Staatliche Sozialpolitik und Staatstheorie / Social policy and the theory of the state

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total System ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Extended Approach ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis article is a critical appraisal of the actual discussion of the role and function of social policy and social administration in Germany (FRG).Recent theoretical approaches, e. g. ‘the theory of the state’, are reviewed, and the ‘one-dimensionality’ of their categories with respect to evaluation of governmental activities in the field of social policy from a total systems point of view is criticized. The author argues in favour of an extended approach which should try to make use of the concept of ‘needs’ in order to reintroduce into the analysis the dimension of the personal system, to avoid the shortcomings criticized in the total system analysis.In so doing the characteristics of social policy and social administration in capitalistic societies, their dialectic quality, will become obvious; i. e. these policies have consequences, not only for the system in general, but also for the personal system (system of need-disposition).He propeses the application of the concept of social inequality for a systematic approach to social policy and social administration, to come to grips with their prerequisites, scope, and limitations.

Putting the ‘Policy’ back into Social Policy

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Newman
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
What Works ◽  
Governance Theory ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper argues that the study of social policy can be enriched by a greater focus on the dynamics of the policy process itself. Such a focus needs to transcend the usual descriptive accounts of institutions and implementation methods. The paper draws on a range of theoretical approaches that illuminate the shaping and delivery of policy, from classic theories of power and the state to analyses of the micro-dynamics of the policy–action relationship. The paper explores the contribution of recent developments in governance theory, and assesses contemporary debates about the ‘modernisation’ of the policy process and the focus on evaluating ‘what works’ in social policy.

scholarly journals Legal aspect of social entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Filatova ◽  
Nina Semeryanova ◽  
Svetlana Suslova ◽  
Alena Gabudina ◽  
Anna Kopytova
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses the main issues of definition of social entrepreneurship, both from economic and legal point of view. Since Russian legislature is only at the beginning of the way to create legal framework for activities, legislation on social entrepreneurship seems fragmentary and inconsistent. All of that adversely affects development of social entrepreneurship. Official city statistics (Nizhnevartovsk) show that less than a third of all entrepreneurs are interested in this type of activity; entrepreneurs who already have business in the field of social entrepreneurship mostly do not plan to expand current activities in this area. Analysis can contribute to creation of developed socio-economic relations in Russia. It can be achieved by building effective relations between social entrepreneurs and beneficiaries on the one hand, and also between social entrepreneurs and the state on the other.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VERSUS PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: LIMITATIONS OF APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
Petr M. Morkhat ◽  
Igor V. Ponkin ◽  
Marina V. Markhgeym ◽  
Vladimir K. Botnev ◽  
Aidyn O. Turganbayev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Systemic Problems

Purpose of Study: The present study was designed to study possibilities, conditions, grounds and limitations regarding the use of technologies and units of artificial intelligence in public administration. Determinants of the need to use such technologies in public administration were also considered. In this study, directions of realizable engagement which is already implemented, as well as directions of the possible use of artificial intelligence units in the future for public administration were investigated to ensure the functioning of system of state executive bodies. Methodology: The present research carried out based on the application of research methods such as system analysis, synthesis, and classification. Using these research methods, the concepts of describing conditions, possibilities, modes and functional-target load of using technologies and units of artificial intelligence in public administration, as well as limitations of its application in public administration were developed. Results: It was found that the use of artificial intelligence by the state for performing its various own tasks is highly relevant as it might lead to finding many positive approbations. However, despite the fact that technologies and artificial intelligence units have been developed for a relatively long time, and some of them are already widely used, it is still impossible to talk about the integrated, fully tested and properly regulated implementation of this kind of technology and units for management, therefore, it is suggested to further investigate on this issue from a theoretical (prognostic) point of view, taking into account potential directions and possibilities regarding    the use of such technology and units. Implications/Applications: The use of technologies and units of artificial intelligence does not necessarily take into account as a panacea for solving the problems and may not lead to solving some systemic problems in public administration, but, on the contrary, may even aggravate some existing problems in public administration and contribute to the emergence of new problems and risks.

scholarly journals A SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA COMO UM PROBLEMA SOCIOCULTURAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. R 01-R 04
Author(s):  
Álvaro de Souza VIEIRA ◽  
◽  
Marcelo PESSOA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Past Experiences

