scholarly journals Probable alterations in fecal bacterial microbiota by somatostatin receptor analogs in acromegaly

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Nahit Sendur ◽  
Koray Ergunay ◽  
Yakut Akyon ◽  
Annika Brinkmann ◽  
Muhittin Serdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Diabetes Development ◽  
Community Profile

AbstractObjectiveData on bacterial diversity and microbiota alterations in acromegaly are currently lacking. The effects of somatostatin receptor analogs on gut microbiota remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine microbiota alterations in patients with acromegaly and to assess the effects of somatostatin receptor analogs on gut microbiota.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional case-control research and three cohorts, comprising individuals with acromegaly without medical therapy (n=5), acromegaly receiving octreotide acetate (OCT) (n=8) and healthy controls (n=5), were evaluated.ResultsNo statistically-supported changes in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria abundance were observed. Bacteroidaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae and Alistipes families of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus of the Actinobacteria phyla were detected, without overt differences. Variations in Clostridia, Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae were not significant, while Lactobacillales were increased in individuals receiving OCT. Moreover, Akkermansia mucinophila was present in patients under OCT treatment.ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest that the bacterial community profile under OCT treatment may facilitate a colonic microenvironment for improved glucose metabolism. Alterations in the gut microbiota may be a factor affecting diabetes development during somatostatin analog treatment in acromegalic patients.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography features of the intrinsic foot muscles in patients with and without plantar fasciitis: A novel case-control research study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Canosa-Carro ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Paula García-Bermejo ◽  
Emmanuel Navarro-Flores ◽  
Carmen de Labra-Pinedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles ◽  
Healthy Participants

IntroductionPlantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain.(1) This condition was described as a degenerative syndrome associated with pain, lack of functionality and stiffness on the plantar fascia. The aim of the present study was to compare with ultrasound imaging (USI) the thickness and cross-sectional area of the intrinsic foot muscles between individuals with and without plantar fasciitis (PF).Material and methodsA total of 64 volunteers from 18 to 55 years were recruited for the present study. The sample was divided in two groups: A group, composed of participants diagnosed by PF (n = 32) and B group, composed by healthy participants (n = 32).ResultsUSI measurements for FBH CSA (p = 0.035) was decreasing showing statistically significant differences for the PF group, while the QP CSA (p = 0.40) was increasing reporting statistically significant differences for the PF group with respect the healthy group. The rest of the IFM did not show statistically significant differences, however in FHB, FDB, QP and AHB thicknesses and FDB CSA a slightly decrease for the PF group have been observed.ConclusionsUSI measurements showed that the CSA of the FHB muscle is reduced in patients with PF while the CSA of the QP muscle is increased in patients with PF.

scholarly journals Remission in Crohn’s disease is accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota and mucins production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniéla Oliveira Magro ◽  
Andrey Santos ◽  
Dioze Guadagnini ◽  
Flavia Moreira de Godoy ◽  
Sylvia Helena Monteiro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Acid Mucin

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in remission do not exhibit an improvement in gut microbiota composition, which might trigger relapses. The present study investigated the dysbiosis and mucins production in CD patients during remission. We performed an analytical cross-sectional single center study, which recruited 18 CD patients and 18 healthy controls (CG) residing in the same home, meaning that all of the participants experienced the same environmental factors, with similar hygiene status, diet, pollution and other common lifestyle characteristics that may influence the composition of the gut microbiota. When compared to healthy controls, the CD patients exhibited lower microbial α-diversity (p = 0.047), a greater abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum (p = 0.037) and a reduction in the Deltaproteobacteria class (p = 0.0006). There was also a reduction in the Akkermansia (p = 0.002) and Oscillospira (p = 0.024) genera and in the proportion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (p = 0.01). Additionally, CD patients in remission presented increased neutral (p = 0.001) and acid mucin (p = 0.002) concentrations. The reductions in the proportions of Oscollospira and Akkermansia genera, sulfate-reducing bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, observed in the CD group, may account for the increased mucins production observed in these patients.

scholarly journals Bacterial Gut Microbiota and Infections During Early Childhood

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio George ◽  
Ximena Aguilera ◽  
Pablo Gallardo ◽  
Mauricio Farfán ◽  
Yalda Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota

Gut microbiota composition during the first years of life is variable, dynamic and influenced by both prenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal antibiotics administered during labor, delivery mode, maternal diet, breastfeeding, and/or antibiotic consumption during infancy. Furthermore, the microbiota displays bidirectional interactions with infectious agents, either through direct microbiota-microorganism interactions or indirectly through various stimuli of the host immune system. Here we review these interactions during childhood until 5 years of life, focusing on bacterial microbiota, the most common gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and two well characterized gastrointestinal diseases related to dysbiosis (necrotizing enterocolitis and Clostridioides difficile infection). To date, most peer-reviewed studies on the bacterial microbiota in childhood have been cross-sectional and have reported patterns of gut dysbiosis during infections as compared to healthy controls; prospective studies suggest that most children progressively return to a “healthy microbiota status” following infection. Animal models and/or studies focusing on specific preventive and therapeutic interventions, such as probiotic administration and fecal transplantation, support the role of the bacterial gut microbiota in modulating both enteric and respiratory infections. A more in depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of the early bacterial microbiota, focusing on specific components of the microbiota-immunity-infectious agent axis is necessary in order to better define potential preventive or therapeutic tools against significant infections in children.

