Ein Verfahren zur getrennten Untersuchung der einzelnen Mineralbestandteile von Steinmeteoriten mittels spezifischer Lösungsmittel

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1282-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vilcsek ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Gas Measurements

Different chemical solvents are used to dissolve the diverse mineral fractions of stone meteorites for measurements of their rare gas content. In this procedure the meteoritic minerals are dissolved step by step. The main advantage of the method is that the whole meteorite sample is used for the analyses and no restrictions due to grain size occure.As an example, rare gas measurements on the meteorite Mocs are described using the technique. The quality of the separation of the main mineral fraction is shown by chemical analyses.

Der Mond als Mutterkörper der Bronzit-Chondrite

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wänke
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Exposure Ages ◽  
Cosmic Ray Exposure Ages

Knowing the cosmic ray exposure ages of a sufficiently large number of meteorites and using the earth as analyser with special assumptions, criteria can be found to distinguish between a lunar or asteroidal origin of meteorites. Several of the following arguments are based on new and unpublished results of rare gas measurements by HINTENBERGER, SCHULTZ und WÄNKE70.Bronzite-chondrites :1. Arguments for an origin near the surface of the parent body. a) Porosity of the chondrites 0—20%. b) Many bronzite-chondrites contain light primordial rare gases, originating from the exposure of the single meteorite grains to the solar wind. c) Primordial rare gas content always connected with light-dark structure. d) In the distribution of the cosmic ray exposure ages certain groupings can be distinguished. The age distribution of bronzite-chondrites with light primordial rare gases is identical with the distribution of the cosmic ray exposure ages of all bronzite-chondri-tes. The bronzite-chondrites containing primordial gas therefore are probably coming from the very upper layers, and the other bronzite-chondrites from somewhat deeper layers of their parent body.2. Arguments for an origin close to the earth’s orbit. a) Bronzite-chondrites with high cosmic ray exposure ages show a slight tendency to fall in the afternoon (noon until midnight) . b) For the bronzite-chondrites, which are morning falls (midnight until noon), diffusion losses of 3He and 4He are higher and more frequent compared to the afternoon falls. The reason for this can be found in a closer approach to the sun of the first ones. Hypersthene-chondrites do not show this effect. c) Bronzite-chondrites with light primordial rare gas content concentrate among the afternoon falls. d) The mean cosmic ray exposure age of the bronzite-chondrites is considerably lower than that of the hypersthene-chondrites.3. Arguments concerning the size of the parent body. Light primordial rare gas and their connection with light-dark structure indicate a parent body of the size of the moon or a large asteroid.None of these arguments are strictly conclusive. In some cases they are based on observations, which can only be obtained by using statistical methods. Most of these effects are close to the mean error. Adding, however, all observations together, a lunar origin of the bronzite-chondrites becomes nearly undoubtable. A lunar origin of stone meteorites was in recent times first proposed by URET 3.Hypersthene-chondrites :Hypersthene-chondrites with low cosmic ray exposure ages are rare among the morning falls. Their parent body therefore probably has to be found outside the earth’s orbit. Their distribution of the cosmic ray exposure ages may also lead to this conclusion. As proposed by ANDERS 4, the Mars asteroids could possibly be the parent bodies for the hypersthene-chondrites. Mars itself might however be considered also. A lunar origin of the hypersthene-chondrites seems to be completely out of question.

Refining Molten Steel with Argon Blowing by Metal Nozzle Mold Bottom

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Gang Shi ◽  
Zhan Yong Wang ◽  
Sen Gai Yang ◽  
Xiu Ping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw Detection ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Bottom Blowing

Abstract: this paper describes the main characteristics of bottom blowing argon, and by comparing forging adopting the mode of bottom blowing argon process of forging with not using the technology of forging the same time and the same kind of shape of ingot production the same in the forging crack, the results of the ultrasonic flaw detection, grain size, mechanical properties, gas content in liquid steel, the influence of the mold bottom blowing argon through the comparative analysis on the influence of the inclusions, the method of die bottom blowing argon can improve the quality of steel, It is worth promoting. And the principium of die bottom blowing argon is discussed.

