scholarly journals Supplementation of pigs diet with zinc and copper as alternative to conventional antimicrobials

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dębski
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Modern commercial pig farming systems inflict increased stress in animals, which often leads to various negative changes in the gastro-intestinal tract, especially in the case of piglets. Ban of antibiotics, used as growth promoters, has caused a need for alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. Use of pre-/or probiotics, organic acids and plant extracts is often recommended, but it seems that zinc oxide and cooper salts, which were traditionally included in high doses to piglets diet, possess the highest efficacy. In commercial conditions feeding piglets with high doses of Zn and/or Cu stimulates piglets daily gain and decreases feed conversion factor. However, as heavy metals Zn and Cu tend to accumulate in soil and cause serious environmental pollution of soil and tap-water. Furthermore, high zinc concentrations (2500÷3000 mg/kg feed) in feed may have an impact on development of antimicrobial resistance, and may regulate the expression of genes that modify piglets’ immune response. Therefore, the use of high doses of ZnO and/or Cu salts, as growth promoter, has always been a subject of discussion, and caused different legal status of such treatment in various EU countries. This short review describes current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) point of view on the use of ZnO in medicated feed. The higher bioavailability of recently introduced new sources or forms of these metals allows for substantial reduction of dietary inclusion rate, which should have a positive outcome for pigs health and the environment.

scholarly journals A direct fed microbial containing a combination of three-strain Bacillus sp. can be used as an alternative to feed antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
A. Awati ◽  
C. Kromm ◽  
C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Strain Combination ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

SummaryThe objective of the study was to test the effect of a direct fed microbial (DFM) on the performance of broilers compared to an antibiotic growth promoter under large scale, commercial production settings. Three dietary treatments were tested in a completely randomized design including: 1) a control (C) diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase and a mixture of xylanase, amylase, protease ; 2) C+ a specific three-strain combination of Bacillus spp. (DFM) and 3) C+ bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). Six, similar commercial broiler houses (15,300 birds per house) were used to give two replicate houses per treatment. The birds (Hubbard x Cobb500) were fed pelleted and crumbled diets ad libitum throughout the 44 day trial period. Due to the large scale, commercial nature of the trial, no significant differences were observed in production parameters among treatments, except that DFM treatment resulted in significantly lower mortality numbers in the last two days (43 to 44d) compared to the control. However, the DFM treatment group showed numerically higher live bodyweight, lower feed conversion ratio (corrected for body weight and mortality) and lower total mortality weight compared to either the control or BMD groups, resulting in an improved production efficiency factor. When compared to control, using DFM resulted in a gross benefit of US$ 0.06 /bird, while using BMD was not cost effective. In conclusion, DFM containing a three-strain combination of Bacillus spp. may be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, resulting in economic benefit under commercial production settings in broilers fed commercial diets.

scholarly journals Phytogenic additive as an alternative to growth promoters in broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Neudí Scheuermann ◽  
Anildo Cunha Junior ◽  
Lucas Cypriano ◽  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
The Cost

This study evaluated a phytogenic feed additive for broiler chickens. A total of 1,632 broiler chicks were distributed into four treatments: negative control (without growth promoter); positive control (avilamycine, 10ppm + colistin, 15ppm); and two alternative treatments with 150ppm of phytogenic additive, one with a reduced Ca and P levels diet (PA-R1) and the other with lower energy, and amino acids, besides Ca and P (PA-R2). The trial was conducted with 12 replicates, each consisted of a pen with 34 birds. The alternative diets showed body weight intermediate to the two controls at 42 days, with no significant (P>0.05) treatment effect on feed conversion ratio. No treatment differences (P>0.05) on carcass yield and composition was observed. There was a tendency of abdominal fat lipids saturation, when the phytogenic additive was used, as possible consequence of a decreased level of soybean oil in the diets. A difference (P<0.001) on ingredient consumption profile was observed between the treatments. All together, this study showed a possibility to reduce the cost of total feed used to produce a broilers or a ton of body weight by the utilization of the tested phytogenic additive.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE GENGIBRE (Zingiber officinale) EM PÓ SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE NA FASE INICIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Vilson Matias Pinto ◽  
Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa Leite ◽  
Mônica Maria de Almeida Brainer ◽  
Brena Cristine Rosário Silva ◽  
Leidyanne Guimarães Silva
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance of broilers with the addition of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in broiler diets in starter phases. Were used 630 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven repetitions with eighteen birds each. The treatments consist of a reference diet with corn and soybean meal and adding different levels of powdered ginger, five treatments, consisting of positive control, negative control and three levels of ginger (0.50%, 0.75%; 1.0%). Were evaluated at the end of each phase, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, pancreatic weight and length and weight of the intestine. The data will be submitted to analysis of variance and means to regression analysis with 5% significance. No effects of the treatments on the performance variables were observed in the initial stage of creation. With this result, at twenty-one days old, we observed the potential for substitution of growth promoters for powdered ginger. The inclusion of up to 1% of powdered ginger did not affect bird performance providing results similar to positive control treatments with growth promoter.

