scholarly journals The arbre-tree sign: Pictures and words in counterpoint in the Cours de linguistique générale

Semiotica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (217) ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
General Linguistics

AbstractIn his three courses of lectures on general linguistics given between 1907 and 1911, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) sometimes drew diagrams and figures on the chalkboard to add a visual dimension to the novel and challenging theoretical concepts he was laying out. Those which the editors redrew for inclusion in the Cours de linguistique générale (1916) – in some cases with significant changes – have had a surprisingly strong impact on readers ever since. If Saussure hoped that the drawings would clear up ambiguities in his verbal text, he might have been disappointed; for while they extend a hand to students and readers to guide them into his conceptual world via the stepping-stones of the semi-familiar, accessible and concrete, they have opened up whole new realms of ambiguity, and strengthened the ones already present in the verbal text. This article examines seven of the illustrations or sets of illustrations in the CLG and the various interpretations to which they have given or could give rise, treating these not as erroneous but as contrapuntal to the text when the two appear to be in contradiction.

scholarly journals Biomedical knowledge in Mexico during the Cold War and its impact in pictorial representations of Homo sapiens and racial hierarchies

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-244
Author(s):  
Erica Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Race And Racialization ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the state of Mexican genetics and biomedical knowledge during the second half of the twentieth century, as well as its impact on the visual representation of human groups and racial hierarchies, based on social studies of scientific imaging and visualization (SIV) and theoretical concepts and methods. It also addresses the genealogy and shifts of the concept of race and racialization of Mexican bodies, concluding with the novel visual culture that resulted from genetic knowledge merged with the racist phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century in Mexico.

On Stepping Stones and Other Calamities of Marxist Historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-244
Author(s):  
Heide Gerstenberger
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Theoretical Concepts

Abstract Historical research is always in danger of being made use of for explaining and illustrating instead of testing one’s theoretical conceptions. Since Marxist historical research has certainly not been exempt from this temptation, one has to start any debate about Marxist historiography with the demand to accord empirical research the chance to shake even the cornerstones of one’s own theoretical conceptions. In a paper that has triggered off a new discussion on ‘Political Marxism’, Samuel Knafo and Benno Teschke insist on such a practice. In what follows I try to position the ongoing discussion in the wider context of theoretical concepts of Marxist historiography.

scholarly journals Menjadi Korban yang Disalahkan dalam Novel Permata dalam Lumpur Karya Satria Nova dan Nur Huda

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Eva Fauziyanti Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure

Surabaya is the second largest city after Jakarta, as the second largest city, Surabaya is a densely populated area, can be found various kinds of informal economic activities that have existed since colonial times, ranging from street vendors to prostitution. Dolly is an exclusive area located in Surabaya. This region is tehe largest prostitution in Indonesia, even beating in Southeast Asia. Research on the Permata In the Mud novel by Satria Nova and Nur Huda focuses on the representation of the meaning of violence on prostitutes, to lead us to a thought that criticizes every form of violence against women. This research method is a qualitative analysis, using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis, which looks at markers and markers. The data used in the form of texts that describe violence against prostitutes in the novel Permata Dalam Lumpur, which is read repeatedly. The results found several meanings of violence on prostitutes obtained from several chapters. The results showed that the Permata novel in the mud contained the meaning of violence on prostitutes. In this study also found that one commercial sex worker is a victim of a pimp. Keywords: Ferdinand de Saussure; novel; semiotics; violence against prostitutes

French Influences on Saussure

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
General Linguistics

0.1 For some ten years now, it has been my claim that it was through linguistic writings of his time, and not through extra-linguistic publications, that Saussure’s views took shape. This is not to say that there was no influence on him from disciplines other than linguistics, but this kind of influence was due to what I have termed the “climate of opinion” of the period, and it remained largely at the surface of things, certain frequently reiterated claims of a strong impact of Durkheim’s sociology, Tarde’s as well as Walras’ political economy, etc. notwithstanding (cf. Rijlaarsdam 1978: 260-64; Bierbach 1978 passim). Saussure’s acquaintance with disciplines outside linguistics, I maintain, was at best second-hand and remained superficial. This is not only true of the psychologism underlying his theoretical argument, a psychologism found elsewhere in the linguistic literature (e.g., Paul 1880, 1909; Baudouin de Courtenay 1894), but also of his sociologism, his repeated statement that language was a “fait social”. In short, if we want to place Saussure’s theory of language-and of linguistics for that matter-in an epistemological context, we would do better by acquainting ourselves with the linguistic literature of his day rather than deducing from certain superficial similarities and terminological borrowings a direct influence of a field outside the study of language on Saussure’s linguistic reasoning. (We should remember that Saussure never wrote a book on general linguistics, but that he was trying, through comparisons, metaphors, and references to what was general knowledge of his day, to convey his largely novel ideas to twenty-year-old students.)

