scholarly journals Goal and Strategies of an Insurgent Group: Violent and Non-violent Actions

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Zambrano ◽  
Hernando Zuleta
Keyword(s):  
Military Power ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Marginal Probability ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Colombian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractWe model the strategy of an insurgent group that follows a pattern of prolonged popular war but negotiates with the government. The main results of the model are the following: (i) If the marginal probability of signing a peace treaty is significantly low when the guerrilla invests little on non-violent strategies, then they will continue to fight and allocate all its resources on military power. (ii) Ceteris paribus, the future stock of military power of a guerrilla is increasing in their current military power and its budget. (iii) The greater the government’s military power, the lower the share of resources guerrillas allocate to violent strategies. We also provide two examples of negotiation processes between the Colombian government and FARC, and relate it to our theoretical results.

Een Duits netwerk bij de voorbereiding van de Militärverwaltung in België (1939-1940)

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Etienne Verhoeyen
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Student Group ◽  
German Army ◽  
The Future ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First World ◽  
Preparatory Work

Nadat Hitler in oktober 1939 beslist had een aanval in het Westen te ondernemen, werden in Keulen twee studiegroepen opgericht, die het toekomstig bezettingsregime van België en Nederland moesten voorbereiden. Er was een studiecommissie die geleid werd door de toekomstige leider van het Duits Militair Bestuur in België, Regierungspräsident Reeder, en daarnaast bestond een geheime studiegroep die de Sondergruppe Student werd genoemd. Deze bijdrage belicht het voorbereidend werk van de leden van deze studiegroep op het gebied van handel, industrie, recht, Volkstum en cultuur in België. De groep legde een grote belangstelling voor de Flamenfrage aan de dag en trok daarbij lessen uit de ervaringen met de bezetting van België tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Ofschoon er van diverse zijden in Duitsland werd op aangestuurd, hebben zowel de 'commissie Reeder' als de Sondergruppe de wederinvoering van de bestuurlijke scheiding van het Vlaams en Franstalig landsgedeelte, één van de 'verworvenheden' van het Vlaams activisme uit 1914-18, beslist afgewezen. De bijdrage laat ook de tegenstellingen zien die in Duitsland bestonden op het gebied van de beïnvloeding (ten voordele van Duitsland) in de te bezetten gebieden. ________ A German network in the preparation of the Militärverwaltung (Army administration) in Belgium (1939-1940)After Hitler had decided in October 1939 to carry out an attack on the West, two study groups were set up in Cologne in order to prepare the future occupational regime of Belgium and the Netherlands.  The future leader of the German Army Administration in Belgium, President of the Government Reeder chaired the study group, and in addition there was a secret study group called the Sondergruppe Student (Special Student Group).This contribution illuminates the preparatory work of the members of this study group in the area of trade, industry, law, Volkstum (nationality) and culture in Belgium. The group demonstrated a lot of interest in the Flamenfrage (Flemish question) and in doing so drew lessons from the experience of the occupation of Belgium during the First World War.Although people from various quarters in Germany aimed for the reintroduction of the governmental separation between  the Flemish and French speaking parts of the country, one of the 'achievements' of Flemish activism from the period of 1914-1918, both the 'Reeder committee' and the 'Sondergruppe' definitely dismissed it. This contribution also demonstrates the contradictions present in Germany in the area of influencing the territories to be occupied (in favour of Germany).

scholarly journals Envisioning Climate Change Adaptation Futures Using Storytelling Workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6630
Author(s):  
Rachel Harcourt ◽  
Wändi Bruine de Bruin ◽  
Suraje Dessai ◽  
Andrea Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
The West ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Engaging people in preparing for inevitable climate change may help them to improve their own safety and contribute to local and national adaptation objectives. However, existing research shows that individual engagement with adaptation is low. One contributing factor to this might be that public discourses on climate change often seems dominated by overly negative and seemingly pre-determined visions of the future. Futures thinking intends to counter this by re-presenting the future as choice contingent and inclusive of other possible and preferable outcomes. Here, we undertook storytelling workshops with participants from the West Yorkshire region of the U.K. They were asked to write fictional adaptation futures stories which: opened by detailing their imagined story world, moved to events that disrupted those worlds, provided a description of who responded and how and closed with outcomes and learnings from the experience. We found that many of the stories envisioned adaptation as a here-and-now phenomenon, and that good adaptation meant identifying and safeguarding things of most value. However, we also found notable differences as to whether the government, local community or rebel groups were imagined as leaders of the responsive actions, and as to whether good adaptation meant maintaining life as it had been before the disruptive events occurred or using the disruptive events as a catalyst for social change. We suggest that the creative futures storytelling method tested here could be gainfully applied to support adaptation planning across local, regional and national scales.

Suggestions of China Participating in Global Recyclable Resources Circulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 996-999
Author(s):  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recyclable Resources ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Development of recyclable resources industry makes a positive effect to alleviate the shortage of resources and control environmental pollution. At present, China's recyclable resources industry still has some problems. The Government should vigorously develop recyclable resources industry and participate in global recyclable resources circulation in the future.