Efficiency of a prebiotic and a plant extract alone or in combination on broiler performance and intestinal physiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽  
Serge Mallet ◽  
Angélique Travel ◽  
Juan Orengo ◽  
Michel Lessire
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Tract Function

A 36-d trial was conducted to evaluate two potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. The products tested were a prebiotic (PROFEED®) and a plant extract (XTRACT™). Ross male broiler performance and digestive tract function responses were studied. To evaluate the effect of these potential alternatives alone or in combination, seven diets were tested: positive control avilamycin 10 ppm (PC); negative control antibiotic-free (NC); NC + PROFEED® 600 ppm (P); NC + XTRACT™ 100 ppm (X); NC + PROFEED®/XTRACT™ 600/100 ppm (XPH); NC + PROFEED® /XTRACT™ 450/75 ppm (XPM); NC + PROFEED®/XTRACT™ 300/50 ppm (XPL). From 22 to 36 d of age, body weight gain (BWG) was improved by P, X, and XPM compared with NC (P < 0.05). Throughout the trial, broilers fed PC, P, X and XPL had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed NC (P < 0.1). No relevant negative effect was observed for the parameters relative to the digestive tract function: ileal histomorphometry, anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria count (ASR), intestinal and caecal pH, caecal volatile fatty acids production (VFA) and litter score (LS). With the higher mixture dose (XPH), no improvement in broiler performance was observed, suggesting no synergistic effect of the two additives. Key words: Broiler, antibiotic growth promoter, plant extract, prebiotic

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DO HALQUINOL COMO PROMOTOR DE CRESCIMENTO E COADJUVANTE NO CONTROLE DA COCCIDIOSE EM FRANGOS DE CORTE

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. B CARDOSO ◽  
J. S. FLEMMING ◽  
F. F. FLEMMING
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Lesion Count ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Drug Influence ◽  
Different Levels

