scholarly journals SWIMMING – THE STRUCTURE AND VOLUME OF TRAINING LOADS IN THE FOUR-YEAR TRAINING CYCLE OF AN ELITE OLYMPIC ATHLETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Słomiński ◽  
Aleksandra Nowacka
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Measurable Parameter ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Olympic Athlete ◽  
And Training

Abstract Introduction. The improvement of outcomes in sport requires the creation of appropriate conditions for training and the search for more effective forms of its organisation and effective technology. Starting with this belief, the aim of the work is to identify the size and structure of the training loads and determine the effectiveness of the training process of an elite athlete in the Olympic macrocycle (2004-2008). Material and methods. We analysed loads in the four-year training cycle from 2004 to 2008. The parameters of the loads relating to the intensity (T1-T5) and type of training (general, special, and specific) were analysed. The present study also attempted to assess the impact of the work on the results obtained. Due to the nature of the competitive effort, we used the measurable parameter of distance (m, km) in the load analysis depending on the type and intensity of the physical effort. Results. This work reports on the implementation of a specially designed four-year training programme. The material gathered and the conclusions resulting from its analysis have made it possible to identify organisational and training solutions suitable for the athletic proficiency phase. The analysis of training loads indicated that in the training of a highly skilled swimmer, the general work is particularly important and that the largest volume was realised in the second intensity range (T2). Conclusions. The positive training and competition outcomes were the result of a deliberate training process. The training proved to be effective, leading to an increase in the athlete’s training status. This was achieved primarily owing to the training loads, which were accurately planned and implemented according to the special requirements of the race distance and the individual characteristics of the swimmer.

scholarly journals Therapist Characteristics and their Effect on Training Outcomes: What Counts?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Branson ◽  
Roz Shafran
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Therapist Characteristics ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Background:Evidence exists for a relationship between individual characteristics and both job and training performance; however relationships may not be generalizable. Little is known about the impact of therapist characteristics on performance in postgraduate therapist training programmes.Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the grades of trainee Low-Intensity and High-Intensity cognitive behavioural therapists and individual characteristics.Method:Trainee Low-Intensity (n= 81) and High-Intensity (n= 59) therapists completed measures of personality and cognitive ability; demographic and course grade data for participants were collected.Results:Degree classification emerged as the only variable to be significantly associated with performance across assessments and courses. Higher undergraduate degree classifications were associated with superior academic and clinical performance. Agreeableness was the only dimension of personality to be associated (positively) with clinical skill. Age was weakly and negatively associated with performance.Conclusions:Relationships between individual characteristics and training outcomes are complex and may be context specific. These results could have important implications for the selection and development of therapists for Low or High-Intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training.

scholarly journals Examining the impact of academic development in the engineering faculties in Chile: Changes in teaching philosophy and teachers' competencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Roxana Acosta ◽  
Marina Tomás-Folch ◽  
Mónica Feixas
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Teaching Philosophy ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Teaching Unit ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The Faculties of Engineering Sciences at Universidad Católica del Norte in Chile regard teacher training as a necessary tool for its academics’ professional development and as a fundamental way to improve their teaching quality. The Teaching Unit for Innovation in Engineering (UIDIN) has developed a new curriculum and training programme which seeks to support the faculty in its implementation. This article presents some of the outcomes of a study aimed at qualitatively examining the development of the faculty’s conceptions and philosophy of teaching and improvements in pedagogical competencies as a result of the implementation and transfer of the training programme. The teaching philosophy is described in different ways, but overall it considers teaching an act of disciplinary knowledge transfer based on students’ interests, skills and attitudes, and with a heavy emphasis on building students’ core values. Interviews reveal changes in the participants’ learning and competencies due to the training, along with a positive impact on the teachers’ lesson planning and assessment strategies and students’ feedback and the willingness to engage in more reflexive teaching practice.

scholarly journals The impact of civil status on womencs wages in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Madalozzo ◽  
Carolina Flores Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Consensual Union ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Consensual union, also known as cohabitation, has become more frequent in recent decades in Brazil and many other countries. In this context, some studies have analyzed the impact of marriage on women's wages. This article analyzes the effects of marital status on Brazilian women's wages by specifically investigating the individual characteristics of these effects using data from the 2000 Brazilian Census Database. This study concludes that wages differ by up to 15 per cent between married and single women and up to 3 per cent between married and cohabiting women.