scholarly journals Is there any association between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes? A systematic review

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnian Jamshidi ◽  
Saba Hasanzadeh ◽  
Azin Tahvildari ◽  
Yeganeh Farsi ◽  
Mahta Arbabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Abstract Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the second most common autoimmune disease among children. There is evidence suggesting that dysbiosis of some gut colonizing bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of T1D. However, these studies are still controversial and a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Methods A systematic search was carried out in Medline (Via Pubmed) and Embase from January 2000 to January 2019 for all original cross-sectional, cohort, case–control or nested case–control studies investigating the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Results Of 568 articles identified, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total population study of these articles consists of 2600 children (under 18 years old) and 189 adults. Among the included studies, 24 articles confirmed the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and T1D. The most common bacterial alterations in T1D patients included Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Blautia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion Our study showed a significant association between alterations in intestinal microbial composition and T1D; however, in some articles, it is not clear which one happens first. Investigation of altered gut microbiota can help in the early detection of T1D before seropositivity. Targeted microbiome modulation can be a novel potential therapeutic strategy.

Cytokine levels and their role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A systematic review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1586-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimala Kishore ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Sana Mirza ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Raffat ◽  
Sana Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Larger Sample

Introduction Burning Mouth Syndrome is characterized by variable symptoms that include pain, burning and paraguesia in an otherwise healthy-appearing oral mucosa. Although the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is unknown, some studies provide evidence of subclinical inflammation leading to disrupted cytokine levels. Aim To investigate the expression of cytokines and role in the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Methods Online databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched from November 1986 to November 2018 for case control/cross-sectional studies comparing the levels of cytokines in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls. Results A total of eight studies were included in the current review. Four studies were of high and four studies were of moderate quality. Seven studies evaluated IL-6, out of which four showed comparable results, two showed higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. Four studies assessed IL-2, out of which two reported comparable results whereas one study reported higher levels and one study reported lower levels in Burning Mouth Syndrome patients compared to controls. IL-10 levels were measured in three studies that reported no significant differences in the levels between Burning Mouth Syndrome and healthy controls. Discussion and conclusion The etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome is multifactorial. Studies have provided scientific evidence that inflammation plays a key role in Burning Mouth Syndrome pathogenesis. However, whether up-regulation or down-regulation of specific cytokines contribute to the etiopathogenesis of Burning Mouth Syndrome remains debatable. Further high-quality studies with larger sample size and assessing a wider array of cytokines are warranted in order to obtain strong conclusions.

scholarly journals Gut microbial profile is altered in primary biliary cholangitis and partially restored after UDCA therapy

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqi Tang ◽  
Yiran Wei ◽  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Weihua Chen ◽  
Haoyan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Treatment Naïve

ObjectiveA close relationship between gut microbiota and some chronic liver disorders has recently been described. Herein, we systematically performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and healthy controls.DesignWe first conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment-naïve patients with PBC and 80 matched healthy controls. Second, an independent cohort composed of 19 treatment-naïve patients and 34 controls was used to validate the results. Finally, a prospective study was performed in a subgroup of 37 patients with PBC who underwent analysis before and after 6 months of UDCA treatment. Faecal samples were collected, and microbiomes were analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.ResultsA significant reduction of within-individual microbial diversity was noted in PBC (p=0.03). A signature defined by decreased abundance of four genera and increased abundance of eight genera strongly correlated with PBC (area under curve=0.86, 0.84 in exploration and validation data, respectively). Notably, the abundance of six PBC-associated genera was reversed after 6 months of UDCA treatment. In particular, Faecalibacterium, enriched in controls, was further decreased in gp210-positive than gp210-negative patients (p=0.002). Of interest was the finding that the increased capacity for the inferred pathway, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in PBC, highly correlated with the abundance of bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsThis study presents a comprehensive landscape of gut microbiota in PBC. Dysbiosis was found in the gut microbiome in PBC and partially relieved by UDCA. Our study suggests that gut microbiota is a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for PBC.

scholarly journals Asthma and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Nahid Karamzad ◽  
Neda Izadi ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Elham Ahmadian ◽  
Aziz Eftekhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Effects Models

Introduction : This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with asthma and to measure the association asthma has with MetS. Methods: The Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar were searched using the "Asthma", "Metabolic Syndrome", "Dysmetabolic Syndrome", "Cardiovascular Syndrome", "Insulin Resistance Syndrome", "Prevalence", "Odds Ratio", "Cross-Sectional Studies", and "Case-Control Studies" keywords. All observational studies reporting the prevalence of MetS among people with and without asthma were included in the study. In the presence of heterogeneity, random-effects models were used to pool the prevalence and odds ratios (OR), as measures of association in cross-sectional and case-control/ cohort studies, respectively. Results: The prevalence of MetS among patients with asthma (8 studies) and the OR comparing the prevalence of MetS among patients with and without asthma (5 studies) were pooled separately. The pooled prevalence of MetS among patients with asthma was found to be 25% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13%–38%). In contrast, the overall pooled OR for MetS in patients with asthma, compared to healthy controls, was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.91–1.76), which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS was relatively high in patients with asthma. Furthermore, the odds of MetS was higher in patients with asthma, compared to healthy controls, although this difference was not statistically significant. More original studies among different populations are needed in order to more accurately examine the association between asthma and MetS, as well as the relationship asthma has with the individual components of MetS.

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