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a influência da utilização do halquinol (uma mistura de 5,7-dicloro-8-quinolinol, 5-cloro-8 quinolinol e 7-cloro-8-quinolinol) como promotor de crescimento, bem como sua possível ação no controle da coccidiose, em frangos de corte. Foram analisados parâmetros como ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade e índice de eficiência produtiva. Foram constituídos 6 tratamentos, num total de 2880 aves criadas em piso, com diferentes níveis da droga na ração. Observou-se que a utilização do halquinol como promotor de crescimento não alterou significativamente (P>0.05) o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade das aves. A associação do halquinol a outros promotores de crescimento também não influenciou positivamente (P>0.05) os parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. No segundo estudo, num experimento em gaiolas procurou-se avaliar a ação do halquinol no controle da coccidiose, comparando-se a ação de 30 g/ton do produto associado ou não ao coccidiostático maduramicina frente à inoculação de diferentes Eimerias. Foram utilizadas 40 aves criadas em gaiolas que receberam um inoculo misto de E.tenella, E. acervulina e E. máxima, sendo então realizado escore de lesões. Como resultado observou-se que a utilização do halquinol potencializa a ação da maduramicina no controle da E. acervulina, não apresentando entretanto qualquer efeito no controle da E. máxima e E.tenella. Utilization of halquinol as a growth promoter and coadjuvanto on coccidiosis control in broilers Abstract The main purpose of this stud was to invetigate the clorade-8-hidroxiquinolim (halquinol) drug influence as a promoter of growth, as well as it´s possible action in the coccidiosis control in chicken for human consumption. Some parameters have been analised such as weight gain, food conversion ,viability and produtive efficiency index. Six treatments were undertaken, on a total of 2880 birds raised on flat surface with different levels of drug in then feed .It was noted that the utilization of halquinol as a promoter of growth didn´t alter significantly (P>0.05) the weight gain, the feed conversion and the viability of the birds. The addition of halquinol to other growth promoters also didn´t influence positively (P>0.05) the evalueted zootechnical parameters. In the second study, during a bird cage experiment there was no attempt to evaluate the halquinol action in the control of coccidiosis by comparing the of 30 g/ton of clorade-8-hidroxiquinolin (halquinol) associade or not with maduramicine coccidiostatic during the Eimerias innoculation. There were utilize 40 cages raised birds wich received a mixed E. tennela, E. acervulina e E. maxima inoculum, and was performed a lesion count. As a result it was observed that the utilization of halquinol potencializes the maduramicine action in the control of E. acervulina; however no showing any effect in the control of E.maxima and E. tenella.

scholarly journals Potassium Diformate : A New Alternative To Antibiotic Growth Promoters

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chowdhury ◽  
MN Haque ◽  
KMS Islam ◽  
MJ Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promoter ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Growth Promoting

Potassium diformate (Formi) is odorless, low-corrosive and easy to handle. The European Union (EU) has approved it as non-antibiotic growth promoter, for use in non ruminant feeds. Maximum inclusion level of potassium diformate is 1.8% as registered by the European authorities which can improve weight gain up to 14%. Potassium diformate contains the active ingredients free formic acid as well as formate has the strong anti microbial effect in stomach and also in duodenum. Potassium diformate with its growth promoting and health enhancing effect has proven to be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Its special effect on the micro flora is regarded as the main mode of action. 1.8% potassium diformate in growing pig diets also significantly increase Feed intake and feed conversion ratio was significantly improved where growing pig diets was supplemented with 1.8% potassium diformate. It was also reduced pH in the stomach and duodenum. potassium diformate 0.9% significantly reduced the pH of duodenal digesta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9887 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 99-105

scholarly journals The Effect of α-Monolaurin and Butyrate Supplementation on Broiler Performance and Gut Health in the Absence and Presence of the Antibiotic Growth Promoter Zinc Bacitracin

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Bakang R. Letlole ◽  
Ellen P. C. W. Damen ◽  
Christine Jansen van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
The Impact

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is common practice to improve broiler production and performance. The use of AGP is under discussion as it can induce bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of removing AGP from broiler feed and study the effect of feed additives. For those countries where in-feed AGP are still permitted, the effect of the products in the presence of AGP was evaluated. Half the number of male broilers received a diet free of AGP, whereas the other half received a diet supplemented with zinc bacitracin at 0.5 g/kg. Both diets were either without additional additives or combined with a coated sodium butyrate, α-monolaurin or a combination of these additives. Raised under optimal conditions, the incorporation of AGP had no effect on broiler performance, but negatively affected villi height and villi height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in the duodenum. In the absence of AGP, butyric acid and α-monolaurin had a positive effect on villi height. In the presence of AGP, α-monolaurin resulted in the lowest feed conversion ratio and improved VH:CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Both feed additives had minimal effect on performance parameters but showed small positive effects on gut health in the absence of AGP and could play a role in the strategy to replace AGP.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of an Organic Acid Blend and Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate as Growth Promoters in Broiler Chickens: Effects on Performance, Gut Histology, and Small Intestinal Milieu