scholarly journals The influence of environment: Experiences of users of myoelectric arm prosthesis—a qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Widehammar ◽  
Ingvor Pettersson ◽  
Gunnel Janeslätt ◽  
Liselotte Hermansson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Environmental Barriers ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Local Access ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Background: Prostheses are used to varying degrees; however, little is known about how environmental aspects influence this use. Objectives: To describe users’ experiences of how environmental factors influence their use of a myoelectric arm prosthesis. Study design: Qualitative and descriptive. Methods: A total of 13 patients previously provided with a myoelectric prosthetic hand participated. Their age, sex, deficiency level, etiology, current prosthesis use, and experience varied. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive content analysis. Results: Four categories were created from the data: “Prosthesis function,” “Other people’s attitudes,” “Support from family and healthcare,” and “Individual’s attitude and strategies.” The overarching theme, “Various degrees of embodiment lead to different experiences of environmental barriers and facilitators,” emerged from differences in individual responses depending on whether the individual was a daily or a non-daily prosthesis user. Environmental facilitators such as support from family and healthcare and good function and fit of the prosthesis seemed to help the embodiment of the prosthesis, leading to daily use. This embodiment seemed to reduce the influence of environmental barriers, for example, climate, attitudes, and technical shortcomings. Conclusion: Embodiment of prostheses seems to reduce the impact of environmental barriers. Support and training may facilitate the embodiment of myoelectric prosthesis use. Clinical relevance For successful prosthetic rehabilitation, environmental factors such as support and information to the patient and their social network about the benefits of prosthesis use are important. Local access to training in myoelectric control gives more people the opportunity to adapt to prosthesis use and experience less environmental barriers.

Measurement survey using acoustic measurement network and sound environment evaluation system by experience sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 5063-5070
Author(s):  
Kengo Togashi ◽  
Akiko Sugahara ◽  
Yasuhiro Nagasawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Hiraguri ◽  
Kazunori Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intellectual Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The use of open-plan offices is increasing as they are effective in improving intellectual productivity by fostering a communication among workers. Previous research on the relationship between the indoor sound environment and intellectual productivity has mostly reported the impact of the sound environment on the tasks that individuals work on. However, there has been no research on the impact of sound environment on office spaces where multiple workers are actually working. In this study, we developed a system that can analyze the individual characteristics of workers in relation to the sound environment by simultaneously measuring their evaluation to the sound environment and the sound environment of the office. The system collected workers' evaluation of their impressions to the sound environment through a regular questionnaire using the experience sampling method. At the same time, it measured the sound environment of the office with multiple small measurement devices. The obtained sound environment evaluation data and the acoustic data of the office were stored in a single database. Finally, this system was run in a working environment to evaluate the sound environment on a trial basis.

scholarly journals Impact of heated waters on water quality and macroinvertebrate community in the Narew River (Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Krolak ◽  
Krzysztof Lewandowski ◽  
Zbigniew Kasprzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dikerogammarus Haemobaphes ◽  
Sinanodonta Woodiana

AbstractThe effect of heated waters from coal-burning power stations on the water parameters and the occurrence of macroinvertebrates depends on the individual characteristics of the river to which the heated waters are discharged. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heated water from the Ostrołęka Power Station on selected water properties and the macroinvertebrate community in the Narew River. Samples were collected in years: 2013-2016 along two river stretches: upstream and downstream of the canal. The water temperature was higher and the oxygen concentrations were lower at the downstream sites compared to the upstream sites of the canal. The values of conductivity, concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, chlorides and calcium were similar at the sampling sites. A total of 33 families of macrozoobenthos were found. The numbers of families were positively correlated with the temperature and conductivity and negatively correlated with oxygen. The heated waters were found to have no effect on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The inflow of heated waters increased the percentage of Gammaridae, represented by species Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and decreased the percentage of Chironomidae. The presence of the thermophilous bivalve Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1934) was noted downstream of the canal.

Public Opinion on Foreign Policy Issues

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Eichenberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Attitudes Toward War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Scholars and governments are interested in four sets of questions concerning public opinion on foreign policy and national security policy. First, what do public opinion polls measure? How do citizens, who are generally uninformed about foreign policy and world affairs, form opinions on these matters? Second, how rational is public opinion? Is it stable or volatile? Are opinions coherent? Do opinions plausibly reflect the flow of world events? Third, what factors influence the formation of citizen opinions? Specifically, what is the impact of fundamental attitudes toward war and military force, partisanship, ideology, and gender? Finally, how universal are the determinants of citizen opinion, especially on crucial issues of war and peace? Are the findings in global comparisons the same as those in the American or European contexts? Considerable scholarship has been devoted to these four questions. Scholars now characterize public opinion as rational, in the sense that it is fairly stable, coherent, and responsive to real world events. Attitudes toward war and military force are a major focus of the research literature because many specific policy attitudes flow from fundamental views of war. Gender has also become a major focus of research because many studies find that women are less supportive of the use of military force for most purposes. Finally, scholars are beginning to discover that some opinion patterns are universal across societies, while others are more affected by the individual characteristics of national societies. Studies of global public opinion have expanded greatly, with recent scholarship focusing on global attitudes toward gender equality, immigration, and climate change.

