Impact of foaming agent and nanoparticle fillers on the properties of irradiated rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Eyssa ◽  
Soma A. El Mogy ◽  
Hussein A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractA sponge rubber nanocomposite based on styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) or nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers with various foaming agent contents was produced by a simple technique, roll milling. The nanoparticles were examined by different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR). The sponge rubber nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis before and after exposures to radiation doses, as well as by the XRD patterns for the unirradiated samples. The different properties of the obtained nanocomposites, including their foaming degree, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal conductivity, were also investigated. The foam composites containing nano-CaCO3 possessed the best cell and crosslinking densities and mechanical properties among the other composites, while its foaming degree was the lowest. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity was reduced by increasing the foaming agent concentration. However, it increased as the radiation dose increased, and the optimum radiation dose was obtained at 75 kGy. The foam containing MMT exhibited an intermediate behavior while high thermal conductivity was recorded for the foam containing the CaCO3 nanoparticles.

Enhancement of styrene-butadiene rubber composites using kaolin covered with metal oxide pigments

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa H El-Sabbagh ◽  
Nivin M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Purpose – This paper aims to express in detail the rheological, morphological and thermal properties of unpigmented and pigmented styrene-butadiene rubber composites with new prepared inorganic pigment based on kaolin covered with a thin layer of calcium and magnesium oxides or mixed oxide of both together. These new pigments combine the properties of both their constituents (kaolin and metal oxides), which are a new trend in inorganic pigments called core-shell pigments. The pigments used for comparison are kaolin (K), CaO/kaolin (CaO/K), MgO/kaolin (MgO/K) and CaO.MgO/kaolin (CaO.MgO/K). Design/methodology/approach – The different pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy, while rubber vulcanizates' rheological, morphological, swelling and thermal properties were examined using different standard and instrumental testing and methods. Findings – The study revealed that there is a significant effect of the new prepared pigments on SBR properties, where the optimum pigment loading was 40 phr for CaO/kaolin, while it was 2.5 phr for MgO/kaolin. Studying the effect of different ratios of oxides on kaolin (5, 10 and 20 per cent), different loadings of these pigments ranging between 2.5 and 40 phr were done for each pigment. These modified kaolin or core-shell metal oxide/kaolin pigments imparted new and improved reinforcing properties to SBR vulcanizates. Research limitations/implications – No research limitations were found. Practical implications – Core-shell MgO/kaolin pigments are eco-friendly and can replace other expensive pigments that are usually used as fillers in the rubber industry with less expenses and comparable efficiency. Originality/value – These new pigments are cheap and efficient and can be used in different fields other than rubber.

scholarly journals Styrene-Based Elastomer Composites with Functionalized Graphene Oxide and Silica Nanofiber Fillers: Mechanical and Thermal Conductivity Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Jaehyeung Park ◽  
Jaswinder Sharma ◽  
Kyle W. Monaghan ◽  
Harry M. Meyer ◽  
David A. Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Mixing ◽  
Silica Nanofibers ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of two composite elastomers were studied. Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and silica nanofibers, and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) block copolymers filled with graphene oxide. For the SBR composites, GO fillers with two different surface functionalities were synthesized (cysteamine and dodecylamine) and dispersed in the SBR using mechanical and liquid mixing techniques. The hydrophilic cysteamine-based GO fillers were dispersed in the SBR by mechanical mixing, whereas the hydrophobic dodecylamine-based GO fillers were dispersed in the SBR by liquid mixing. Silica nanofibers (SnFs) were fabricated by electrospinning a sol–gel precursor solution. The surface chemistry of the functionalized fillers was studied in detail. The properties of the composites and the synergistic improvements between the GO and SnFs are presented. For the SBS composites, GO fillers were dispersed in the SBS elastomer at several weight percent loadings using liquid mixing. Characterization of the filler material and the composite elastomers was performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, nanoindentation, thermal conductivity and abrasion testing.

Chlorhexidine Adsorption in Hydroxyapatite and Alginate Microspheres by Extrusion in Zinc and Calcium Chloride

2016 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Mohammed Elmassalami Ayad ◽  
Daniel Navarro da Rocha ◽  
Andrea Machado Costa ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, the adsorption of a low-concentration solution of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antimicrobial drug, in hydroxyapatite (HA) and alginate microspheres was studied. The microspheres were formed by extrusion of a 1:10 mixture of alginate and HA in two different divalent solutions: CaCl2 and ZnCl2. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the microspheres adsorbed approximately half of the chlorhexidine in solution, which was initially at 0.2%. XRD patterns obtained prior adsorption confirmed the presence of HA as the only crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were performed before and after CHX adsorption. The spheres produced in CaCl2 solution did not show significant change after adsorption. However, samples obtained in ZnCl2 solution showed a different microstructure, with the presence of crystals with a high Zn concentration. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of ZnO in the samples after CHX absorption.