scholarly journals SEXUAL ABUSE IN LAURIE HALSE ANDERSON’S NOVEL SPEAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Dwi Anggriani ◽  
M. Amrin Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This paper discusses the impacts of sexual abuse found in the novel Speak which has been selected as the source of data because this novel has a strong impact on sexual abuse victim. The story is about a female teenager who becomes a victim of abuse and it gives her many impacts. The aims of this study are to find out and analyze the impacts of sexual abuse and is conducted based on the concept of sexual abuse, a crime related to sexuality and more specifically related to male and female sexuality. Sexual abuse can include sexual harassment and sexual assault. Sexual abuse is an act that can harm and damage the victims with physical, psychological, sexual and even emotional impacts.  This study applies descriptive qualitative method which collects the data taken from the novel that has been read. The result of the study shows that there are three forms of sexual abuse impacts: physical, psychological and behavioral.

scholarly journals Ferdinand de Saussure

Linguistics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin Poetry ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Sign Theory ◽  
Textual Study ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Leipzig

Ferdinand de Saussure (b. 1857–d. 1913) is acknowledged as the founder of modern linguistics and semiology, and as having laid the groundwork for structuralism and post-structuralism. Born and educated in Geneva, in 1876 he went to the University of Leipzig, where he received a doctorate in 1881. While a student there he published the Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indo-européennes (1879), which radically reimagined how the original Indo-European vowel system might be reconstructed. During the 1880s Saussure was lecturer in Gothic and Old High German at the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris, and served as adjunct secretary of the Société de Linguistique de Paris and was responsible for the Société’s publications in which a number of his own papers appeared. He also began, but abandoned, several more ambitious projects. In 1891 he returned to Geneva to take up a chair in Sanskrit and comparative Indo-European philology. He began another project on the “double essence” of language that was never completed. His papers on Lithuanian accentuation from this period would earn recognition for “Saussure’s Law,” which applies to historical accent shifts in a particular category of Lithuanian words. The next decade saw him devote his attention to various topics, including local toponyms around Geneva, legends of the Germanic peoples who had settled in the area, and finally the search for anagrams in Greek and Latin poetry, but no publications resulted. In 1907 he was given responsibility for the university’s course in general linguistics, a course meant for students who lacked sufficient grounding in any ancient or medieval language to do in-depth textual study, which was all Saussure had experience in teaching. Restructuring the course each of the three times he gave it, he brought in sign theory and other aspects of the grammaire générale tradition in which he himself had been taught (see John E. Joseph, Saussure [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012]) but that linguists had laid aside and forgotten in the intervening decades. Soon after his death in 1913, his colleagues Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye, appreciating the extraordinary nature of his lectures, began gathering his manuscript notes and the notebooks of his students. From these they fashioned the Cours de linguistique générale (Course in general linguistics), published in 1916. It would become one of the most influential books of the 20th century, not just for linguistics but also across many realms of intellectual endeavor. Many previously unpublished texts by Saussure have been appearing in recent years, principally in the volumes of the Cahiers Ferdinand de Saussure. Various projects are under way for making photographic reproductions of the manuscript material online.

scholarly journals "But you're Indian!" Cultural Hybridity and Assimilation in The Namesake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sura Mohammad Khrais
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Jhumpa Lahiri

This paper is a study of the cultural struggle and conflict survived by the protagonists in The Namesake (2003) by Jhumpa Lahiri as they move from their native land to America. It is an application of the theoretical concepts of hybridity and assimilation, as discussed in post-colonial criticism by critics such as Homi Bhabha. The researcher will discuss how the three main characters finally manage to develop new anti-monolithic models of cultural growth and exchange. As a result, they succeed in embracing a new culture while protecting their Bengali heritage. The novel depicts the life of an Indian couple (Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli) who settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1968. It describes the cultural challenges the heroine faces as she struggles to accommodate to a new Western society. Ashima clings tightly to her Bengali roots and identity, a fact which becomes apparent through the dilemma caused over naming their first baby. However, to survive the challenges of Massachusetts' society, Ashima welcomes its culture to a certain extent. Thus, she succeeds in overcoming feelings of loneliness and displacement. On the other hand, Ashoke's adjustment is less complicated. Although he copes with the new Western life faster, his respect for his native traditions is daily observed. His resentment of his children's attempt to give up their native identity is heartbreaking. Early in the novel, Gogol rejects symbols of his Indian culture, and later he repudiates his parents' style of life. Finally and after his father's death, Gogol's personal growth is associated not only with him welcoming his native culture, but also embracing both cultures in an excellent example of cultural hybridity.

