Comparison of different equations for estimation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) – cholesterol

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-611
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Alpdemir ◽  
Medine Alpdemir
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) estimations using various formulas with directly measured LDL-C (d-LDL-C) in the Turkish population.Material and methodsA total of 1,478 participants who were aged between 18 and 80 were classified into five groups according to serum triglyseride (TG) concentration as follows: <100, 100–199, 200–299, 300–399, and 400–1000 mg/dL. Glucose (Glu), LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, TG, and HbA1C were measured with Cobas 6000 c501. d-LDL-C concentrations were measured by a homogenous direct assay using reagents. We investigated the accuracy 10 equations that are Friedewald, De Cordova, Ahmadi, Anandaraja, Teerakanchana, Chen, Hattori, Vujovic, Puavillai, and Hatta for estimating LDL-C in this study.ResultsIn group 1, Anandaraja formula correlated best with d-LDL-C (r=0.367), but this correlation is weakly. In group 2; Teerakanchana formula (r=0.931), in group 3; Friedewald and Teerakanchana formulas (r=0.935, r=0.961), in group 4; Teerakanchana formula (r=0.950) and in group 5, Anandaraja formula (r=0.792) correlated best with d-LDL-C.ConclusionsIn this study, although there was a strong correlation between d-LDL-C measurement and estimated LDL-C formulas, there was a negative bias between results of these formulas and the d- LDL-C.

scholarly journals Effect of Guiera senegalensis and Natron on Serum Indices of Cardiac Function of Postpartum Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Aminu Lailaba Abubakar ◽  
Jabir Aliyu Danyaya ◽  
Kabiru Abubakar ◽  
Magaji Umar Faruk ◽  
Yusuf Saidu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but devastating cardiac failure of indeterminate etiology occurring in late pregnancy or early puerperium. The prevalence of PPCM in Northern Nigeria could be attributed to the unique customary puerperal practices of prolonged consumption oflarge quantities of Guiera senegalensis and Natron. This study investigated the effect of decoction of G. senegalensis with and without Natron on cardiac markers, lipid profile and histology ofheart in postpartum female albino rats using standard methods.Thirty-five (35)female albino rats of body weights 190-200 g of five month were randomly grouped into seven (7) of five rats each. Group 2, 3 and 4 were orally administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of G. senegalensis. Group 5, 6 and 7 were orally administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (1:1) of G. senegalensis and Natron by gavage, whereas group 1 received distilled water. The study revealed significant (p< 0.05) decrease in triglyceride(TG) in group 2 to VII, high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-c) in group 2, 5 and 6, very low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (VLDL-c) in group 3 to V, couples with significant (p< 0.05) increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in group 2, 3, 5 and 7, and for (AIX) in group 2, total cholesterol(TC) in group 2, 3 and 7 when compared with control. Significant (p< 0.05) increase in Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in group 3 to 7, and Myoglobin (MB) in group 3 was observed. Significant (p< 0.05) decrease in Troponin I (TnI) in group 2 and 4 was seen. There were no significant (p>0.05) changes in Troponin T (Tn T), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Creatine Kinase(CK-NAC) of the treatment group when compared to control group. Histopathological examination of section of the heart revealed ventricular dilatation, hypertrophied with enlarged nuclei, stretched, and irregular and mural thrombi in group 2 to 4 and 7. Inflammation in group 5 and 7, Pigment deposited in group 4 to 7 and Mild fibrosis in group 3 were observed. The study demonstrates that consumption of G. senegalensis and Natron for 28 days’induces dyslipidemia and causes changes in the heart of postpartum rats and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of PPCM.

scholarly journals Lipoproteins and other Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in a Student Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Gordana Grubor-Lajšić ◽  
Sanja Vicković
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Summary Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many populations, especially in developed countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the lipid status in a student population at increased risk for CVD in comparison with students who are not at increased risk for CVD. Methods: This study included 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women), with a mean age of 22.32±1.85 years. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) of less and more than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). Total cholesterol - TCH, triglycerides - TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol - HDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL-c, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - VLDL-c concentrations were determined and the index of atherosclerosis (IA), established risk factors RF-TCH/HDL-c ratio and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio were mathematically calculated. Results: The values of TCH, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, VLDL-c and TG were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P<0.001). IA, non-HDL-c/HDL-c and RF-TCH/HDL-c ratio were also significantly higher (P<0.001), while HDL-c was significantly lower (p<0.01) in Group 1 compared to controls. These results were not influenced by gender in both groups of subjects. Conclusions: The data suggest that increased anthropometric parameters are followed by increased lipoprotein status in the group of students at increased risk for CVD and screening of the lipid status is necessary in students, especially in those who are at increased risk for CVD.

scholarly journals Effect of Force 6® Poultry (Curcumin) on Lipid profile in Broiler chicken in presence of IBD vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Amjed H. Ulaiwi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

      The aim of this study was to investigate effect of Force 6® Poultry on lipid profile in broiler chicken in presence of IBD vaccine. Two hundred chicks at one day old were divided into four equal groups as: Group 1; 50 day old unvaccinated chicks were given (50 gm/ton) of Force 6® Poultry (curcumin) along the experimental period (35 days), chicks in group 2; were given IBD vaccine in (15-day old) (BURSINE-2), chicks in group 3 were vaccinated  with IBD at (15-day old) and given Force 6® Poultry  along time of experimental (with 50 gm/ton). Group 4, 50 chicks were saved as negative control. Blood samples were collected from heart for lipid profile detection and included (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein HDL, very low density lipoprotein VLDL, low-density lipoprotein LDL). The result of lipid profile showed significant (P˂0.05) differences with higher value between groups which were (G2, G4) which did not receive force 6 poultry than group (G1, G3) which received force 6 poultry for (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL,VLDL). In conclusion, the Force 6® Poultry had main effect to improve lipid profile of treated groups than these groups untreated.