Effect of Chain Length of Amine and Nature and Loading of Clay on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Sadhu ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Polymer nanocomposite is one of the highly discussed research topics in recent time. In this paper, we have reported the preparation and the properties of different nanoclays based on sodium montmorillonite, bentonite and potassium montmorillonite and organic amines of varying chain lengths, and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)-clay nanocomposites. The clays and the rubber nanocomposites have been characterized with the help of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). X-ray results suggest that the intergallery distance is increased by incorporation of various amines. There is a great improvement in mechanical properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, work to break, and hysteresis on incorporation of nanoclay in SBR. TEM photographs show exfoliation of the clays in rubber to 5–10 nm range. The X-ray diffraction peak observed in the range of 3°– 10° for the control and the modified clays also disappears in rubber nanocomposites. Increasing chain length of clay modifiers and loading and nature of clays affect the mechanical and thermal properties significantly.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

scholarly journals MWCNTs/ZnO Nanofibers Fabrication, Properties and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Magda Dawy Badry
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Organic Precursor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zno Nanofibers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Electrospun MWCNTs nanofibers (CNF1, CNF2 and CNF3) with different concentrations of MWCNTs (0.3, 1.5, 2 wt%), respectively, were deposited on Aluminum foil substrates.  Also,Zinc AcetatedihydrateZn(CH3COO)2.2H2O (ZNF) and MWCNTs/zinc acetate (CZNF)nanofiberswere deposited on Aluminum foil substratesand annealed in the presence of oxygen at 400 oC. The resultant fibers were characterized using X-ray differaction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrophotometry (SEM,EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). SEM,EDX and FTIR exhibited a total decomposition of the organic precursor after calcination and formation of zinc oxide (ZONF and CZONF). The mean fiber diameter was found to be increased with increasing MWCNTs concentration and ranged 490-767 nm. XRD patterns indicated that ZnO was corundum with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size of ZONF and CZONF were determined by shurrer equation to be26 and  29.7  nm, respectively. The optical analysis indicated that the percentage transmittance increased after calcination.The band gap for the electrospun fibers before and after calcination was calculated. CZONF nanofibers have elec­trical properties similar to those of semiconductors. The testedcompounds CNF2, CNF3, CZNF and CZONF exhibited different activities against the bacteriaand yeast pathogen Candidaalbicans. CZNF compound is the most active against the bacteria and yeast pathogen. So, these compounds can be used as food packaging.  

scholarly journals Structural and thermoelectric properties of the Pr2Zr2O7 compound

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Adolfo Quiroz-Rodríguez ◽  
Cesia Guarneros-Aguilar ◽  
Ricardo Agustin-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, it is presented a detailed study of the structural and thermoelectric properties of the pyrochlore zirconium Pr2Zr2O7 compound prepared by solid-state reaction (SSR) in air at ambient pressure. The synthesized sample was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability of the thermoelectric compound (TE) Pr2Zr2O7 was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Scanning electron microscopy shows that the crystal size varies between 0.69 and 2.81μm. Electrical conductivity (\sigma) of the sample calcined at 1400 °C presented values increase irregularly with the increasing temperature from 0.001 to 0.018 S cm-1 as expected in a semiconductor material. The thermal conductivity is lower than 0.44 - 775 W m-1 K-1 which is quite anomalous in comparison with the thermal conductivity of other oxides.

Thermal conductivity of styrene butadiene rubber compounds with natural rubber prophylactics waste as filler

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Saxena ◽  
P. Pradeep ◽  
G. Mathew ◽  
S. Thomas ◽  
M. Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals Synthesis of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron (nZVI) Supported on Biochar for Chromium Remediation from Aqueous Solution and Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hongyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Zerovalent Iron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

Maize straw biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (MSB-nZVI) was prepared for efficient chromium (Cr) removal through alleviating the aggregation of zero-valent iron particles. The removal mechanism of MSB-nZVI was investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by MSB-nZVI was greatly affected by pH and initial concentration. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) decreased with increasing pH, and the removal kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. XRD patterns of MSB-nZVI before and after reaction showed that reduction and precipitation/co-precipitation (FeCr2O4, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) occurred with the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Fe(0) to Fe(II)/Fe(III). The produced precipitation/co-precipitation could be deposited on the MSB surface rather than being only coated on the surface of nZVI particles, which can alleviate passivation of nZVI. For remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated saline–alkali soil (pH 8.6–9.0, Cr 341 mg/kg), the released amount of Cr(VI) was 70.7 mg/kg, while it sharply decreased to 0.6–1.7 mg/kg at pH 4.0–8.0, indicating that the saline–alkali environment inhibited the remediation efficiency. These results show that MSB-nZVI can be used as an effective material for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution and contaminated soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document