Narration and the experience of history

Semiotica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (219) ◽  
pp. 511-528
Author(s):  
Roberto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Vicarious Experience ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Textual Basis ◽  
Positive Knowledge ◽  
Conquest Of Mexico

AbstractFor a long time, history has been conceived as a textual fact, whether as positive knowledge of the past, reported in chronicles and original sources, or through acknowledgment of its textual basis, assumed as historiography, as narrative history. In either case, the text appears as the source and goal of knowledge, and has assumed the nature of an immutable monument, an invariable object of reference and information. These texts are limited to constituting a regulatory storehouse of knowledge, a mere object of appropriation. In contrast, we can consider history not just as knowledge enclosed in textual containers, but as experience inscribed in peoples´ memory. This is what Mexican historian Edmundo O’Gorman suggests with his proposal to consider history as readers formulating their own versions of the past. Through these proposals, semiotics is in a position to describe the role of texts in the production of a vicarious experience of history through the act of reading. This paper provides examples taken from accounts of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico and proposes a semiotic interpretation of the experience of history.

scholarly journals Miejsce i rola kobiety w rodzinie na przestrzeni wieków. Od Antyku po I wojnę światową. Zarys problematyki

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Rafał Kamprowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Time History ◽  
Women's Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The One

For a long time, history of women was not in the mainstream of interest. The interest for this topic was not shown untill the twentieth century. The aim of this paper is to present a long and difficult struggle to gain the status similar to the one women have nowadays. It is difficult to understand the present reality without going back to the past. The role of women is undergoing a lot of changes all the time. This subject is a huge field for research. The article attempts to give a summary of publications which deal with women’s issues.

scholarly journals Psychological and biological background of the interaction between psoriasis and stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (24) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. János Kálmán ◽  
Xénia Gonda ◽  
Lajos Kemény ◽  
Zoltán Rihmer ◽  
Zoltán Janka
Keyword(s):  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stress Perception ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Long Time

Stress is considered as a major contributor to the development and exacerbation of psoriasis by a significant proportion of patients and dermatologists. As both stressor and its effects are subject-dependent, thus extremely difficult to measure, our understanding of the exact role of stress in disease development was limited for a long time. In the past decade several new studies were carried out which expanded our knowledge on the pathophysiologic processes linking stress to psoriasis via with their objective measurements and the applied new techniques. The authors review the current literature of both psychological (alexithymia, personality, affect) and biological (cortisol, epinephrine, neurogenic inflammation) factors influencing stress perception and response in psoriasis. Results of recent investigations support previous reports about the interaction between stress and psoriasis with objective evidence. Knowing how effective stress-reducing psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions are in the treatment of psoriasis the authors hope that this review contributes to a wider acceptance of the psychosomatic attitude in everyday dermatologic practice. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(24), 939–948.

De (on) Verklaarbaarheid Van Fossilisatie

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Past Tenses ◽  
Different Levels

In the literature about fossilization, several definitions have been given and several explanations have been suggested for this phenomenon. I see fossilization as a long-time stagnation in the T2 learning process, leading to errors based on transfer. Fossilization is caused by sociolinguistic, pyscholinguistic and purely linguistic factors. In this paper I concentrate on the acquisition of syntactic structures and on the role of input and instruction in that process. I argue that, although in the acquisition of some syntactic structures, UG plays an important role, this does not account for the whole learning process: learners have not only to reset parameters when acquiring T2 but have to proceduralize knowledge based on the surface structure of sentences. In the case of the use of past tenses in French, many of the Dutch advanced learners of three different levels of proficiency do not acquire native-like intuitions about the use of these tenses, although input as well as instruction are thorough on this point. I suggest that the past tense system is not UG-dependent and that the instruction does not allow proceduralization of the knowledge.

scholarly journals Neural Control of Immunity in Hypertension: Council on Hypertension Mid Career Award for Research Excellence, 2019

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
Daniela Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain

The nervous system and the immune system share the common ability to exert gatekeeper roles at the interfaces between internal and external environment. Although interaction between these 2 evolutionarily highly conserved systems has been recognized for long time, the investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their crosstalk has been tackled only in recent decades. Recent work of the past years elucidated how the autonomic nervous system controls the splenic immunity recruited by hypertensive challenges. This review will focus on the neural mechanisms regulating the immune response and the role of this neuroimmune crosstalk in hypertension. In this context, the review highlights the components of the brain-spleen axis with a focus on the neuroimmune interface established in the spleen, where neural signals shape the immune response recruited to target organs of high blood pressure.

Oxidants and antioxidative defense

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Grune
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Doses

The role of oxygen free radicals and other oxidants in several diseases has been well established over the past decade. Whereas it was long known that high doses of oxidants may damage or kill cells, the effect of low doses or long-time exposure to small flux rates of oxidants have been the focus of the free radical research until now. Here one has to take into account that most physiological and pathophysiological actions of oxidants and free radicals are based on the permanent action of small doses and flux rates. This includes effects of oxidants on signal transduction pathways and gene expression patterns. Therefore, only a few answers can be given today on the relevance of the effects of low doses of oxidants.

