Numerical study of Ti/Al/Mg three-layer plates on the interface behavior in explosive welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Liu ◽  
Wenxian Wang ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Effective Plastic Strain ◽  
Collision Point

AbstractIn this study, a finite element model of the explosive welding process of three-layer plates composed of Ti/Al/Mg was established, and the interfacial behaviors of three-layer plates were researched. We investigated the influences that affect the quality of explosive bonding and explored the influence factors of variable physical parameters in the simulation. The finite difference engineering package AUTODYN with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method has been used to model the collision in this work. The von Mises strength model was used to describe the behavior of Ti/Al/Mg composite plates. Wave morphology on the Al/Mg interface and straight morphology on the Ti/Al interface were produced in this study; meanwhile, jet phenomenon occurred obviously in the simulation process. The contours of velocity, pressure, shear stress, and effective plastic strain of Ti/Al/Mg were also discussed. The result of X-direction velocity showed a delay in time and location of collision point between the Ti/Al and the Al/Mg interface. The detonation point was the minimum pressure, and the collision point was the maximum pressure compared with other sections. The value of effective plastic strain must exceed a threshold to obtain a good bonding, and the shear stress was of opposite sign in the simulation.

Numerical study on the interfacial behavior of Mg/Al plate in explosive/impact welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Yuan ◽  
Wenxian Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Cao ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Ruishan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Effective Plastic Strain ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics

AbstractIn this study, the process of explosive welding of Mg/Al plate is represented, and the interfacial behavior of two metals is researched. The objective of this work is to investigate the factors that affect the quality of explosive bonding and the distribution of physical parameters on the collision. A finite difference engineering package with smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is used to model the oblique impact of a thin flyer plate (Al) on a relatively thick base plate (Mg). Wavy interface and jetting phenomenon, which existed in the experiment, are well reproduced in the simulation. The contours of pressure, shear stress, velocity, and effective plastic strain of magnesium and aluminum are also distinctly described. The bonding turns out to be a possible solid-state welding process. The effective plastic strain exceeds a minimum value, and the shear stress is just the opposite sign in this simulation where available bonding occurred. Wave formation appears to be the result of variation in the velocity distribution on the interface and periodic disturbances of magnesium and aluminum. A transition from straight to wave occurs along the interface. High values of plastic strain of two metals are predicted on the interface.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Studies on Preparation of Thin AZ31B/AA5052 Composite Plates Using Improved Explosive Welding Technique

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xuejiao Li ◽  
Biming Shi ◽  
Yong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Welding Technique

In this work, an improved explosive welding technique was investigated to fabricate a thin Mg/Al plate, where an additional thin aluminum sheet was used as a buffer layer between the explosive and the Al plate, and the Mg plate was rigidly constrained by a steel plate to avoid excessive deformation. Moreover, the welding parameters were optimized using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the interfacial behavior was simulated using the SPH method. The bonding properties of the achieved joints were investigated using microstructure observation and mechanical tests. It was concluded that this technique is an effective method for producing a thin Mg/Al composite plate. In both morphology observation and mechanical tests, an excellent bonding quality was confirmed. In addition, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation revealed an extreme condition of local high temperature and plastic strain in the welding process, and the characteristic parameters of waves obtained using simulation are well congruous with the experiment.

An experimental and numerical investigation on impact spot welding of metallic plates using gas mixture detonation technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072098232
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Hashem Babaei ◽  
Tohid Mirzababaie Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Equivalent Plastic Strain ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Base Plates ◽  
Metallic Plates

In this paper, the impact spot welding of metallic plates was investigated both experimentally and numerically using a single-stage gas mixture detonation apparatus. The impact spot welding process was carried out on aluminum alloy and steel materials using rigid steel projectiles. In this process, the mixture of oxygen and acetylene was detonated in a combustion chamber to launch the projectile. The masses of flat- and spherical-nosed projectiles were 270 and 230 g, respectively. The impact velocity was measured in all experiments. The cross-sections of the weld spots were inspired by a scanning electron microscope to assess the quality of welding. For several experiments, wavy interfaces were observed showing there is a good bonding. For numerical simulation of the process, Abaqus/Explicit software was used and the deformation and failure mechanisms of impact spot-welded specimens were further investigated. The Johnson–Cook thermoplasticity model along with its failure model was utilized to predict the behavior of metallic materials. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with those obtained from experiments in terms of the deformation mode and failure pattern. The propagation of the wave on the surface of the flyer plate was further studied. The results showed that the stress waves start from the center and propagate to the corners of the plate. To numerically evaluate the welding quality, two parameters of the shear stress at the collision point as well as the equivalent plastic strain for the flyer and target plates were obtained in the numerical simulation. The numerical results showed opposite directions of shear stress for flyer and base plates at the contact point, which can be used as proof for good bonding. Besides, the magnitudes of the equivalent plastic strain for both flyer and base plates were higher than those reported values in the open literature that confirms successful welding.

