scholarly journals The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Drought Stress in Moringa peregrina Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
leila foroutan ◽  
mahmood solouki ◽  
Vahid Abdossi ◽  
Barat Ali Fakheri ◽  
Nafiseh Mahdinezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Moringa Peregrina

Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, is a nutritionally and medicinally important desert tree, which is constantly exposed to drought stress. This study was accomplished to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on M. peregrina populations through the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by monitoring some physiological and biochemical alterations. Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from the Southeast of Iran in 2014. Fourteen days after germination, the seedlings were subjected to drought stress by withholding watering until 50% field capacity (FC), followed by spraying 0.1% and 0.05% ZnO-NPs and no spraying (as control). Results: The changes of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorophylls, total phenolic content (TPC) as well as antioxidant activity under drought stress condition varied based on M. peregrina populations. Drought stress significantly reduced chlorophylls content, while it enhanced TPC and antioxidant activity. ZnO-NPs treatment significantly inhibited chlorophylls degradation under drought stress conditions. It also enhanced chlorophyll content in well-watered plants. Moreover, it was revealed that TPC and antioxidant activity of M. peregrina populations significantly increased in response to foliar application of ZnO-NPs in both drought-stressed and unstressed plants. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ZnO-NPs spray can augment drought tolerance of different populations of M. peregrina subjected to water deficit condition.

scholarly journals The Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Enzymatic and Osmoprotectant Alternations in Different Moringa peregrina Populations Under Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Foroutan ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
Vahid Abdossi ◽  
Barat Ali Fakheri
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Moringa Peregrina

Introduction: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori as a desert tree has economic, nutritional, and medicinal properties, and is constantly encountered with drought stress. In addition, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in regulating the drought stress which induces biochemical processes is uncertain in this plant. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biochemical alternations, namely, enzymatic and osmoprotectant which are induced by ZnO-NPs in ten populations of M. peregrina under drought stress. Materials and Methods: Moringa peregrina seeds were collected from southeast of Iran in 2014. The young plants were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation (until 50% filed capacity [FC]) 40 days after germination followed by spraying 0 (as control), 0.05, and 0.1% of the ZnO-NPs. Results: The alternations of Na/K ratio, enzymes activities, and osmoprotectant content varied under drought stress depending on the M. peregrina populations. Generally, drought stress significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as proline content in untreated plants. Further, the Na/K ratio and carbohydrates content significantly decreased under the drought stress. Furthermore, ZnO-NP treatment significantly enhanced POD and PPO activities, as well as proline and carbohydrates content under both well-watered (100% FC) and drought stress conditions (50% FC), and at the concentration of 0.05% rather than 0.1%, ZnO-NPs was more effective. Conclusion: Overall, ZnO-NP treatment could effectively improve the drought tolerance by enhancing the enzymes activities and osmoprotectant content in different M. peregrina populations under drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of ZnO-NPs at 0.05% concentration could be a recommended treatment for growing different M. peregrina populations under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTITYROSINASE AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM THE BROWN SEAWEED-TURBINARIA CONOIDES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoushika Raajshree R. ◽  
Brindha Durairaj
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Algal Extract ◽  
Turbinaria Conoides ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized from brown seaweed Turbinaria conoides.Methods: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles were synthesized from the hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric analysis was performed to confirm the formation of ZnO-NPs. Size, morphology and elemental composition of ZnO-NPs were analysed using SEM-EDAX. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was investigated by total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum method), reducing power assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Anti tyrosinase activity was assessed to validate the skin whitening ability of the ZnO-NPs. Results: The antioxidant activity of ZnO-NPs synthesized from hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides was maximum when compared with that of the hydroethanolic algal extract. The antityrosinase activity of ZnO-NPs was found to be maximum with 75% tyrosinase inhibition when compared to hydroethanolic algal extract which had 56% inhibition at 250μg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Overall our study provides a firm evidence to support that antityrosinase and antioxidant activities are exhibited by ZnO-NPs synthesized from hydroethanolic extract of Turbinaria conoides and it might be used as an antioxidant and as a source of skin whitening agent in cosmetics.

scholarly journals Crotalaria verrucosa Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Siva Sankar Sana ◽  
Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar ◽  
Akbar Pasha ◽  
Smita C. Pawar ◽  
Andrews Nirmala Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps

In this work, we present an ecofriendly, non-hazardous, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa (C. verrucosa). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid and total protein contents of C. verrucosa were determined. Further, synthesized ZnO NPs was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) Spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. UV-vis shows peak at 375 nm which is unique to ZnO NPs. XRD analysis demonstrates the hexagonal phase structures of ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra demonstrates the molecules and bondings associated with the synthesized ZnO NPs and assures the role of phytochemical compounds of C. verrucosa in reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. TEM image exhibits that the prepared ZnO NPs is hexagonal shaped and in size ranged between 16 to 38 nm which is confirmed by DLS. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of biosynthesized nanoparticles during calcination. The prepared ZnO NPs showed significant antibacterial potentiality against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria and SEM image shows the generalized mechanism of action in bacterial cell after NPs internalization. In addition, NPs are also found to be effective against the studied cancer cell lines for which cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and results demonstrate highest growth of inhibition at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with IC50 value at 7.07 µg/mL for HeLa and 6.30 µg/mL for DU145 cell lines, in contrast to positive control (C. verrucosa leaf extract) with IC50 of 22.30 µg/mL on HeLa cells and 15.72 µg/mL on DU145 cells. Also, DAPI staining was performed in order to determine the effect on nuclear material due to ZnO NPs treatment in the studied cell lines taking leaf extract as positive control and untreated negative control for comparison. Cell migration assay was evaluated to determine the direct influence of NPs on metastasis that is potential suppression capacity of NPs to tumor cell migration. Outcome of the synthesized ZnO NPs using C. verrucosa shows antimicrobial activity against studied microbes, also cytotoxicity, apoptotic mediated DNA damage and antiproliferative potentiality in the studied carcinoma cells and hence, can be further used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries as an effective antimicrobial and anti-cancerous agent.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Enriched Extract of Pomegranate Peel; A Novel Precursor for the Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Application in Sunscreens

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Maryam Kokabi ◽  
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Background: Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) from agricultural wastes is an area of great interest due to it is eco-friendly and profitable. Zinc oxide is an inorganic UV-filter commonly used as UV-blocker in a different industry. Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully biosynthesized using Zn(NO3)2 as a substrate by polyphenol enriched fraction (PEF) of pomegranate peel. The biological activity of ZnO NPs was evaluated using MBC and MIC tests for antibacterial and DPPH assay for antioxidant potential. Sunscreen potential of NPs was determined after applying them in water-in-oil emulsions. Results: UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. FE-SEM characterized the morphology and purity of the biosynthesized NPs with EDAX and XRD data. The average crystalline size of ZnO NPs was found to be 22 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the role of phenolic compounds in the formation and stability of ZnO NPs. The antibacterial activity of PEF and its biosynthesized ZnO was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The prepared NPs showed a higher antibacterial effect than the commercial ZnO NPs. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity was also detected for obtained NPs. The PEF powder also exhibited higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity than the standards. Furthermore, the in vitro sun protection factors were estimated after applying NPs in water-in-oil emulsions. Conclusion: This study highlighted the possibility of using PEF of pomegranate peel for the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs as well as applying its NPs in sunscreens to achieve a safe alternative to harmful chemical UV-filters commonly used in cosmetics.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in the Foliar Spraying of Zinc Nutrient and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Tomato Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074
Author(s):  
Razu Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Md. Abdul Quddus ◽  
M. A. Motalib Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tomato Production

Growing vegetables can be seen as a means of improving people’s livelihoods and nutritional status. Tomatoes are one of the world’s most commonly planted vegetable crops. The nutritional arrangement of the tomato depends on the quantity and type of nutrients taken from the growing medium, such assoil and foliar application; therefore, an adequate amount of macro- and micro-nutrients, including zinc (Zn) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), are crucial for tomato production. Zinc foliar spraying is one of the effective procedures that may improve crop quality and yield. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are represented as a biosafety concern for biological materials. Foliar application of Zn showed better results in increasing soluble solids(TSS), firmness, titratable acidity, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, ascorbic acid, amount of lycopene. Researchers have observed the effect of nanoparticles of zinc oxide on various crops, including tomatoes. Foliar spraying of ZnO-NPs gave the most influential results in terms of best planting parameters, namely plant height, early flowering, fruit yields as well as lycopene content. Therefore, more attention should be given to improving quantity and quality as well as nutrient use efficiency of Zn and ZnO-NPs in tomato production. Recent information on the effect of zinc nutrient foliar spraying and ZnO-NPs as a nano fertilizer on tomato productivity is reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Foliar Sprayed Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Manal El-Zohri ◽  
Naseem A. Al-Wadaani ◽  
Sameera O. Bafeel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Tomato Growth