Radiogene, spallogene und primordiale Edelgase in Steinmeteoriten III

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hintenberger ◽  
H. König ◽  
L. Schultz ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Exposure Ages ◽  
Cosmic Ray Exposure Ages

The total content as well as the isotopic composition of helium and neon of 36 stone meteorites have been determined. Except for meteorites with primordial rare gas content, the radiogenic component of 4He has been calculated by subtracting the fourfold amount of 3He from the total 4He in order to allow for the spallation fraction of 4He. From the content of radiogenic 4He the U-Th-He-ages of the investigated meteorites have been calculated.From the content of 3He and 21Ne cosmic ray exposure ages were calculated for all meteorites also.With the new data of the 36 stone meteorites, presented in this paper, the total number of stone meteorites, of which rare gas measurements were carried out so far, amounts to 70 bronzitechondrites and 93 hypersthene-chondrites. The earlier indications for marked differences in the distribution of the U-Th-He-ages as well as for the cosmic ray exposure ages between the bronzitechondrites and the hypersthene-chondrites proved to be undoubtedly correct.During our investigations, we found Elm Creek as one additional bronzite-diondrite with high amounts of primordial rare gases. In two other bronzite-chondrites (Cavour and Dimmit) primordial rare gases were also detected, but in rather small amounts.

scholarly journals Messung der Diffusionsverluste von radiogenen und spallogenen Edelgasen in Steinmeteoriten II

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159
Author(s):  
H. Hintenberger ◽  
L. Schultz ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Grain Size Effect ◽  
Helium Content ◽  
Diffusion Loss ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Gas Measurements

Rare gas measurements (helium and neon) were carried out on single mineral components of 10 bronzite-chondrites, 10 hypersthene-chondrites and 1 amphoterite. Diffusion losses of 3He were detected in pyroxene on most meteorites studied. The helium content of olivine was found to be far less effected by diffusion compared to pyroxene. A loss of spallogenic helium is always connected with a loss of radiogenic helium.For most of the bronzite-chondrites the loss of radiogenic helium occured only during the time of cosmic ray exposure due to a more intensive heating caused by orbits closer to the sun. Bronzitechondrites containing high amounts of primordial gases showed equal relative losses of spallogenic and radiogenic helium each. The reason for this unexpected results is not clear, but it might be that it results from a grain-size-effect and perhaps also holds true for all other meteorites as far as diffusion loss in space due to solar heating is concerned.Many of hypersthene-chondrites suffered inside their parent bodies considerable losses of radiogenic helium before their exposure to the cosmic rays. From the radiogenic helium content in pyroxene we calculated an age of 560 · 106 years for five of these meteorites, but we are not quite sure that this is a true age.It could be proved that the highly varying ratio of 3He/21Ne in chondrites cannot be attributed to diffusion losses. Variations up to a factor of 4 were confirmed.The content of 3He in the metal phase of most meteorites investigated was found to be too low up to a factor of 2. A tritium loss in space is suggested as explanation of these deficiencies.

A Comprehensive Computational Study on OCH+-Rg (Rg = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) Complexes

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghong Sheng ◽  
Jerzy Leszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
Equilibrium Geometries

The equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frenquencies, and the dissociation energies of the OCH+-Rg (Rg = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) complexes were calculated at the DFT, MP2, MP4, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. In the lighter OCH+-Rg (Rg = He, Ne, Ar) rare gas complexes, the DFT and MP4 methods tend to produce longer Rg-H+ distance than the CCSD(T) level value, and the CCSD-calculated Rg-H+ bond lengths are slightly shorter. DFT method is not reliable to study weak interaction in the OCH+-He and OCH+-Ne complexes. A qualitative result can be obtained for OCH+-Ar complex by using the DFT method; however, a higher-level method using a larger basis set is required for the quantitative predictions. For heavier atom (Kr, Xe)-containing complexes, only the CCSD method predicted longer Rg-H+ distance than that obtained at the CCSD(T) level. The DFT method can be applied to obtain the semiquantitative results. The relativistic effects are expected to have minor effect on the geometrical parameters, the H+-C stretching mode, and the dissociation energy. However, the dissociation energies are sensitive to the quality of the basis set. The nature of interaction between the OCH+ ion and Rg atoms was also analyzed in terms of the interaction energy components.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