Microstructure and Characterization of Ti-Al Explosive Welding Composite Plate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-xiong Bi ◽  
Xue-jiao Li ◽  
Ting-zhao Zhang ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Kai Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Al Composite

Abstract In order to study the interface characteristics and microstructure formation of Ti-Al composite plate, explosive welding was carried out with TA2 titanium as the fly plate and 5083 aluminums as the base plate. Optical microscope and electron microscope were used to analyze the microstructure of intermetallic compounds. SPH method was used to simulate the welding process of composite plates. The formation conditions and initial defects of intermetallic compounds were analyzed. The results show that most of the melted metal in the wave-front stays in the wave-waist region, and there was a relative velocity difference between the vortex and the titanium tissue, which led to the existence of small pieces of fragmentation. The outer layer of the vortex had higher velocity than the inner layer. The formation of Ti3Al, its antioxidant capacity wound lead to the formation of cracks. The temperature of outer vortex was higher than that of inner vortex, and the vortex has a transition layer of 5 μm, which is thinner than the transition layer of 8 μm between cladding plate and substrate. The jet was mostly composed of aluminum metal, and the interface jet velocity reaches 3000 m·s-1 and the interface temperature reaches up to 2100 K. Compared with the molten metal in the wave-back vortex, the jet temperature at the interface was higher, resulting in a thicker transition layer at the bonding surface. The residual stress at the interface wound cause the density of the material to increase.

Numerical Studies of Explosive Welding of Three-Layer Cylinder Composites-Part 2

2008 ◽  
Vol 580-582 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiyed Ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Bond Interface ◽  
Localized Plastic Deformation ◽  
Dynamic Angle

Finite element simulations of the experimental tests to explosively weld three layers of Al5056, Al6061 and SS304L tube composites, using various stand-off distances and explosive ratios, are presented in this study. The Williamsburg equations of state and Johnson-Cook constitutive equations were used to describe the behaviors of the explosive and the tubes, respectively. In this paper, the external parameters (dynamic angle and collision velocity) are related to the physical parameters (shear stress and plastic strain). The numerical results showed that very high localized plastic deformation was produced at the bond interface. Moreover, it was found that the shear stress magnitude and signs can provide the necessary criteria for bonding. In addition, the sufficient criterion for bonding was found to be the magnitude of the plastic strain produced at the collision point. The new welding window based on the internal parameters is proposed.

scholarly journals Significance of Slippage and Electric Field in Mucociliary Transport of Biomagnetic Fluid

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sufian Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Slippage Effect ◽  
Channel Surface ◽  
Electro Osmosis ◽  
Biomagnetic Fluid ◽  
Velocity Pressure ◽  
Metachronal Waves

Shear stress at the cilia wall is considered as an imperative factor that affects the efficiency of cilia beatings as it describes the momentum transfer between the fluid and the cilia. We consider a visco-inelastic Prandtl fluid in a ciliated channel under electro-osmotic pumping and the slippage effect at cilia surface. Cilia beating is responsible for the stimulation of the flow in the channel. Evenly distributed cilia tend to move in a coordinated rhythm to mobilize propulsive metachronal waves along the channel surface by achieving elliptic trajectory movements in the flow direction. After using lubrication approximations, the governing equations are solved by the perturbation method. The pressure rise per metachronal wavelength is obtained by numerically integrating the expression. The effects of the physical parameters of interest on various flow quantities, such as velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, stream function, and shear stress at the ciliated wall, are discussed through graphs. The analysis reveals that the axial velocity is enhanced by escalating the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity and the electro-osmosis effects near the elastic wall. The shear stress at the ciliated boundary elevates with an increase in the cilia length and the eccentricity of the cilia structure.