The present study falls within the scope of Urban Public Security, to the extent that ostensive and preventive policing actions - motorized, on foot or in prison - tend to better meet the social needs provided for by the demand for the crime prevention and protection service provided. by the State. A study like ours justifies the fact that, in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic, with the almost compulsory impediment of the citizen to come and go by legal instrument, there was a robust increase in the rates of family disagreements, minor bodily injuries, subversions to order and discipline, and other major unlawful conduct. As main research results, it was possible to understand to what extent society tends or not to actively participate in the processes that involve its own mental, physical or social well-being. We also note that there is a certain resistance from this same society regarding the presence of State apparatus, especially in less privileged layers of the community, since citizenship, on the one hand, manifests itself against police actions, in the face of less positive past experiences. R - 01-04 Revista AKEDIA – Versões, Negligências e Outros Mundos p - ISSN 2447-7656 e – ISSN 2674-2561 DOI 10.33726 – Volume 12 – Ano VII – 2º Sem. de 2021 On the other hand, it is seen that part of this same community tends to act, voluntarily or involuntarily, as a passive accomplice, keeping active contexts of high crime, a condition that, in the eyes of the State, appears paradoxical, but which, from a cultural perspective, maybe it's a sophisticated survival strategy.

scholarly journals JUSTICE IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE CONCEPT AND FEATURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-546
Author(s):  
Olga V Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
State Activity ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals the essential characteristics of justice as a specific type of state activity; identifies the main features of justice that distinguish it, on the one hand, from other types of state activity, and on the other - from other types of judicial activity. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the features of justice in its modern sense. The versatility of this legal category as an ambivalent definition is reflected in its various characteristics, through the consideration of which the most general definition of justice is formulated in the work. The methodological basis of the article is the modern achievements of the theory of knowledge. In the course of research theoretical, General philosophical (dialectics, system method, analysis, synthesis, deduction), traditional legal methods (formal-logical) were applied. Turning to the question of the characteristics of justice, the author touches upon the problem of its broad and narrow understanding due to the increasing role of mediation, conciliation and arbitration as alternative forms of resolution of legal conflicts, as well as in connection with the empowerment of certain state bodies of jurisdictional powers, and concludes that, unlike a number of foreign countries, justice in Russia can be carried out only by state courts. Of considerable interest is also the study of the subject area of justice, which is related to the situation of legal conflict. In this context, the author's analysis of the concept of "legal conflict" and his proposed differentiation of such conflicts into types with subsequent consideration of each of them is quite legitimate. In the context of the formation of the new Russian statehood, the arbitration sign of justice acquired a different sound, which is considered in the work from the standpoint of the special jurisdictional procedural activity of the court and the situational nature of justice. Since the beginning of the modern judicial reform, objective changes in the activities of the courts associated with the emergence of simplified and writ proceedings that have simplified the procedure for the consideration and resolution of certain categories of administrative and civil cases, as well as the allocation of jurisdictional powers to other state bodies that are not part of the judiciary, but use quasi-judicial procedures, i.e. almost judicial procedures as close as possible to them, have significantly changed the attitude to the procedural form of justice, which has lost its former importance. In this regard, the author substantiates the point of view that nowadays in order to determine the qualitative nature of the jurisdictional bodies, it is necessary to identify, in particular, the distinctive features in each of the procedural forms. Revealing in more detail the content of methods and means of justice, the author touches upon the problem of correlation of this legal category with justice and on the basis of the analysis of different points of view comes to the conclusion that these concepts can not be considered as legal phenomena that coincide in whole or in part. Justice is rather an intrinsic property of justice, contributing to its perception as a social and legal value. As one of the most important signs of justice in the work is considered the state-power nature and reliability of judicial decisions, the execution of which involves the suppression of the will (freedom) or material deprivation of one of the parties with the use in certain cases of power and force of the state. In this regard, some attention is paid to the characterization of the binding nature of the judgment as one of its essential properties. Examining justice as categories which help to reveal the contents and legal merits of this form of state activity, in the definition of the given concept into a single, unified definition.

scholarly journals The Development of Competition and Raising Efficiency in Electric Engineering Complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
L. N. Orlova ◽  
D. A. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electric Engineering ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scientific Tool

The high degree of monopolization of the power complex in the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and state regulation, on the other hand, can cause a decline in the efficiency of entrepreneurial structures’ functioning in electric engineering. From the point of view of theory and methodology the research studies possibilities to shape competitive relations in electric engineering and analyzes regular risks in electric engineering companies’ work. In practical view the lines in raising the efficiency of entrepreneurial structures are investigated. The authors show feasibility of using DEA methods and the standard method for raising the efficiency of electric engineering companies’ work and fixing a grounded tariff on electric power. As a scientific tool for conducting the research the authors chose such general academic and specific methods as the method of system analysis, the method of retrospective analysis, analytical methods of data research. Empiric materials of the research are presented by information of the Federal Service of State Statistics, public data of monitoring the adopted tariff solutions provided by the Federal Antitrust Service.