This study explored the effectiveness of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) foliar spray on tomato growth and oxidative stress relief under drought conditions. Tomato plant subjected to four water regimes (100, 75, 50, and 25% FC), and in the same while seedlings were sprayed with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L green ZnO-NPs. The results showed that tomato growth parameters reduced significantly by increasing drought stress levels, while ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth under all studied drought levels. Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress. They increased shoot and root biomass compared to untreated controls. Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2–2.5-fold, respectively, under severe drought conditions (25%) compared to ZnO-NPs untreated plants. The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased the drought-induced oxidative stress as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared to untreated controls. While 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants’ defensive state, in which the concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenols, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants. At severe drought conditions, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold of their corresponding controls, respectively. Likewise, at 25% FC, SOD, CAT, and APX activity increased with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold consecutively compared with their respective controls. Therefore, foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing tomato tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated substantial physiological and molecular changes in tomato

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248778
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pejam ◽  
Zahra Oraghi Ardebili ◽  
Alireza Ladan-Moghadam ◽  
Elham Danaee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

There has long been debate about how nanoproducts meet agricultural requirements. This study aimed to investigate tomato responses to the long-time foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP; 0 and 3 mgl-1) or bulk type (BZnO). Both ZnO-NP and BZnO treatments, especially the nanoform, were significantly capable of improving growth, biomass, and yield. The ZnO-NP treatment upregulated the expression of the R2R3MYB transcription factor by 2.6 folds. The BZnO and ZnO-NP treatments transcriptionally up-regulated WRKY1 gene by 2.5 and 6.4 folds, respectively. The bHLH gene was also upregulated in response to BZnO (2.3-fold) or ZnO-NP (4.7-fold). Moreover, the ZnO-NP application made a contribution to upregulation in the EREB gene whereas the bulk compound did not make a significant change. Upregulation in the HsfA1a gene also resulted from the ZnO-NP (2.8-fold) or BZnO (1.6-fold) supplementation. The MKK2 and CAT genes displayed a similar upregulation trend in response to the supplements by an average of 3-folds. While the application of ZnO-NP slightly down-regulated the histone deacetylases (HDA3) gene by 1.9-fold, indicating epigenetic modification. The supplements, especially the nano-product, enhanced concentrations of K, Fe, and Zn in both leaves and fruits. The concentrations of Chla, Chlb, and carotenoids were increased in response to the BZnO or ZnO-NP treatments. Likewise, BZnO or ZnO-NP mediated an increase in activity of nitrate reductase and proline content in leaves. These treatments increased soluble phenols and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. With a similar trend, the BZnO or ZnO-NP application improved the activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The reinforcement in metaxylem and secondary tissues resulted from the applied supplements. This study provides comprehensive comparative evidence on how ZnO-NPs may remodel the chromatin ultrastructure and transcription program, and confer stress tolerance in crops. This study also underlines the necessity of providing integrated transcriptome and proteome data in future studies.

scholarly journals Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Iziy ◽  
Ahmad Majd ◽  
Mohammad Reza Vaezi-Kakhki ◽  
Taher Nejadsattari ◽  
Sakineh Kazemi Noureini
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
High Concentrations

This report focuses on the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) carrying phycomolecule ligands as a novel plant growth promoter aimed at increasing the crop productivity of purslane (<em>Portulaca oleracea</em> L.). Experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with nine replications. Purslane seeds were treated with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and four concentrations of bulk ZnO (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). The ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the plants treated with of 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup> ZnO NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the treatment with ZnO NPs increased the content of chlorophyll <em>a</em> and chlorophyll <em>b</em>, carotenoids, and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds significantly more than the treatment with bulk ZnO. Our findings also showed that the application of high concentrations of ZnO NPs is the most effective strategy to considerably induce the antioxidant capacity and enzymes of purslane plants. Furthermore, the seed germination percentage and sprout growth rates were significantly higher in the plants treated with 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of ZnO NPs (100% ±0.00), compared to the control plants (93.33% ±1.66). The TEM images revealed the concentration of ZnO NPs and cell membrane rupture, as well as a deformation in the shape of chloroplasts and a decrease in their number in the plants treated with 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup> ZnO NPs, compared to the control plants. Owing to their toxicity, high concentrations of ZnO NPs lead to oxidative stress in plants. Thus, our findings provide a new alternative strategy for increasing crop productivity, i.e., the application of ZnO NPs as a novel plant growth booster, in comparison with the bulk ZnO treatment.

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