scholarly journals A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
José R. González ◽  
Charbel Damião ◽  
Maira Moran ◽  
Cristina A. Pantaleão ◽  
Rubens A. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Wide Range

According to experts and medical literature, healthy thyroids and thyroids containing benign nodules tend to be less inflamed and less active than those with malignant nodules. It seems to be a consensus that malignant nodules have more blood veins and more blood circulation. This may be related to the maintenance of the nodule’s heat at a higher level compared with neighboring tissues. If the internal heat modifies the skin radiation, then it could be detected by infrared sensors. The goal of this work is the investigation of the factors that allow this detection, and the possible relation with any pattern referent to nodule malignancy. We aim to consider a wide range of factors, so a great number of numerical simulations of the heat transfer in the region under analysis, based on the Finite Element method, are performed to study the influence of each nodule and patient characteristics on the infrared sensor acquisition. To do so, the protocol for infrared thyroid examination used in our university’s hospital is simulated in the numerical study. This protocol presents two phases. In the first one, the body under observation is in steady state. In the second one, it is submitted to thermal stress (transient state). Both are simulated in order to verify if it is possible (by infrared sensors) to identify different behavior referent to malignant nodules. Moreover, when the simulation indicates possible important aspects, patients with and without similar characteristics are examined to confirm such influences. The results show that the tissues between skin and thyroid, as well as the nodule size, have an influence on superficial temperatures. Other thermal parameters of thyroid nodules show little influence on surface infrared emissions, for instance, those related to the vascularization of the nodule. All details of the physical parameters used in the simulations, characteristics of the real nodules and thermal examinations are publicly available, allowing these simulations to be compared with other types of heat transfer solutions and infrared examination protocols. Among the main contributions of this work, we highlight the simulation of the possible range of parameters, and definition of the simulation approach for mapping the used infrared protocol, promoting the investigation of a possible relation between the heat transfer process and the data obtained by infrared acquisitions.

A Finite Element Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Strenkowski ◽  
J. T. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Effective Plastic Strain ◽  
Orthogonal Metal Cutting ◽  
Chip Separation ◽  
Chip Geometry

A finite element model of orthogonal metal cutting is described. The paper introduces a new chip separation criterion based on the effective plastic strain in the workpiece. Several cutting parameters that are often neglected in simplified metal-cutting models are included, such as elastic-plastic material properties of both the workpiece and tool, friction along the tool rake face, and geometry of the cutting edge and workpiece. The model predicts chip geometry, residual stresses in the workpiece, and tool stresses and forces, without any reliance on empirical metal cutting data. The paper demonstrates that use of a chip separation criterion based on effective plastic strain is essential in predicting chip geometry and residual stresses with the finite element method.

Explosive Welding of SS304 and Al6061 Using Copper as Interlayer – Development of Trial Methodology and its Optimisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Niraj Srivastava ◽  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Diva ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Flyer Plate ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Al 6061 ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
Copper Interlayer ◽  
Weldability Window ◽  
The Impact

This paper explains the technique of explosive welding for joining SS304 and Al 6061 using Copper interlayer. The joining was done in two stages. In the first stage SS304 (thickness: 20 mm) was joined to Copper (thickness: 3mm). Second stage involved joining of SS-Cu plate to Al 6061 (thickness: 8 mm).The paper presents detailed discussion on important parameters required for explosive welded process. The most important parameter is minimum and maximum flyer plate velocity required for creating the impact. Collision angle and angle of impact are also discussed. Another important parameter is the Velocity of detonation (VOD) of explosive to be used. The explosives used have VOD of the order of 2500 m/s and 1600 m/sec. Since the explosive welding process involves formation of jet between two surface, therefore surface conditions of the base and flyer plate like its flatness, roughness and cleanliness which are very critical for proper joining have been discussed in this paper. Chisel test (which is considered to be most rugged test) was conducted on the joint. The test confirmed successful joining.The paper explains how use of trimonite expands the weldability window in comparison to NGU when used for direct SS to Al alloy welding.It also compares the results obtained by use of two different powder explosives to obtain the same tri-layered plate via two different routes. The results are particularly interesting because both the explosives have substantial difference in their properties such as Velocity of Detonation, Gurney Characteristic Velocity, density and homogeneity which can be used as advantages from different angles of views.

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