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Samanta ◽  
Sudipto Haldar ◽  
Tapan Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study evaluated the efficacy of organic acids as a growth promoter for broiler chickens relative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Broiler chickens were supplemented with graded doses of an organic acid blend (OAB, 1 g and 2 g/kg diet) and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD, 0.5 g and 1 g/kg diet) for 35 days. Supplementation of OAB improved () feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased protein accretion (). Dietary acidification caused pH of the gizzard to decline linearly () with the dose of supplemental OAB. In the lower intestine, pH remained unaffected by dietary treatments. Unlike BMD, supplemental OAB selectively promoted growth of lactobacilli in the small intestine. Moreover, compared to BMD, OAB tended to maintain the villi in the small intestine at a greater height. Although benefits of exceeding the dose of supplemental organic acids more than 1 g/kg diet are not always conspicuous, based on the live weight and feed conversion data, supplementation of 2 g organic acid per kg diet may be recommended for total replacement of AGPs in broiler diet.

scholarly journals Xylanase and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) Potential for Improvement of Live Performance, Energy Digestibility, and Reduction of Environmental Microbial Load of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Nusairat ◽  
Jeng-Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

The challenge of identifying alternatives to subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal feed has led to increased interest in feed additives such as exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials (DFM). Six corn soy-based dietary treatments were designed to investigate the effect of high-efficiency xylanase alone, Bacillus spp. probiotics alone, and their combination vs. a commonly used antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin methylene disalicylate; BMD) on live performance and environmental Clostridium perfringens load of broiler chickens with eight replicate pens per treatment. Diets were as follows: standard diet (positive control; PC); 130 kcal/kg reduced-energy diet (negative control; NC); NC with xylanase (NC + Xy); NC with probiotics (NC + Pro); NC with xylanase and probiotics mix (NC + XyPro); and NC with BMD (NC + BMD). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA. At 35 and 42 days, birds fed with NC + XyPro and NC + BMD were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than birds fed with NC. Improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.0001) was observed from 1 to 42 days by ~3 points in both NC + XyPro and NC + BMD compared to NC. The NC + XyPro reduced lesion scores by 66% compared to PC and NC. Litter C. perfringens cell count was reduced by ~16% with supplementation of XyPro or BMD. It can be concluded that a blend of xylanase (10 XU/g feed) and Bacillus spp. [1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/g feed] can be used as an alternative to AGP in low-energy broiler diets.

Interaction effects of dietary ginger Zingiber officinale and yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on performance, carcass yield and gut micro flora of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
W. A. Olayemi ◽  
L. A. Rabiu ◽  
A. O. Akapo ◽  
O. A. Oso ◽  
T. Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Consumer concern for drug residues in meat and eggs as well as ban imposed on the use of antibiotics in animal feed as growth promoter call for alternative search. A 56days feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger inclusion with and without yeast supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, gut micro flora of broiler chickens. A total of One hundred and eighty day, one old Arbor acre broiler chicks wereallotted on weight equalization basis to 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements (3 levels of ginger (0%, 4% and 5%) with and without yeast (0%, 1% levels). The treatments were replicated thrice with ten birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad- libtum. Performance showed that birds on combination (5% ginger and 1% yeast) recorded highest weight (1527g) with better feed conversion while least weight (1202g) and least feed conversion were recorded with birds on ginger only. Highest eviscerated weight (1362.50g) and dressing percentage (72.79%) were recorded in broiler chicks on 1%Yeast + 5% Ginger while least values (1087.50g, 62.39%) were recorded with birds on yeast only. Total bacteria count increased from 1.20 x106cfu/ml (control) to 1.70 x106cfu/ml in diets supplemented 1% yeast and 5% ginger as well as Lactobacillus count increased with supplementation level Total anaerobic count decreased from1.10 x106cfu/ml in control diet to 0.68 x106cfu/ml in birds fed1% yeast and 5% ginger likewise coliform, clostridium and bacillus counts decreased with the additives (yeast and ginger) inclusion. It can be concluded that inclusion of ginger and yeast at 5% and 1% respectively in the diets improved performance and reduced pathogenic biota without detrimental effects in broiler chickens and might therefore serve as a natural substitute for synthetic growth promoters.

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