Role of the maternal microbiome in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
M. E. ZHELEZOVA ◽  
◽  
B. K. BEKTUR ◽  
R. I. SHARIPOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Severe Manifestation ◽  
Pathological Pregnancy ◽  
Modern Russian

The purpose — to conduct a systematic analysis of the modern Russian and foreign publications on the role of microbiome in preeclampsia pathogenesis. Material and methods. Analysis of the modern Russian and foreign publications over the past eight years on the PubMed platform, systematic reviews of Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted. Results. Preeclampsia is a severe manifestation of placental dysfunction resulting from angiogenic imbalance and inflammation. For a long time, the «sterile uterus» paradigm rejected the possible role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy. The introduction of new molecular genetics diagnostic methods made it possible to confirm the presence of bacterial communities in the uterus, placenta and amniotic fluid. The physiological microbiome maintains gravidar homeostasis, but dysbiosis in various niches is a potential cause of inflammation and can lead to pathological pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labor and preeclampsia. Conclusion. The microbiome of the oral cavity, intestines, vagina, uterus and placenta may play a certain role in the preeclampsia pathogenesis.

Exploring exploration: the role of affective states as forces that hinder change

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Stefano Brusoni ◽  
Daniella Laureiro-Martínez ◽  
Nicola Canessa ◽  
Maurizio Zollo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Negative Affective States

Abstract In this article we argue that in order to understand failure or success in adapting to environmental change, we should better understand why people hesitate to pursue novel choices. This article asks: what forces hinder individuals’ exploration choices of different alternatives, and hence their ability to learn from them? To answer this question, this article looks to the cognitive sciences to identify a set of plausible mechanisms that hinder people’s tendency to explore. So far, “exploration” has been studied as a relatively monolithic behavior. Instead, we propose that exploration can be characterized in terms of some distinctive forces behind it. On one hand, agents experience “attachment” to choices that proved successful in the past, and hence comfort when sticking with them. On the other hand, they also experience concerns about less familiar options, as they lack knowledge about “distant” choices that have not been tried for a long time, or ever. We propose that high attachment is related to anxiety, and high distance to fear. Both these negative affective states hinder exploration. We find and discuss preliminary and tentative evidence of this effect.

scholarly journals Long-time persistence of hydrodynamic memory boosts microparticle transport

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Lee Seyler ◽  
Steve Pressé
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Algebraic Decay ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Fluid Coupling ◽  
Motion Capturing ◽  
Insight Into

In a viscous fluid, the past motion of an accelerating particle is retained as an imprint on the vorticity field, which decays slowly as t−3/2. At low Reynolds number, the Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen (BBO) equation correctly describes nonuniform particle motion, capturing hydrodynamic memory effects associated with this slow algebraic decay. Using the BBO equation, we numerically simulate driven single-particle transport to show that memory effects persist indefinitely under rather general driving conditions. In particular, when driving forces do not vary smoothly, hydrodynamic memory substantially lowers the effective transport friction. Remarkably, this enables coasting over a spatially uneven potential that otherwise traps particles modeled with pure Stokes drag. Our results provide direct physical insight into role of particle-fluid coupling in nonequilibrium microparticle transport.

scholarly journals THE ART OF NOVELLA BY IHARA SAIKAKU (TRADITIONS AND NATIONAL SPECIFICITY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-831
Author(s):  
Gulnorakhon Bakhtiyorjon Qizi Qosimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cultural Sphere

Literature, as any type of panhuman activity, has its own canons and patterns that have been mastered and expanded by the classic writers of all nations of the worldover the centuries.In particular, Japanese literature is characterized by reliance on traditions, the active use of historical experience of previous periods literature and redefinition of the past, as well as an original and innovative point of view on reality.It is known that in the East the role of traditions has always been very important. Social behavior, the need to adhere to national traditions in the formation of the consciousness of each individual. Undoubtedly, this also applies to the cultural sphere of Japanese life, especially the work of writers. Direct references to past sources in the creative process were considered as important criteria in assessing the value of the work, and for a long time it was an indicator of the author’s level and extensive knowledge. The paper covers the role of literature traditions, the principles of interpretations classical Japanese and Chinese literary sources in the works of a talented representative of Japanese literature of the seventeenthcentury Ihara Saikaku. For this purpose, a selection of the interpreted works of the author and their analysis with a number of classical primary sources of Japanese and Chinese literature has been made. Through the analysis, the principles of redefinition, an innovative interpretation of examples of Japanese and Chinese literature of the past, as well as shifts in the system of artistic representations of that time have been revealed.

scholarly journals Canonical Generations and the British Left: The Narrative Construction of the Miners’ Strike 1984–85

Sociology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nettleingham
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

‘Generations’ have been invoked to describe a variety of social and cultural relationships, and to understand the development of self-conscious group identity. Equally, the term can be an applied label and politically useful construct; generations can be retrospectively produced. Drawing on the concept of ‘canonical generations’ – those whose experiences come to epitomise an event of historic and symbolic importance – this article examines the narrative creation and functions of ‘generations’ as collective memory shapes and re-shapes the desire for social change. Building a case study of the canonical role of the miners’ strike of 1984–85 in the narrative history of the British left, it examines the selective appropriation and transmission of the past in the development of political consciousness. It foregrounds the autobiographical narratives of activists who, in examining and legitimising their own actions and prospects, (re)produce a ‘generation’ in order to create a relatable and useful historical understanding.

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