scholarly journals Small RNA-Seq reveals novel miRNAs shaping the transcriptomic identity of rat brain structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. e201800018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Soula ◽  
Mélissa Valere ◽  
María-José López-González ◽  
Vicky Ury-Thiery ◽  
Alexis Groppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Functional Identities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rat Cns

In the central nervous system (CNS), miRNAs are involved in key functions, such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, they are essential to define specific transcriptomes in tissues and cells. However, few studies were performed to determine the miRNome of the different structures of the rat CNS, although a major model in neuroscience. Here, we determined by small RNA-Seq, the miRNome of the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus, the cortex, the striatum, and the spinal cord and showed the expression of 365 known miRNAs and 90 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that several miRNAs were specifically enriched/depleted in these CNS structures. Transcriptome analysis by mRNA-Seq and correlation based on miRNA target predictions suggest that the specifically enriched/depleted miRNAs have a strong impact on the transcriptomic identity of the CNS structures. Altogether, these results suggest the critical role played by these enriched/depleted miRNAs, in particular the novel miRNAs, in the functional identities of CNS structures.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY OF TEENAGERS TOWARD THE CATEGORIES OF GENDER IN LANGSA KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Cut Kania Annissa Jingga Muti ◽  
Nisa Faradilla ◽  
Sarah Ziehan Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Gender ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Social Part

ABSTRAKSociolinguistics is a study or discussion of language related to the language Sociolinguistics consists of two elements of the word that is socio and linguistics. Linguistics is the study of language, especially the elements of language (speech, word, sentence) and the relationship between speakers who are part of the members of society.Sociolinguistics places the position of language in relation to its use in society. This means that sociolinguistics views language as primarily a social system and communication system, and is part of a particular society and culture. Hence language and use of language are not observed individually but are always associated with their activities in society.Every human being born into the world is elected into two types, women and men. Gender refers to differences in male and female characters based on cultural construction, relating to the nature of their status, position, and role in society as well as socially-culturally constructed gender differences.In sociolinguistics, language and gender have a very close relationship. There is the phrase "why do women talk differently from men?" In other words, we are concerned with several factors that make women prefer to use standard language compared to men. In this regard, it is worth examining the language as a social part, a deed of value, reflecting the complexity of social networks, politics, culture, and age and society relations.language ideology is ideas and beliefs about what a language is, how it works and how it should work, which are widely accepted in particular communities and which can be shown to be consequential for the way languages are both used and judged in the actual social practice of those communities. In the community of western intellectuals, for instance, one key language ideology is inherited from the tradition of ideas whose major exponents include John Locke (in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding) and Ferdinand de Saussure (in the reconstructed and posthumously published work whose English translation is titled A Course in General Linguistics). In this tradition, signs (or words they are usually treated as being the same thing) stand for ideas, language is the means for conveying those ideas from one mind to another, and the process is underwritten by a sort of social contract, whereby speakers of a given language agree to make the same signs stand for the same ideas.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Konsep Linguistik Ferdinand De Saussure dan Abdul Qāhir al-Jurjānī: Kajian Konseptual

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Mukhotob Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
General Context ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Library Research ◽  
College Class

Previous scholars in linguistics study have focused only on theory proposed by European linguists, one of them is Ferdinand De Saussure from Swiss. However, long before Saussure’s concept has been popularized, in the fourth century Arab world has already had concept of linguistics initiated by Abdul Qāhir al-Jurjāni. Embarked upon a study on language construction of Al-Qur'an, he extended the concept to general context including Arabic literature. This current study compared Al-Jurjāni and Saussure theoretical concepts by employing library research. The main sources were taken from Dalailul i'jaz authored by Al-Jurjāni and Course in Gerenal Linguistics written by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehay taken from their notes in Saussure’s college class. The findings reveal the sameness of linguistics concept between Saussure and Al- Jurjāni namely langue-parole vs Lughah-Kalam, Significant-Signifier vs lafal-makna, and Syntagmatic-Paradigmatic vs an-nadzm- al-Ikhtiār.

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