scholarly journals HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING MODEL: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Yurchyshena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
The State ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

The problem of financing higher education is becoming increasingly important in both domestic and international practice. Changing approaches to financing models and simultaneous reduction of public funding depends on several factors, mainly due to the transformation process related to the changes in technology, the wave of innovations, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, financial and economic crises causing the review of the role and priorities of the institution of the state, public finance potential on the financing of higher education. The aim of the article is to study theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of the «financing model», assess the results of the introduction of the formula for the allocation of the state budget expenditures between higher education institutions of Ukraine to identify the most impactful components of the model and trends. In the process of our research, we used such methods as: analysis, synthesis, comparison, system analysis, statistical methods (regressions, means, grouping, data distribution), data visualization method and others. Based on a synthesis of approaches of foreign and domestic scholars to the concept of «the funding model», the author proposes to consider it at two levels: macro (public funding, which is a tool for allocating budget funds between the state and higher education institutions under pre-defined conditions, agreements, parameters, indicators) and micro (formed at the level of a separate university, and includes budget and additional funding in certain proportions). The article examines the macro approach to the results of the introduction of the funding formula in 2020–2021, assesses the level of funding for the HEIs, determines the interdependence of the integrated performance indicator and the estimated student body of the HEIs, assesses the strength of relationship, distribution criteria and obtained values (estimated body, scale of activity, regional support, scientific activity, international recognition, employment of graduates). The positive effects of the introduction of the formula model of financing are the implementation of the state educational policy, strategic positioning of universities, the introduction of innovative approaches to management, conducting educational and scientific activities, improving quality indicators. The disadvantage is the dependence on student body studying at the request of the state, limited resources (material, human, financial, etc.) to achieve efficiency (as a result – underfunding), so powerful, innovative universities able to respond to stakeholder requests, produce quality services and effectively promote them in the market of educational services have advantages.

scholarly journals Approaches to Interstate Interaction of Circumpolar Countries in the Development of the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-328
Author(s):  
N. I. Didenko ◽  
D. F. Skripnuk ◽  
N. A. Konakhina
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
Arctic Policy

Purpose: is to suggest recommendations on the problems of cooperation of circumpolar countries in the Arctic based on the analysis and accumulates the existing economic concepts of interstate interaction.Methods: the work used the methods of classification, induction and deduction, generalization, structuring, statistical and logical analysis, system analysis, algorithmization. The research is based on the using the elements of empirical and theoretical methods for economic reality research.Results: the study presents the development of theoretical approaches to issues of interstate interaction in existing economic schools. The authors studied the experience of interstate cooperation in sphere of Arctic territory exploration and development. Based on basic theories, the existing theoretical and practical approaches of interstate interaction of circumpolar countries are summarized. Taking into account the dynamics of foreign trade turnover of circumpolar countries, the authors suggested the model of interstate interaction.Conclusions and Relevance: the development of conceptual provisions for interstate interaction for Arctic development allows us to take into account the main arising risks of the development process. It should be noted, that the main basic conceptual point of interstate interaction of countries in sphere of the Arctic development is the factor of "economic person" behavior within the neoclassical theory. This approach allows us to take into account the possibilities of interstate interaction, both from the point of view of openness of economic systems, and from the point of view of conflicts of interests of participants and the consequences of climate change. The suggested dynamic model of circumpolar countries interaction is based on the factors of multi-sided cooperation of various stakeholders as the main institution for the development of Arctic policy of circumpolar countries. It allows to consider the main risks arising during the of Arctic territories development. 

scholarly journals Ukrainian Tax Terms: Principles of System Approach

2017 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Olena Chorna
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Species Relationship ◽  
Object Feature ◽  
Linguistic Classification ◽  
And Function ◽  
Special Language