scholarly journals OP0104 DIFFERENCES IN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) PARTICLE COMPOSITION AND OXIDATION MAY UNDERLIE THE PARADOXICAL ASSOCIATION OF LOW LDL WITH HIGHER CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS BURDEN IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 58.1-58
Author(s):  
G. Karpouzas ◽  
S. Ormseth ◽  
E. Hernandez ◽  
M. Budoff
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:The association between cholesterol and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is attenuated in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In fact, RA patients in the lowest low-density lipoprotein (LDL) group (<70mg/dl) may experience unexpectedly high CVD risk.Objectives:We here explored whether patients with LDL<70mg/dl (Group 1) had higher coronary atherosclerosis burden compared to other LDL groups (Group 2: 70≤LDL≤130 and Group 3: LDL>130), as a reason for this risk. We further evaluated whether low LDL in group 1 associated with differences in inflammation, LDL particle composition or oxidation.Methods:One hundred fifty RA patients without symptoms or history of CVD underwent coronary atherosclerosis evaluation with computed tomography angiography. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), number of segments with plaque (segment involvement score), stenotic severity (segment stenosis score), and extensive (>4 segments with plaque) or obstructive disease (>50% stenosis) were assessed. Lipoprotein classes and subclasses were directly measured. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) was measured with monoclonal antibody E06. Chemiluminescence Elisa quantified IgG and IgM antibodies to oxLDL (anti-oxLDL) and apoB100 immune complexes (IC). Proinflammatory cytokines were measured with Erenna Immunoassay. Robust linear and logistic regression models- adjusted for Framingham D’Agostino score, obesity, disease activity, bDMARD and statin treatment- evaluated associations between LDL groups and plaque outcomes. Similar models evaluated adjusted differences in LDL subclasses, oxLDL, anti-oxLDL, anti-ApoB100 IC, and cytokines across LDL groups.Results:Group 1 patients had higher coronary plaque burden (Figure 1A) and 2.8 times greater risk of extensive or obstructive disease (adjusted OR 2.82 [95% CI 1.12-7.17], P = 0.031) compared to LDL>70 groups. Among statin naïve patients, those with LDL<70 also had higher oxLDL (log-transformed adjusted mean 2.55 [95% CI 2.34-2.77] versus 2.27 [95% CI 2.19-2.36], P = 0.018 for LDL>70). Notably, Group 1 patients also had higher anti-oxLDL IgG and anti-ApoB100 IgG IC levels compared to other groups (Figure 1B). LDL subclass relative content in the LDL particle differed across groups (Figure 1C). Lp(a) was higher in LDL particles in Group 1 (adjusted mean 16.04% [95% CI 11.75-20.33], versus 10.48% [95% CI 8.20-12.75] in Group 2, P = 0.026 and 7.41% [95% CI 0.77-14.04] in Group 3, P = 0.033). Notably, Lp(a) content strongly associated with oxLDL overall (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). This association was stronger for Group 1 compared to others (P < 0.005, Figure 1D). No differences in RA activity, CRP, TNF-α, IL-17A, or IL-17F were seen across groups. However, Group 1 had higher IL-6 (log-transformed adjusted mean 1.98 [95% CI 1.64- 2.32] versus 1.57 [95% CI 1.45-1.70], P = 0.028 in Group 2 and 1.32 [95% CI 0.84-1.80], P = 0.031 in Group 3). IL-6 associated with both IgG anti-oxLDL (P = 0.015) and anti-apoB100 IC (P = 0.016). Log-transformed IL-6 further associated with higher log-transformed CAC (adjusted B 0.41 [95% CI 0.01-0.81], P = 0.049).Conclusion:RA patients with LDL<70 mg/dl had higher coronary atherosclerosis burden. Low circulating LDL in that group may reflect higher oxidation; this was mostly linked to the larger Lp(a) relative content of LDL and its significantly higher oxidation potential in that group. OxLDL immune recognition was linked to higher IgG anti-oxLDL Ab and anti-ApoB100 IC levels in the LDL<70 group, which further associated with higher IL-6 elaboration and atherosclerosis burden.Disclosure of Interests:George Karpouzas Speakers bureau: Sanofi/ Genzyme/ Regeneron, Consultant of: Sanofi/ Genzyme/ Regeneron, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Sarah Ormseth: None declared, Elizabeth Hernandez: None declared, Matthew Budoff Consultant of: Pfizer

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

A STUDY OF FASTING LIPID PROFILE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AT MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF ANMMCH, GAYA, BIHAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Dyslipidemia is very much common in chronic kidney disease patients and is responsible for cardiovascular disease (CKD) which is most common cause of mortality in them. So, it is necessary to study the lipid prole in CKD patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. Methods: Subjects each of 50 in number are grouped into healthy controls (group-1), CKD patients without hemodialysis (group-2), CKD patients with hemodialysis (group-3). After fasting of 12 hours, lipid prole is assessed in all cases. Results: In this study, there is increase in Total cholesterol (TC), Low Density lipoprotein (LDL), very Low-Density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) and decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in all CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p-value for each parameter <0.001). There is increase in TC, TG and VLDL in diabetic CKD patients compare to non-diabetic CKD patients and p-value for each parameter is <0.05. It was found that TG and VLDL increase and HDL decrease in group-3 compare to group-2 is statistically signicant (p-value for each <0.05) and no signicant variation in TC and LDL in these groups. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that there is dyslipidemia in CKD patients irrespective of mode of management, but the derangement is much more common and signicant in CKD with hemodialysis group and they are at risk of cardiovascular disease. It is better to start lipid lowering drugs which decreases disease progression and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

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