mutanda ◽  
Clément Munganga Kilingwa ◽  
Nadine Bipendu Muamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 is a catfish with high commercial value in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in several African countries. The breeding of this species is controlled, but Congolese fish farmers are confronted with the problem of a lack of compound feed in the form of granules. The recovery of local agricultural waste would be essential to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of three types of food based on local agricultural by-products on the growth of C. gariepinus. The 25%, 41% and 51% crude protein feed formulas were tested in duplicate for 96 days. Fry averaging 2.20±0.43 g were distributed in 6 closed-loop plastic containers. The fish were fed twice a day by hand. Weighing and measuring took place every 14 days. The results obtained show that the highest final average weight (g) and specific growth rate (%/d) (F = 2.87; p = 0.002) are obtained with food A1: 27.5±1.9 g and 0.25±0.15% /d respectively. It took 812.6 Congolese francs to develop food A1, 942.6 congolese francs to produce the A2 ration and 836.6 congolese francs to produce food A3. The A1 ration is the one that gave a better compromise in price and quality by promoting fish growth at a lower cost (3.827 congolese francs).

Chaetomium funicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Abstract C. funicola is described and illustrated. Information on host range (mainly field and horticultural crops, trees, wood, dung, man and artefacts), geographical distribution (Democratic Republic of Congo; Ethiopia; Ghana; Kenya; Nigeria; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Ontario, Canada); Mexico; California, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Washington DC and West Virginia, USA; Nicaragua; Panama; Brazil; Chile; Uruguay; Venezuela; Fujian and Hongkong, China; India; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Pakistan; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Capital Territory, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia; New Zealand; Dominica; Jamaica; Belgium; France; Great Britain; Romania; Sweden; Ukraine; Mauritius; and USSR, and conservation status is presented.

scholarly journals Developing strategies to attract, retain and support midwives in rural fragile settings: participatory workshops with health system stakeholders in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amuda Baba ◽  
Tim Martineau ◽  
Sally Theobald ◽  
Paluku Sabuni ◽  
Marie Muziakukwa Nobabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Attraction And Retention ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Abstract Background Midwifery plays a vital role in the quality of care as well as rapid and sustained reductions in maternal and newborn mortality. Like most other sub-Saharan African countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo experiences shortages and inequitable distribution of health workers, particularly in rural areas and fragile settings. The aim of this study was to identify strategies that can help to attract, support and retain midwives in the fragile and rural Ituri province. Methods A qualitative participatory research design, through a workshop methodology, was used in this study. Participatory workshops were held in Bunia, Aru and Adja health districts in Ituri Province with provincial, district and facility managers, midwives and nurses, and non-governmental organisation, church medical coordination and nursing school representatives. In these workshops, data on the availability and distribution of midwives as well as their experiences in providing midwifery services were presented and discussed, followed by the development of strategies to attract, retain and support midwives. The workshops were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using NVivo 12. Results The study revealed that participants acknowledged that most of the policies in relation to rural attraction and retention of health workers were not implemented, whilst a few have been partially put in place. Key strategies embedded in the realities of the rural fragile Ituri province were proposed, including organising midwifery training in nursing schools located in rural areas; recruiting students from rural areas; encouraging communities to use health services and thus generate more income; lobbying non-governmental organisations and churches to support the improvement of midwives’ living and working conditions; and integrating traditional birth attendants in health facilities. Contextual solutions were proposed to overcome challenges. Conclusion Midwives are key skilled birth attendants managing maternal and newborn healthcare in rural areas. Ensuring their availability through effective attraction and retention strategies is essential in fragile and rural settings. This participatory approach through a workshop methodology that engages different stakeholders and builds on available data, can promote learning health systems and develop pragmatic strategies for the attraction and retention of health workers in fragile remote and rural settings.

scholarly journals Blastomycosis in Africa and the Middle East: a comprehensive review of reported cases and reanalysis of historical isolates based on molecular data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan S Schwartz ◽  
Jose F Muñoz ◽  
Chris R Kenyon ◽  
Nelesh P Govender ◽  
Lisa McTaggart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Whole Genomes

Abstract Background Blastomycosis has been reported from countries in Africa and the Middle East, but a decades-long debate has persisted regarding whether this is the same disease known in North America and caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and B. gilchristii. Methods We reviewed published cases of human and veterinary blastomycosis from Africa and the Middle East. We abstracted epidemiological and clinical features of cases, including sites of disease, diagnosis, management, and outcomes, and, where available, genetic and antigenic typing of case isolates. In addition, we sequenced nucleic acids from 9 clinical isolates from Africa deposited in global collections as B. dermatitidis; for 5, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer regions, and for 4 others the whole genomes. Results We identified 172 unique human patients with blastomycosis, including 159 patients from 25 African countries and 12 patients from 5 Middle Eastern countries, and 7 reports of veterinary blastomycosis. In humans, cutaneous disease predominated (n=100/137, 73%), followed by pulmonary (n=73/129, 57%) and osteoarticular involvement (n=61/128, 48%). Unusual direct microscopy/histopathological presentations included short hyphal fragments in tissues (n=23/129, 18%). Thirty-four genotyped case isolates comprised 4 species: B. percursus, (n=22, 65%) from 8 countries throughout all regions; B. emzantsi (n=9, 26%) from South Africa; B. dermatitidis (n=1, 3%) from Democratic Republic of Congo; and B. gilchristii (n=2, 6%) from South Africa and Zimbabwe. Conclusion Blastomycosis occurs throughout Africa and the Middle East and is caused predominantly by B. percursus and, at least in South Africa, B. emzantsi, resulting in distinct clinical and pathological patterns of disease.

Using survey data: towards valid estimates of poverty in the South

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World

It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countries

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