Anglo-Scandinavian code-mixing in English place-names

Abstract With this paper I wish to investigate the nature of code-mixing found in English place names chiefly, though not exclusively, from the Danelaw area. The paper analyses this code-mixing in the frame-work of contact linguistics in the light of the contact situation between Old English and Old Norse, as described by Townend (2002) and Lutz (2013), that existed from the 8th century onwards, bearing in mind, however, that the Scandinavian place names may not necessarily be direct indicators of the nature and extent of the Scandinavian settlement itself. Historical code-switching usually and generally focuses on describing intersentential and intrasentential code-switching, and this paper aims at broadening the overall scope of the investigation through the inclusion of onomastics. The analysis will be chiefly based on a corpus of 1,915 relevant place-names, with the data drawn from the Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Mills 1998), and Fellows-Jensen’s regional studies on Scandinavian place-names in England (Fellows-Jensen 1972, 1978, 1985). The primary focus of the investigation will be those place names which contain both Scandinavian and English elements, used to contain at least one Scandinavian or English element which was replaced by an element from the other language, contain at least one element which underwent a transformation to accommodate to the phonological system of the other language and contain elements which could belong to either of the languages but cannot be decided with absolute certainty. In this paper I also argue that names (specifically the above mentioned place-names) can conform to Muysken’s (2000) category of congruent lexicalization and that word-internal code-switching, and CS in general, is in fact a phenomenon that can occur in the case of hybrid place-names.

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Alih Kode dan Campur Kode pada Percakapan Keseharian di Lingkungan Fakultas Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam

El-Tsaqafah : Jurnal Jurusan PBA ◽

10.20414/tsaqafah.v18i1.997 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Syukriati A

Keyword(s):

Code Switching ◽

Variety Identification ◽

Role Identification ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Form Type ◽

Internal Code

This study aims to examine the problems of form, type, purposeand factors that cause the process of code switching and code mixing inthe daily conversations of lecturers and staff at the Faculty of Sharia andIslamic Economics. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research.Data collection in this study uses skillful listening techniques while dataanalysis uses extralingual equivalent methods. The research location wasat the Faculty of Sharia and Islamic Economics IAIN Mataram. While theobject of research is daily conversation at the Faculty of Sharia and IslamicEconomics IAIN Mataram. The results of the findings of this study are theform of code switching and code mixing found in the form of words, phrasesand clauses. The type of code transfer that is found is internal code switching(inner code-switch) and the type of code mixing found in the form of mixingcode into (inner mixing-code). While the purpose of code switching is foundin the form of: affirmation, debilitating, certainty, curiosity, explanation,quips, suggestions, offers and notifications. The purpose of the code mixwas found in the form of: respect, affirmation, ambiguity, wonder, specific,anger, culture, information, curiosity, prohibition and appeal. Factors thatcause code switching are: opposed to speaking and the presence of thirdspeakers. While the causes of interfering code are: desire factors to explain,variety identification factors and role identification factors.

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RAGAM BAHASA DI KECAMATAN PAKISJAYA KABUPATEN KARAWANG (Kajian Sosiolinguistik)

LOKABASA ◽

10.17509/jlb.v7i1.3407 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

NANANG SUHENDAR

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Code Switching ◽

Border Area ◽

Geographical Factor ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Language Varieties ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Two Factors ◽

