scholarly journals The Effect of α-Monolaurin and Butyrate Supplementation on Broiler Performance and Gut Health in the Absence and Presence of the Antibiotic Growth Promoter Zinc Bacitracin

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Bakang R. Letlole ◽  
Ellen P. C. W. Damen ◽  
Christine Jansen van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
The Impact

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is common practice to improve broiler production and performance. The use of AGP is under discussion as it can induce bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of removing AGP from broiler feed and study the effect of feed additives. For those countries where in-feed AGP are still permitted, the effect of the products in the presence of AGP was evaluated. Half the number of male broilers received a diet free of AGP, whereas the other half received a diet supplemented with zinc bacitracin at 0.5 g/kg. Both diets were either without additional additives or combined with a coated sodium butyrate, α-monolaurin or a combination of these additives. Raised under optimal conditions, the incorporation of AGP had no effect on broiler performance, but negatively affected villi height and villi height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in the duodenum. In the absence of AGP, butyric acid and α-monolaurin had a positive effect on villi height. In the presence of AGP, α-monolaurin resulted in the lowest feed conversion ratio and improved VH:CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Both feed additives had minimal effect on performance parameters but showed small positive effects on gut health in the absence of AGP and could play a role in the strategy to replace AGP.

Efficiency of a prebiotic and a plant extract alone or in combination on broiler performance and intestinal physiology

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽  
Serge Mallet ◽  
Angélique Travel ◽  
Juan Orengo ◽  
Michel Lessire
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Tract Function

A 36-d trial was conducted to evaluate two potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. The products tested were a prebiotic (PROFEED®) and a plant extract (XTRACT™). Ross male broiler performance and digestive tract function responses were studied. To evaluate the effect of these potential alternatives alone or in combination, seven diets were tested: positive control avilamycin 10 ppm (PC); negative control antibiotic-free (NC); NC + PROFEED® 600 ppm (P); NC + XTRACT™ 100 ppm (X); NC + PROFEED®/XTRACT™ 600/100 ppm (XPH); NC + PROFEED® /XTRACT™ 450/75 ppm (XPM); NC + PROFEED®/XTRACT™ 300/50 ppm (XPL). From 22 to 36 d of age, body weight gain (BWG) was improved by P, X, and XPM compared with NC (P < 0.05). Throughout the trial, broilers fed PC, P, X and XPL had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed NC (P < 0.1). No relevant negative effect was observed for the parameters relative to the digestive tract function: ileal histomorphometry, anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria count (ASR), intestinal and caecal pH, caecal volatile fatty acids production (VFA) and litter score (LS). With the higher mixture dose (XPH), no improvement in broiler performance was observed, suggesting no synergistic effect of the two additives. Key words: Broiler, antibiotic growth promoter, plant extract, prebiotic

scholarly journals Overview of Prebiotics and Probiotics: Focus on Performance, Gut Health and Immunity – A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Acharya Adhikari ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Poor Growth

AbstractDue to the threat and emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, the use of in-feed antibiotics at therapeutic and subtherapeutic levels has been limited. Complete withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) has led to poor gut health signs in chickens that include conditions like wet litter, intestinal bacteria overgrowth, poor growth performance, malabsorption and various diseases. Two of the most common alternatives to AGP are prebiotics and probiotics. Both prebiotics and probiotics have become the potential feed additives that improve the gut health, immune system and microbiota by various mechanisms of action, and enhance growth performance of chickens. The review discusses the modes of action like antibacterial, competitive exclusion (CE), and immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics and probiotics, particularly in poultry.In ovofeeding of prebiotics and probiotics with promising effect on growth performance and reduction of pathogens likeSalmonellais also discussed in this review. However, it is necessary to conduct more research with prebiotics and probiotics as well as other feed additives to understand the detailed mechanisms of action and identify better alternatives for poultry production and health.

