Preparation and properties of multilayered polymer/nanodiamond composites via an in situ technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozina Ashraf ◽  
Ayesha Kausar ◽  
Muhammad Siddiq
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymer Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Exposed Surface Area

Abstract Compared to conventional materials, nanocomposites of conjugated polymers are found to have excellent performance due to a larger exposed surface area. In this study, polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTh) and polyazopyridine (PAP)/nanodiamonds (NDs) composites were efficiently synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization. Physical characteristics of fabricated nanocomposites were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR indicated layer-by-layer oxidative polymerization of various matrices on functional ND (F-ND) surfaces. FESEM revealed the fibrillar (web-like) morphology of multilayered nanocomposites having a granular arrangement of NDs. TGA of multilayered F-NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh showed 10% degradation at an enhanced temperature of 482°C compared with F-NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh (471°C). Improvement in glass transition of layered material was observed from 99°C (NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh) to 121°C (NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh). Functional filler also contributed towards the enhancement in the conductivity of NDs/PAP/PANi/PTh (5.7 S cm-1) relative to NDs/PANi/PPy/PTh (3.7 S cm-1) systems. New conducting composites are potentially important in various applications, including polymer lithium-ion batteries.

Influence of pyrrole feeding ratios on physicochemical characteristics of high-performance multilayered PPy/PVC/PDA@FG-NH2 nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1358-1382
Author(s):  
Asima Naz ◽  
Rabia Sattar ◽  
Muhammad Siddiq ◽  
Muhammad Abid Zia
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting And Crystallization ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanocomposites of conjugated polymers polypyrrole (PPy) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as matrices and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) as a linker with amine functional graphite (FG-NH2) as filler have been efficiently fabricated using in situ oxidative polymerization, and the effect of various mass ratios on physicochemical characteristics of prepared nanocomposite was investigated. The layer-by-layer oxidative polymerization of various matrices on host filler surface is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examinations. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed fibrillary morphology of obtained nanocomposites. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and melting and crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites were increased with the incorporation of modified graphite. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis explored the improved adsorption capacity (128 cm3 g−1) of the nanocomposite with higher feeding ratio of pyrrole. The influence of FG-NH2 and pyrrole on electrical conductivity performance of composites was also investigated. Functionalized graphite in the resultant PPy/PVC/PDA@FG-NH2 nanocomposites played an important role in forming conducting network in PPy matrix indicating synergistic effect between PPy and FG-NH2.

Synthesis of Spherical LiFePO4/C Composites as Cathode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries by a Novel Glucose Assisted Hydrothermal Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Feng Li ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Shu Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Discharge Capacity ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Structure Morphology

The LiFePO4/C composites with different morphology are synthesized by a novel glucose assisted hydrothermal method at various glucose concentrations (from 0 to 0.25mol/L) and the insoluble lithium source Li2CO3, (NH4)2Fe (SO4)2·6H2O and (NH4)2HPO4(n (Li):n (Fe):n (P)=1:1:1) are used as raw materials. The structure, morphology, thermal performance and electrochemical properties of the synthesized composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the LiFePO4/C synthesized with 0.125mol/L glucose has the relatively small particles size (0.1~0.5μm) and the well spherical morphology. The optimal sample exhibits a high discharge capacity of 160.0mAh/g at the first cycle and exhibits a good reversibility and stability in CV tests.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Interface Between the Bulk Glass Forming Alloy Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 with Pure Metals and Ceramics

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schroers ◽  
Konrad Samwer ◽  
Frigyes Szuecs ◽  
William L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Bulk Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The reaction of the bulk glass forming alloy Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 (Vit 1) with W, Ta, Mo, AlN, Al2O3, Si, graphite, and amorphous carbon was investigated. Vit 1 samples were melted and subsequently solidified after different processing times on discs of the different materials. Sessile drop examinations of the macroscopic wetting of Vit 1 on the discs as a function of temperature were carried out in situ with a digital optical camera. The reactions at the interfaces between the Vit 1 sample and the different disc materials were investigated with an electron microprobe. The structure and thermal stability of the processed Vit 1 samples were examined by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results are discussed in terms of possible applications for composite materials.

Study of Structural Changes in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in the In Situ Mode

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Novikov ◽  
A. E. Kim ◽  
K. A. Pushnitsa ◽  
Wang Quingsheng ◽  
M. Yu. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The new barium compound Ba4Al7+x: formation and crystal structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Prots ◽  
Felix Lange ◽  
Christina Drathen ◽  
Marcus Schmidt ◽  
Yuri Grin
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Laves Phases ◽  
X Ray

AbstractCombining laboratory X-ray powder diffraction with in-situ high-temperature synchrotron experiments and differential scanning calorimetry, it has been shown that Ba21Al40, Ba3Al5, Ba7Al10 and Ba4Al5 decompose peritectically at 914, 826, 756, and 732°C, respectively. In addition, a new binary compound with the composition Ba4Al7+x (x = 0.17) and the formation temperature of 841°C was found. The initial structural model (space group P63/mmc, a = 6.0807(1), c = 39.2828(8) Å) with four Ba and five Al crystallographic positions was developed. It is based on the intergrowth concept involving the neighboring Ba21Al40 and Ba3Al5 phases and the derived atomic arrangement is subsequently refined using X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structures of all phases in the Ba–Al system, except BaAl4, exhibit Kagomé nets of aluminum atoms resembling those observed for the B atoms in the Laves phases AB2. In the crystal structure of Ba4Al7+x, single Kagomé layers alternate with double slabs (MgZn2 motif) along [001] and are separated by Ba cations. Intergrowth features of Ba4Al7+x are discussed together with the neighboring Ba–Al compounds and Sr5Al9.

Crystal formation in vanadium-doped zirconia ceramics

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 3105-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
Roman Bulánek ◽  
Dušan Galusek ◽  
Roghayeh Hadidimasouleh ◽  
Yadolah Ganjkhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray

Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ X-ray diffraction analysis were used to study the products and mechanism of crystal formation in VOx–ZrO2 ceramics.

A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Lithiation Mechanism in ZnFe2O4 Anode Materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (14) ◽  
pp. 773-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Alison McCarthy ◽  
Kenneth J. Takeuchi ◽  
Esther S. Takeuchi ◽  
Amy C. Marschilok
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

ABSTRACTZnFe2O4 (ZFO) represents a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries, but there is still a lack of deep understanding of the fundamental reduction mechanism associated with this material. In this paper, the complete visualization of reduction/oxidation products irrespective of their crystallinity was achieved experimentally through a compilation of in situ X-ray diffraction, synchrotron based powder diffraction, and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure data. Complementary theoretical modelling study further shed light upon the fundamental understanding of the lithiation mechanism, especially at the early stage from ZnFe2O4 up to LixZnFe2O4 (x = 2).

In Situ High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Modified Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
T. Blanton ◽  
R. Seyler
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Pet Crystallization

The effect of dimethyl-5-sodiosulfoisophthalate, SIP, on poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, crystallization has been studied using in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction, HTXRD. At low levels of SIP modification, PET-like crystallinity was observed. At high SIP levels, clustering of polyester ionomers was observed and crystallization was significantly suppressed. The HTXRD data along with differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and small angle x-ray scattering, SAXS, indicate that the change from bulk crystallization to bulk ionomer formation occurred when 8-12 mol% of the diester linkages contained SIP.

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