Data Source ◽

Internal Code

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya ragam bahasa yang hidup di masyarakat Kecamatan Pakisjaya Kabupaten Karawang. Pakisjaya berada di perbatasan antara Kabupaten Bekasi dan laut Jawa yang masyarakatnya heterogen baik dalam masalah bahasa maupun budayanya. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui ragam bahasa yang dipakai oleh masyarakat Pakisjaya yang memakai dua bahasa yaitu bahasa Betawi dan bahasa Sunda, alih kode apa saja yang dipakai sebagai pengaruh dari adanya pemakaian dua bahasa tersebut, campur kode apa saja yang dipakai sebagai pengarh dari pemakaian dua bahasa tersebut, dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi adanya ragam bahasa yang hidup di masyarakat Pakisjaya menggunakan kajian Sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu ragam bahasa yang dipakai masyarakat Pakisjaya yang terdiri dari tujuh profesi sebagai wakil lapisan sosial masyarakatnya. Teknik pengambilan data yang dipakai yaitu wawancara dan observasi langsung. Ada beberapa instrumen yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini diantaranya kamera, alat perekam, dan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ada enam ragam bahasa yang dipakai masyarakat Pakisjaya diantaranya ragam bahasa akrolek, basilek, kolokial, argot, slang, dan jargon. Kemudian alih kode yang ada yaitu alih kode intern terdiri dari peralihan kode bahasa Sunda ke bahasa Betawi. Sedangkan campur kode yang ada yaitu campur kode ke dalam terdiri dari bercampurnya bahasa Betawi dengan kata bahasa Sunda sebagai akibat dari penggunaan bahasa Betawi dan bahasa Sunda dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Terakhir ada dua faktor yang menyebabkan adanya ragam bahasa yaitu karena lektak geografis Pakisjaya sebagai daerah perbatasan dan ragam bahasa diperlukan masyarakat sebagai media penyaluran bahasa dalam komunikasi, misalnya dalam komunikasi profesi dan komunitas. Kesimpulannya ragam bahasa sanggat memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat untuk saling memahami bahasa satu dengan lainnya terutama untuk daerah yang heterogen. Abstrak This research is based on the varieties of languages that exist in society, especially in Pakisjaya district Karawang regency. Pakisjaya is laid in the border of Bekasi Regency and Java Ocean. The language and culture is heterogenic. This study is aimed to collect the varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya residents. They use two kinds of languages: Betawi and Sundanese. This research used qualitative method with descriptive technique. Data source in this research is the varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya people which consist of seven professions as representative of society. The technique of collecting data is interview and obvious observation. There are some instruments that become supporting units to sustain this research; they are camera, sound recorder, and interview manual. Based on the result of research there are six varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya people they are; Akrolect, Basilect, colloquial, Argot, Slang, and Jargon. Furthermore, the code switching covers internal code consisting of the transfer from Sundanese to Betawi. In addition, code mixing covers the mixing of Betawi and Sundanese since there is an influence of both languages in the daily conversation. Lastly, there are two factors that affect language varieties. First, it is the geographical factor of Pakisjaya as a border area. Second, it is language varieties needed by people as language platform media in communication, such as in occupation and community. The research concludes that language varieties is beneficial for the society to understand each language to another language especially for heterogenic area.

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ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM KOMUNITAS MAHASISWA PERANTAUAN ACEH DI YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Community ◽

10.35308/jcpds.v3i2.126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cut Irna Liyana

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

Sense Of Humor ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Observation Method ◽

And Function ◽

Mixed Code ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

The aims of this study are to describe and explain the form of code switching and code mixing, to identify the factors of code switching and code mix and to identify the purpose and function of code switching and code mixing in the Acehnese students in Yogyakarta. This is descriptive qualitative research by sociolinguistic approach. The method used in this research is observation method and record technique. The data of this research are the speechs of Acehnese students who are studying in Yogyakarta which contains of code switching and code mixing. Data were identified and classified and then analyzed by existing sociolinguistic theory.The results show that: first, the form of code transfer in Acehnese student communication in Yogyakarta includes the switch of code from Acehnese Language to Indonesian and the switch of code from Indonesian to Aceh; second, the form of mixed code in the form of insertion of words, phrases, and clauses; third, the factors of code switching and code mixing are speakers, participants, third speakers, speech mode and discussion topics; fourth, the purpose and function of code switching and code mixing in the Acehnese students are to familiarize the situation, to make a sense of humor, to look prestigious, to respect the other person and to tell the secret.Key words : Code Switching, Code Mixing, Sociolinguistic

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Codes of teenage characters and mama in their talks portraying the sociolinguistic features

LEKSIKA ◽

10.30595/lks.v14i2.7638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Ajar Pradika Ananta Tur ◽

Shella Antoro Putri

Keyword(s):

Noun Phrase ◽

Social Background ◽

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

The Novel ◽

Qualitative Design ◽

Verb Phrase ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

Code switching and code mixing have become a trend in teenagers’ communication today. Not only in communicating, code switching and code mixing also influence the author’s style in writing novels. However, recently, it is not easy to define which is code switching or code mixing because the occurrence of the codes is very tight recently. The characters in the novel often do codes at least Indonesian-English. The objectives of this study are to find out the form of codes and the sociolinguistic features of the characters in Refrain novel. This research uses descriptive qualitative design from collecting the data until analyzing them. The result of the analysis yields some forms of codes spoken by the characters in the novel. The forms are sentence, clause, phrases like noun phrase & verb phrase, and words like noun, verb, adjective, & adverb. The other problem indicating their social background reflects the sociolinguistic features of the characters. They are education, family, friendship, and occupation.