Forty years of rural reform in China: retrospect and future prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

Purpose Bottlenecked by rural underdevelopment, China’s overall development is bound to be inadequate and unbalanced. Through a brief retrospect of the reform directed against the “equalitarianism (egalitarianism)” in China’s rural areas, as well as the Chinese Government’s conceptual transformation and systemic construction and improvement thereof, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the panoramic significance of rural reform; the necessity, priority, and long-term nature of the current rural development; and the important role of public policy in doing so. It also looks ahead to consider the prospects for future rural reform. Design/methodology/approach This paper first reviews the rural reforms that were carried out in 1978. Second, it introduces the government’s conceptual change regarding rural reform and the establishment and improvement of the system that underlies it. Finally, the future of rural reform is envisaged. Findings The initial rural reforms brought extensive and profound changes to China’s rural areas. The experience of rural reform has been referred to and escalated by other fields of study. Hence, rural reforms have become something of global significance. Moreover, since the government can undertake reforms well beyond the reach of farmers, its views must be modified in a timely manner, and only then may it reasonably construct and improve the system pertaining to the “three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers).” Originality/value This paper reviews the rural reforms carried out in 1978. It introduces the government’s change of concept with respect to rural reforms and the establishment and improvement of the system based on the “three rural issues,” thus looking forward to the future of rural reforms. The findings of this paper are of significance to the formulation of future agricultural policies.

scholarly journals Navantia’s Shipyard 4.0 model overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Recamán Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate ◽  
Expected Outcomes

Navantia finished the analysis of the concept Industry 4.0 in 2016 and its application to the naval shipbuilding industry, referred to herein as Shipyard 4.0. The implementation process has begun with several projects that involved various technologies. In order to incorporate them in the new project, for naval vessels and systems, special focus has been put in the future F-110 frigate.This document aims to provide an overview of the Shipyard 4.0 model and a brief discussion regarding the projects launched for its implementation in Navantia. The initiative 4.0 is a key development vector across all the industrial sectors in the future and its expected outcomes match the ones established by the Government of Colombia in its “Plan de Transformación Industrial” (Plan of Industrial Transformation). In this context, the new frigate program (PES) is a unique opportunity to engage the local industry, in which Navantia offers its willingness to cooperate.

scholarly journals The Temporary Safe Haven- An Australian Perspective

Refuge ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Jackie King
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
The Government

Australia's decision to provide temporary safe haven protection to 4000 Kosovars in response to the UNHCR request for assistance in their humanitarian evacuation from refugee camps in surrounding countries, required quick action by the government to provide for an unprecedented legislative and service delivery framework. This paper looks at the notion of temporary protection, both in international and specifically Australian context, before describing and assessing the legislative and service delivery mechanisms that facilitated Australia's response. This paper concludes that the risk of selective intepretation of the legislation and the denial of democratic rights to the subjects of legislation, and the less than adequate service delivery to the Kosovars, and the arguable breach of its international obligations, suggests that Australia will have to think twice before engaging in such a mechanism in the future.

scholarly journals Anemia and Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Swapana John ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Anemia during pregnancy is a major world health concern especially in developing countries affecting the life of the women and the future of the child thereby influencing the present as well the future of the nation and the world at large. Nutritional deficiency still emerges out the main cause of iron deficiency anemia affecting the life of the pregnant women. The iron deficiency anemia has a major say in adverse pregnancy outcomes like pre term delivery, IUGR, morbidity even leading to mortality, however it is noted that severe anemia has a significant effect than moderate and mild anemia. A well balanced diet can avert this condition, nonetheless iron supplementations as per the government guidelines and various treatment available also help to tackle the situation. Education of the women and more awareness programmes on health, pregnancy and nutrition by the stakeholders can further reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Analisis Manajemen Mutu Terpadu (TQM) dalam Pelayanan Rumah Sakit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
vovi tridian ulfah ◽  
Hade Afriansyah ◽  
Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
Improve Service Quality

In order to improve service quality conduct and synergize management to complement hospitals medical equipment supported by medical personnel who are quite reliable in their fields. Steps taken by the hospital, among others, cooperating with the government, opportunities for open relations partnership for investors to develop this hospital to be better in the future

scholarly journals Implementation of Community Service Activities at the Class I Immigration Office for West Jakarta Non-TPI Specialists

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Catur Susan ◽  
Khotma Rubah Khoiroh Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Class I ◽  
Work Unit ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
The Government

The practice of field recognition (PPL) is one of the main educational activities at the Immigration Polytechnic. The Taruna annually will conduct this activity and can be placed anywhere throughout Indonesia. When implementing the field introduction practice Taruna is expected to apply the theory that in the learning process can be real as supporting the skills before plunging directly at the place of placement when already graduated. A taruna is not only demanded to be smart academically, the taruna formed a healthy attitude and mental to be a leader and a useful person in the future. As a community servant, the welfare and prosperity of society also became the responsibility of the cadets who would someday work with the government. One of the forms of caring for the community can be realized with the simple things like social service, Socialisai and other positive actions that can give positive influence to the community. Therefore, when implementing the field introduction practice the Taruna also conducts community devotion as a manifestation of taruna concern to the community and the environment around the area of work Unit field introduction  

scholarly journals Management of Distribution Programs "Non Cash Food Aid" in Rembang District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Melly Anggraeni ◽  
Hardi Warsono ◽  
Ida Hayu Dwimawanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
The Future ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
The Government

In the context of poverty reduction, the Government mandates the distribution of Non-Cash Food Assistance. Non-Cash Food Aid, hereinafter abbreviated as BPNT, is a policy of the Central Government in the form of food social assistance in the form of non-cash given to Beneficiary Families (KPM) every month through electronic accounts and is only used to buy food in E-warong in collaboration with banks. In BPNT distribution management in Rembang Regency, the planning aspect begins with the data collection and validation of population data, with the aim of channeling BPNT on target. Organizing is done in coordination between the Ministry of Social Affairs, Social Services, Women's Empowerment and Family Planning District. Rembang, BNI, and e-warong agents in each district. The implementation was carried out in stages, by distributing non-cash assistance of Rp 110,000.00 per family. Supervision is carried out in coordination with BNI, because the distribution system uses electronic money. The obstacle faced is that there are still residents who are eligible for assistance, but have not been distributed by BPNT. So in the future there needs to be up to date data validation. In the future, the distribution will be more on target.

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