The article deals with modern term as a special language sign and its characteristics from the linguists’ point of view. Every language as a means of communication has a strict structure. Different language mechanisms are depend of each other and function as one organization. We know, that system approach to language was made in XIX cent., it became the main only in XX cent. V. V. Wynogradov discovered its basis. Different scientific works on theory of semantic fields (G. Ipsen, J. Trir) were done before contemporary system researches. In our opinion, terminology is the amount of all scientific and professional concepts which belong to certain branch with its inner relations and connections with special knowledge sphere, for which they were invented and used. Every term system is under the influence of general literary lexicon and scientific concepts. Due to different approaches to term definition, we can say, that it belongs to subjectively-valued concepts. System organization of terminology is based on term as a special language sign and on its classification according to their semantic and structure. Linguistic classification base – differentiation of terms according to structure and semantic – gives the opportunity to define subgroups, term categories in terminological system of Modern Ukrainian: subject concepts, names of processes, conditions, etc. we have to notice, that terms can define general concepts or generic and specific. Correlation of terms denoting generic and specific concepts meets yet another criterion system – hierarchy, as subordination more general items to less common in the system. System analysis of terms needs to find connections between elements of term system and to describe its structure (amount of connections and relations between language elements). The principles of system approach to the study of tax terminology are characterized in this article. Correlation of term system ‘tax’ with other terminology can be divided into several connections: 1) with terms of specific sections: podatky zemelni, podatky transportni etc.; 2) with a term used only in the tax area, but no specific correlation with the terminology of a section: zbir, vnesok, aktsyz, poshlyna; 3) with terms that serve not only the tax sector but the financial sector in general and even the economy as a whole: vidomist, deklaratsiia, obsiah zastavy, zvitna dokumentatsiia and so on. Lexical-semantic relations express different kinds of semantic relations between the components of compound terms. Here it is necessary to provide logical and semantic relations that can be derived from the correlation of each component of terminological phrase with a certain logical concepts (object, feature, process, etc.), with the consideration of the interaction of these concepts in the term, and the syntactic and semantic relationships, such as coordination and attributive connections in the phrase aktsyznyi zbir, objective connection in term стягнення податку, coordination in term pokaznyk prybutkovosti etc. Subject-and-logical connections in term system make it possible to identify the relationship between scientific concepts of a certain branch. Genus-species relationship between terms is the most common type of connections (zbir – aktsyznyi zbir, plata – plata orendna neperedbachena, renta – zemelna renta), the whole and partial (prybutkovyi podatok – prybutkovyi podatok z hromadskykh orhanizatsii, prybutkovyi podatok z pidpryiemstv). System approach in terminology is useful because it is difficult to compare term systems of different languages in general because of some their peculiarities. Subsystems and microsystems make comparative research easier and deeper. System approach usage helps to define all types of relations between terms and their constituents, so give deep and full analysis of terms.

The Message of The Damascus Sermon for Muslim-Christian Relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Religious People ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Said Nursi

AbstractThe context in which Bediüzzaman Said Nursi wrote the first version of his now famous Damascus sermon was a meeting on a continent and in an age in which Muslims were being forced to reflect on their identity due to negative interaction with non-Muslims.Meanwhile, the relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims have changed drastically. Nonetheless, not only Muslims but also Christians and even Muslims and Christians together in dialogue now have more rather than fewer reasons to be concerned about the question of how they, based on their authentic religious values, can contribute to a good society.Even the mid-20th century Turkish revision of the Damascus sermon is dated. The document does, however, offer a clarifying template that can still be highly beneficial for Muslims and Christians a century later in striving for what is beneficial for themselves and their environment while keeping their own identities in mind.Christians could also acknowledge a great deal in the six ailments and remedies the healer identifies in the “Six Words.” At the same time, it suits the spirit of the age to proceed not only via a set of major resemblances between both religions but also mutatis mutandis in connection with what is typical for each religion. As a Christian, I would like to flesh this out with “hope,” “faithfulness,” “love,” “unity,” “dignity,” and “consultation,” based on my faith, of which Jesus Christ is the centre.The challenge of today’s and tomorrow’s globalised reality that Muslims and Christians have to cope with is, for instance, to formulate a new Purifying paradigm based on the concepts listed by Nursi, designed to be fully respective of the well understood uniqueness of the other. Christian acceptance of Muslims should not depend on the extent to which they are integrated into Western society, nor should Christians be viewed by Muslims as pre-Muslims.This challenge goes further and is more difficult than striving to come to “a common word”: in fact, we will need to understand a variety of words. But if the efforts are crowned with success, this is a more valid way for Muslims and Christians - who together make up the majority of the world’s population - to be a good example for society.From a Christian point of view and that of the 20th century’s disenchantment, Nursi is overly optimistic when he suggests society can be affected by implementing religious values. Religious people and non-religious people alike in the current demographic will continue to co-exist and individually suffer from the cited and notcited maladies, and this was no different in the golden eras of yore.Nevertheless, we can point to signs of hope when we succeed together in resolving the dilemma of right-wing capitalism and liberalism on the one hand and left-wing communism and socialism on the other by means of our own religiously motivated values to allow Christians, Muslims, and others to sample a bit of the future heaven on earth.

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