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CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING PHENOMENON IN AḤBABTUKA AKŚARA MIN MĀ YANBAGĪ NOVEL: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

Jurnal CMES ◽

10.20961/cmes.14.2.55606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Abdul Jawat Nur

Keyword(s):

Code Switching ◽

The Novel ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Switching Phenomenon ◽

Internal Code

This paper will describe the phenomenon of code mixing and code switching in Aḥbabtuka Akśara <a name="_Hlk89780555"></a>Min Mā Yanbagī's novel based on sociolinguistic studies. The phenomenon of code mixing and code switching in this novel is worth further investigation because the novel makes extensive use of code mixing and code switching.. In addition, code mixing and code switching in Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī's novel has not been discussed by other researchers. Based on the research that has been done, it is concluded that the code mixing in the novel Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī is in the form of words and phrases. The form of code-mixing found is code-mixing of English words and phrases. The most widely used code switching is internal code switching and external code switching. Internal code switching occurs from Fuṣḥā Arabic to Amiyah Arabic and back to Fuṣḥā Arabic. In addition, external code switching occurs from Arabic Fuṣḥā to English and back again to Arabic Fuṣḥā. The factors that cause code mixing in Aḥbabtuka Akśara Min Mā Yanbagī's novel (2014) by Aṡīr 'Abdullāh are (a) bringing up humor, (b) appreciation for the interlocutor, (c) petition to the interlocutor, and (d) annoyance. The factors that cause code switching are (a) the attitude of the speaker, and (b) the expression of the speaker's solidarity with the group.

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ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADA NOVEL BADAI MATAHARI ANDALUSIA KARYA HARY EL-PARSIA (Transfer code and mix code in Novels Badai Matahari Andalusia Karya Hary El-Parsia)

10.35542/osf.io/dejph ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

HARZIKO

Keyword(s):

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Code Combination ◽

Solar Storm ◽

Mixed Code ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

AbstractThe language produced by speakers is a reflection of a culture that it adheres to because, incommunication, it certainly has a close relationship with the other person so that the language spoken can bewell understood. A discussion can take place if the style used can be followed so that the message delivered canbe received. This study aims to analyze code-switching and code-mixing in novels Badai Matahari CreationHary El-Parsia. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative carried out by not prioritizing the numbersbut prioritizes the depth of appreciation of the interaction between the concepts being studied imply. The type ofresearch in the literature is. The source and type of data of this research are the data written on novel BadaiMatahari Andalusia. The results of the study showed that in the Solar Storm novel, there were seven quotes fromthe Code and nine quotes from the Code. Code Transfer and Mix The most dominant code is the Transfer ofCode by mixing Indonesian, English, Arabic. In other words, the author Hary El-Parsia in his work uses theTransfer of Code and Mixed Code as the hallmark of his work.Keywords: Code Transfer, Code Combination. Novel. Badai Matahari Andalusia

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ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADA NOVEL BADAI MATAHARI ANDALUSIA KARYA HARY EL-PARSIA (Transfer code and mix code in Novels Badai Matahari Andalusia Karya Hary El-Parsia)

10.31228/osf.io/sn2vj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

HARZIKO

Keyword(s):

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Code Combination ◽

Solar Storm ◽

Mixed Code ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract The language produced by speakers is a reflection of a culture that it adheres to because, incommunication, it certainly has a close relationship with the other person so that the language spoken can bewell understood. A discussion can take place if the style used can be followed so that the message delivered canbe received. This study aims to analyze code-switching and code-mixing in novels Badai Matahari CreationHary El-Parsia. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative carried out by not prioritizing the numbersbut prioritizes the depth of appreciation of the interaction between the concepts being studied imply. The type ofresearch in the literature is. The source and type of data of this research are the data written on novel BadaiMatahari Andalusia. The results of the study showed that in the Solar Storm novel, there were seven quotes fromthe Code and nine quotes from the Code. Code Transfer and Mix The most dominant code is the Transfer ofCode by mixing Indonesian, English, Arabic. In other words, the author Hary El-Parsia in his work uses theTransfer of Code and Mixed Code as the hallmark of his work.Keywords: Code Transfer, Code Combination. Novel. Badai Matahari Andalusia

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Code-Switching as a Reflection of Contact-Induced Change

The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199945092.013.8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 192-214