scholarly journals Why residents quit: Prevalence of and reasons for attrition among anaesthesia residents in a single sponsoring institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Daphne Moo ◽  
Wei Shyan Siow ◽  
Ee Teng Ong
Keyword(s):  
Residency Training ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Postgraduate Training Programme ◽  
Residency Programme ◽  
Individualized Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Background: The SingHealth Anaesthesiology Residency Programme (SHARP) is a 5-year postgraduate training programme in Singapore. Since its inauguration in 2011, SHARP has taken in the largest number of anaesthesia residents in Singapore. However, we noticed significant attrition over the years. As attrition is a costly and disruptive affair, both to the individual and the programme, we seek to investigate the prevalence of and reasons for separation, in order to determine ways to minimize attrition. Methods: An online anonymous survey was conducted among all residents who have separated from SHARP. The questionnaire comprised questions regarding demographic data, reasons behind separation, obstacles faced during residency, and potential ways to reduce attrition. Results: From 2011 to 2018, 22 out of 127 residents have separated from the programme, giving an overall attrition prevalence of 17%. Nineteen (86%) of the separated residents responded to our questionnaire. The most common reason for separation was due to difficulties in juggling childcare and training commitments. Of the residents who have separated, more than half of them would consider rejoining the programme if a less than full time (LTFT) option was available. Conclusion: One out of every six residents in the SHARP quits residency training. The reasons behind separation are often varied due to each resident’s unique social circumstances. An individualized training programme with a LTFT option that allows for flexibility may boost retention in the programme.

Development of a technique and the organization of classes in training of skiers of younger categories at a "basic" aestivo-autumnal stage of trainings

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Валентина Линтарёва ◽  
Valentina Lintareva ◽  
Лариса Иванова ◽  
Larisa Ivanova ◽  
Елена Стеценко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Significant Digit ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
One Year ◽  
General Physical ◽  
And Training

Performances of Russian skiers at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi acknowledged as ambiguous: highly successful in men and less successful in women. Unsuccessful performances in women motivated the ski community in Russia, including and the authors of this article, to search negative reasons why so many women´s teams have failed in performances. Some of them, in our opinion, consist in the lack of regular and systematic training sessions of skiers 16-19 years old in the mode of a one-year training cycle, especially in the summer-autumn stages of training and the insufficiency of instructional materials and methodical recommendations on issues educational and training activities on these stages of preparation. There are tendencies to reduce the number of training sessions skiing in universities, colleges and schools under the program approved by RF Ministry of Education. But in some regions of the Russian Federation is noted the complete absence of such training. Organization and methods of educational and training sessions of skiers of least significant digit on the "basic" summer-autumn stage of preparation, taking into account the favorable climatic conditions and increased light day allow to widely use of variety of general and specialized tools and exercises used in the training process and more comfortable to deal with training load in the future, especially during the main "snow" preparation phase. Proposed by authors training and methodical recommendations for the organization of the training process of skiers of least significant digit on the "basic" summer-autumn stage of a one-year training cycle with using mostly means and exercise of general physical preparing, with taking into account the discharge qualifications of boys and girls permit to carry out the training load in the specified volumes and time parameters. The offered by authors training load, in our opinion, can serve as an indicator of the functional state of athletes.

Gender and party cohesion in the Italian parliament: a spatial analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licia C. Papavero ◽  
Francesco Zucchini
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Lower Chamber ◽  
Party Cohesion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Studies on female legislative behavior suggest that women parliamentarians may challenge party cohesion by allying across party lines. In this paper we analyze a specific parliamentary activity – bill co-sponsorship – in the Italian lower Chamber, between 1979 and 2016, as a source of information about MPs’ original preferences to study how gender affects party cohesion. Do women form a separated group in the Italian parliament? On average, are they more or less distant from the center of their parties than men? Does gender affect systematically party cohesion? A principal component analysis of co-sponsorship data allows us to identify the ideal points of all MPs in a multidimensional space for each legislature. Based on these data we estimate the impact of gender on party cohesion at the individual level while controlling for the impact of several other variables of different kind (individual, partisan, and institutional). We find that: (1) on average, women show lower cohesion as a group inside different parties and higher party cohesion than men; (2) the influence of gender on party cohesion is not conditional upon individual characteristics, upon the size and organization of parliamentary parties, and upon the share of women in their parliamentary groups; (3) the different behavior of women MPs may depend on the different patterns of recruitment in the parties.

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