Study on the Behavior of the Cast-Iron Bonded Grinding Wheel to Machining Properties of Hard and Brittle Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
S.L. Ma ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Cong Rong Zhu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
H.C. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
Machining Properties

Tungsten carbide which is a hard and brittle material was ground by cast-iron bonded diamond wheel with ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) technique, for the purpose of getting high efficiency, super-precision machining. Three kinds of cast-iron bonded diamond wheels with different grain size were adopted to get different grinding efficiency and surface quality of workpieces. The grinding properties of cast-iron bonded grinding wheels with different grain size and the ground surface quality of tungsten carbide are discussed in this paper. The experiment results indicate that, under the same feeding amount, the grinding efficiency of the wheel with bigger grain size is higher, and it could make the dimension accuracy of the workpiece controllable, but the wheel with smaller grain size could get better ground surface quality. The two grinding phases are decided by the ratio between the size of abrasive grain and the thickness of the oxide layer on the grinding wheel.

Physical Quality of Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longga Linn) Result of Foam-mat Drying Method Using Microwave

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Dhinar Patliani ◽  
Dian Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Two Factors

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in Indonesia is widely known as a herbal medicinal plant, food coloring, and food flavoring. The high water content of turmeric will shorten the storage time and the quality of the ingredients. The need for drying which is the process of removing the moisture content of the material with the aim of prolonging the shelf life. The use of the foam-mat drying method with the addition of adhesives aims to speed up the drying process and maintain the quality of a material. The result of drying turmeric obtained is turmeric powder product. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the variation of the microwave oven power and the composition of the developer agent (ovalet). The research procedure was divided into two stages, namely the manufacture of powder and continued with the measurement of physical quality. The stages of making powder begin with the preparation of raw materials, stripping, size reduction, addition of developer, drying, then grinding. The second stage is measuring physical quality, namely fineness modulus, average grain size, powder moisture content, color, water absorption, oil absorption, and bulk density. The power variations used are 420 watts, 535 watts, and 680 watts, while the composition of the developer is 1%, 2%, and 4%. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA statistical test with two factors that affect the variation of power and composition of the developer (ovalet). FM values ​​ranged from 0.364 – 1.576, D values ​​ranged from 0.005 – 0.0012 mm, final moisture content values ​​ranged from 7.60 – 9.59%, powder moisture content values ​​ranged from 9.47 – 11.43%ww , L values ​​ranged from 61.46 – 65.96, a values ​​ranged from 13.54 – 16.05, b values ​​ranged from 48.21 – 52.42, DSA values ​​ranged from 2.78 – 3.54 ml/ g, DSM values ​​ranged from 1.22 – 1.60 ml/g, and DC values ​​ranged from 0.38 – 0.44 g/cm3. The combination treatment of drying power with developer is influenced by the drying power of the parameters, namely the value of moisture content, fineness modulus, average grain size, brightness level, redness level, yellowness level, oil absorption, water absorption, and bulk density. While the developer affects the finenes modulus, average grain size, yellowness level, and bulk density.

scholarly journals Influence of Welding Parameters On Grain Size, Haz and Degree of Dilution in 6063-t5 Alloy. Optimisation Through the Taguchi Method of the Gmaw Welding Process.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Meseguer Valdenebro ◽  
Eusebio José Martínez Conesa ◽  
Antonio Portoles
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Taguchi’S Method ◽  
Gmaw Welding ◽  
Made In

Abstract The aim of this work is to carry out the design of experiments that determine the influence of the welding parameters using Taguchi’s method on the grain size, HAZ, and the degree of dilution in 6063-T5 alloy. The welding process used is GMAW and the welding parameters are power, welding speed and bevel spacing. The study of the influence of the welding parameters on the measurements made in the welding (which are the size of heat affected zone, the degree of dilution, and the grain size) allows one to determine the quality of the joint . In addition, the welding parameter most influential in minimising the three measurements will be determined.

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