Effect of medicinal plants and organic acid on growth performance of Ross broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
H Ziaie ◽  
M A Karimi Torshizi ◽  
M Bashtani ◽  
H Farhangfar ◽  
P Rowlinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic

The prophylactic use of antibiotic (as growth promoters) in animal feeds has made intensive farming possible and improved feed conversion. In the presence of low levels of an antibiotic, resistant cells survive and grow which produces an antibiotic-resistant population. Consequently, the use of antibiotic for broilers has been limited. Therefore, a number of studies on alternative products that can aid promotion of growth, improved feed utilization, and maintenance of gut health have taken placed (Hernandez et al, 2004). Herbs and organic acid have received an increased attention as an alternative to antibiotics (Craig, 1999; Ricke, 2003). The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative antibiotic growth promoters on Ross broiler performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Nigella sativa on Performance, Blood Profiles, and Antibody Titer against Newcastle Disease in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alireza Talebi ◽  
Masoud Maham ◽  
Siamak Asri-Rezaei ◽  
Pouya Pournaghi ◽  
Mohammad-Sadegh Khorrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antibody Titers

Recent anxiety about resistance to chemical drugs has elevated the position of phytogenic feed additives including Nigella sativa in preventive strategy in the poultry industry. During this study, a completely randomized experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy of different levels (0 to 16%) of N. sativa seeds supplemented in the diet of broilers on performance, immune responses, and hematological and biochemical parameters. The results indicated the following: (a) Supplementation of 1% N. sativa seeds in diet had the highest positive effects and 16% N. sativa had the highest significant ( p = 0.03 ) adverse effects on weight gain, while up to 2% N. sativa seeds in the diet reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) whereas 4% and over that increased the FCR. (b) Chickens fed with a diet containing 1% N. sativa seeds had the highest antibody titers, but those fed with 16% N. sativa seeds had the lowest antibody titers at end of the experiment. (c) Dietary inclusion of N. sativa seeds increased hemogram parameters and the group fed with 16% N. sativa seeds had the highest values on day 21 until the end of the experiment. (d) Supplementation of N. sativa seeds decreased in WBC and lymphocytes but increased heterophils, H/L, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils percentages. Supplementation of up to 2% of N. sativa seeds in broiler’s diets elaborated serum level of those parameters, while supplementation of ≥ 4% N. sativa seeds decreased their serum levels. In conclusion, supplementation of N. sativa seed (1-2%) in broiler diets, as a multipurpose natural growth promoter, improves performance, elevates humoral immune responses, affects serum biochemical profiles of broiler chickens, and induces changes in their hemogram and leukogram, while there are no side, residual, and hazardous effects.

scholarly journals Progress on Gut Health Maintenance and Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Chicken Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qidong Zhu ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Bingkun Zhang ◽  
LingLian Kong ◽  
Chuanpi Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The perturbation of gut health is a common yet unresolved problem in broiler chicken production. Antibiotics used as growth promoters have remarkably improved the broiler production industry with high feed conversion efficiency and reduced intestinal problems. However, the misuse of antibiotics has also led to the increase in the development of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in the meat. Many countries have enacted laws prohibiting the use of antibiotics in livestock production because of the increasing concerns from the consumers and the public. Consequently, one of the most significant discussions in the poultry industry is currently antibiotic-free livestock production. However, the biggest challenge in animal husbandry globally is the complete removal of antibiotics. The necessity to venture into antibiotic-free production has led researchers to look for alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Many strategies can be used to replace the use of antibiotics in broiler farming. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to identify functional feed additives with similar beneficial effects as antibiotic growth promoters. Attention has been focused on prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, emulsifiers, enzymes, essential oils, tributyrin, and medium-chain fatty acids. In this review, we focused on recent discoveries on gut health maintenance through the use of these functional feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in the past 10 years to provide novel insights into the design of antibiotic-free feeds.

scholarly journals Xylanase and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) Potential for Improvement of Live Performance, Energy Digestibility, and Reduction of Environmental Microbial Load of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Nusairat ◽  
Jeng-Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

The challenge of identifying alternatives to subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal feed has led to increased interest in feed additives such as exogenous enzymes and direct-fed microbials (DFM). Six corn soy-based dietary treatments were designed to investigate the effect of high-efficiency xylanase alone, Bacillus spp. probiotics alone, and their combination vs. a commonly used antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin methylene disalicylate; BMD) on live performance and environmental Clostridium perfringens load of broiler chickens with eight replicate pens per treatment. Diets were as follows: standard diet (positive control; PC); 130 kcal/kg reduced-energy diet (negative control; NC); NC with xylanase (NC + Xy); NC with probiotics (NC + Pro); NC with xylanase and probiotics mix (NC + XyPro); and NC with BMD (NC + BMD). Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA. At 35 and 42 days, birds fed with NC + XyPro and NC + BMD were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than birds fed with NC. Improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.0001) was observed from 1 to 42 days by ~3 points in both NC + XyPro and NC + BMD compared to NC. The NC + XyPro reduced lesion scores by 66% compared to PC and NC. Litter C. perfringens cell count was reduced by ~16% with supplementation of XyPro or BMD. It can be concluded that a blend of xylanase (10 XU/g feed) and Bacillus spp. [1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/g feed] can be used as an alternative to AGP in low-energy broiler diets.