Author(s):

Ad Backus

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Language Contact ◽

Language Change ◽

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Language Mixing ◽

Lexical Change ◽

Theory Of Language

Code-switching is often studied in purely synchronic terms, as recorded speech is analyzed for patterns of language mixing. Though this has yielded numerous useful theoretical advances, it has also shielded the code-switching literature from serious engagement with the phenomenon of language change, even from the subtype of change caused by language contact. There is also the additional practice of limiting the study of code-mixing and code-switching to lexical mixing. On the other side of the fence, meanwhile, discussions of contact-induced language change tend to be limited to morphological and syntactic phenomena. This chapter breaks through this stalemate, and argues that a usage-based approach to language change actually demands integration of these perspectives. Code-switching should be seen as a reflection of lexical change. It is for this reason that a synchronic distinction between loanwords and code-switching makes no sense, since the terms refer to the diachronic and synchronic planes, respectively, of the same phenomenon. In the chapter, the author interprets the code-switching literature from this theoretical viewpoint, and explores what both the literature on code-switching and that on contact-induced change stand to gain from linking their empirical findings to a usage-based theory of language change that allocates proper attention to synchrony and diachrony, and unites lexical and structural change in the same framework.

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Code switching and code mixing in English learning process

LingTera ◽

10.21831/lt.v5i1.14438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 68-77

Author(s):

Ahmad Fanani ◽

Jean Antunes Rudolf Zico Ma'u

Keyword(s):

Learning Process ◽

Group Discussion ◽

First Language ◽

Code Switching ◽

The Other ◽

English Learning ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Other Hand ◽

Language Effects

The research was conducted in order to describe the types and factors of code-switching and code-mixing in the learning process. The research was a descriptive qualitative investigation using the case study method. The aim was to analyze the types and factors that caused code-switching and code-mixing. Then, the research subjects were three English teachers who taught Grade XI. In gathering the data, there were five classes that should be observed and the necessary data were gathered through recording technique. In the meantime, for validating the results of the analysis an FGD (Focus Group Discussion) should be held. The FGD was conducted in order to identify the answers to the research questions. Next, the results of the study were as follows. First, the types of code-switching were (a) intersentential code-switching, (b) intrasentential code-switching, and (c) tag-switching. On the other hand, the types of code-mixing were (a) alternation code-mixing, (b) insertion code-mixing, and (c) congruent lexicalization. Second, the factors that caused the use of code-switching in the English learning process were text quotation, clarification, and teacher’s instruction. On the other hand, the factors that caused the use of code-mixing were speech habits such as the first language and the second language effects, adversity of finding equivalent words, and people’s impression of the present trends.

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أشكال تخليط الشفرة وأنواعها بين اللغة العربية و اللغة الإندونسية لدى الطلاب الجامعة شيخنا محمد خليل

Al-Irfan : Journal of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies ◽

10.36835/al-irfan.v3i1.3731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Humaidi Humaidi

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Language Teaching ◽

Language Choice ◽

Arabic Language ◽

The Other ◽

Code Transformation ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Popular Language ◽

Social Linguistics ◽

Internal Code

Social linguistics is the science that benefits our lives. One of the benefits of social linguistics is choosing the best languages when we want to speak. Language has the norm in conversation when we communicate with the other person, for example, if we talk with a son or daughter, we must use good words when speak with our parents, and in contrasts when we talk with our friend, so we has used generic words without thinking about the ethics of speaking. In this case, everyone has to choose the language with a best and most beneficial language. There are three types of popular language choice in social linguistics, It is the code transformation, code mixing, and a method in the same language. In this research, the focuses on the study is form and type of code mixing among students of the Department Arabic Language Teaching, because code mixing has happened a lot to students on the other. The aim of this research is to know the forms and types of code mixing. This research used qualitative method, with three method of date collecting – observation, interview and collect date, and the basic of observation is the hearing and writing (sima 'catat) about the aspects of languages. Conclusion - Forms of code mixing that happened to university students, in Department of Language Teaching STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil, is focuses on two forms, namely code maxing of words, for example Afwan saya datang terlambat ustadz . And the Vocabulary code maxing, for example hidupkan mirwahah. As for the types of code mixing that happened to university students, in Department of Language Teaching STAI Syaichona Moh. Cholil, is also focused on mixing the external code and does not happen much about mixing the internal code. Keyword: Forms and type of code mixing, Arabic language, Indonesian language

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