scholarly journals Evaluating Alternatives to Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broilers: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
Kwena Thema ◽  
Victor Mlambo ◽  
Natasha Snyman ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Similar Growth

This study evaluated different combinations of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis), an organic acid mixture (benzoic and fumaric acids), a protease enzyme, and chelated minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) as alternatives to zinc-bacitracin antibiotic. Eight hundred Cobb 500 chicks (42.02 ± 2.207 g liveweight) were distributed into 40 pens to which five diets: 1. Commercial broiler diet with no antibiotics (CON); 2. CON + zinc-bacitracin antibiotic (ZnB); 3. CON + chelated minerals + protease enzyme (MinEnz); 4. CON + chelated minerals + protease + organic acids (MinEnzOrg); and 5. CON + chelated minerals + protease + probiotic (MinEnzPro) were allocated. Probiotic, minerals, protease enzyme, and organic acids were included in diets at 0.2 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 5 g/kg, respectively. Diets promoted a similar feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Birds on MinEnz had the highest basophil content (2.04 × 109/L), while those on ZnB had the highest alanine aminotransferase (8.50 IU/L). Chickens on MinEnz had the heaviest spleens and the largest proventriculi. Meat from CON birds had the highest water holding capacity (22.32%) and cooking losses (27.15%). We concluded that the investigated combinations of feed additives could replace ZnB in broiler diets as they promoted similar growth performance and carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals New feed additives based on phytogenics and acidifiers in animal nutrition

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Sredanovic ◽  
O. Djuragic ◽  
D. Jakic ◽  
Lj. Levic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Low regulations for feed additives use, has been changed in EU as well as in our country, especially in use of antibiotics as growth promotors. Along years it has investigated an alternative for antibiotics as growth promotors. Essential oilsand organic acids are one of alternative feed, which acting in a few of the most important directions: as antioxidants, metabolic upgraders, growth promotors and development of pathogenic microorganizms controllers, including moulds and bacterias and as environmental protecting through control of amonia and nitrogen excretion. The objective of this paper was to determine the composition of essential oils in a commercial product which, in combination with the blend of organic acids may be used in poultry nutrition as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters and establish impacts on performance parameters in broilers and microbiological properties of feces. Obtained results showed that the product contained an essential oil in which over 75% of total mass account for 2-phenol-carvacrol and eugenol. Tested product has been found to have positive effects in reduced mortality (from 4,45% to 1,5%), higher body weight by 5,55% and decreased feed conversion by 9.9%. Significant positive effect has been shown in reduction of abdominal fat content, by 70%, and it can be concluded that product in question may be successfully used in poultry nutrition.

scholarly journals Effect of corn substitution with Enzymated apple pomace on broiler production performance and percentage internal organ of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Irfan H Djunaidi ◽  
Muharlien Muharlien ◽  
Yuli Frita Nuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

Corn is a feedstuff that use as a major component of energy sources and hard to be replaced other feedstuff in poultry ration, even its use is always above 45% in the composition of poultry feed. However, domestic maize availability is limited and the price is changes depend on season harvest time, and most of the availability for animal feed is still imported. Besides that, there is a ban on the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in poultry feed and drinking water effectively since January 2018, so an effort is needed to replace AGP with natural feed additives or Natural growth promoters (NGP). Based on the above conditions, it is necessary to make efforts to replace corn with local feed ingredients, one of which is apple extraction pomace (apple pomaces). The pomace of apple extraction, if left unchecked, will quickly rot so that it will potentially as an environmental pollutant. The potential of apple pomace extract can be used as a feed ingredient with high sugar and energy content (2300 kcal/kg BK). This research was conducted in the Field Laboratory of Sumber Sekar, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural Technology Laboratory, Brawijaya University. The experiment used 192 DOC broilers and placed them in 8 postal cages per replication. Research on Enzymanted apple pomaces (EAP) as a substitute for corn used a completely randomized design (CRD) P0: basal feed, P1: substitution of EAP 5%, P2: substitution of EAP 10%, P3: substitution of EAP 15%. The variables observed were the production performances include (feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ration) and the % internal organs. Based on the research, the results were not significantly different on the production performances and the % of organs in broilers. The use of apple pomaces can be used as a substitute for broiler feed up to a level of 15%.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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