scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial potential of aqueous seed extract of Ricinus communis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Peace ME. Ubulom ◽  
Ette O. Ettebong ◽  
Edidiong J. Udofia ◽  
Rachel S Inyang Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Introduction: Ricinus communis is used by the people of Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, for the treatment of various ailments, especially malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial potentials of the aqueous seed extract of R. communis, using Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was assessed in suppressive, repository/ prophylactic and curative models, using Swiss albino mice (15-29 g). Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of parasitized blood. Extract doses administered were 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and each dose had 6 replicates. Artesunate (5 mg/kg/d) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) were used as standard drugs, while distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) served as control. Results: Acute toxicity study produced LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated a dosedependent reduction in parasitaemia in all tests. At the end of 4-day test, suppressive effect of 20.80, 49.00, 75.00 and 88.40% were obtained for doses 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and artesunate, respectively. In the repository test pyrimethamine was more potent (72.26%) than the seed extract (9.47%–51.42%). The extract also exhibited appreciable curative effect. The activity of the seed extract was significant when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Mice treated with the seed extract and drugs survived for longer duration than the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous seed extract of R. communis has antiplasmodial potential and its active principle should be elucidated and further investigated to help in the ongoing fight against malaria.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effects of Lion’s Mane MushroomHericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yang Wong ◽  
Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽  
Jegadeesh Raman ◽  
Chia-Wei Phan ◽  
Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Hericium erinaceusis a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusagainst ethanol-induced ulcers inSprague Dawleyrats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceuson the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcerin vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusprotected gastric mucosa in ourin vivomodel. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals Withania frutescens. L Extract: Phytochemical Characterization and Acute and Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background. Withania frutescens. L (W. frutescens) is a perennial woody medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae largely used by the indigenous population to Morocco for the treatment of disease. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, acute, and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens extract in mice. Materials and Methods. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC/MS). Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice through oral administration of single doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was performed with oral administration of repeated doses 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), as well as histopathological changes potentially occurred in organs, (liver, kidney, and spleen) were evaluated. Results. The results of chromatographic analysis showed the richness of W. frutescens extract in interesting phytochemical compounds majorly constituted of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-(C10H16). Regarding acute toxicity study, the results showed no clinical symptoms occurred in treated mice compared to the control group and no histological changes detected in analyzed organs of treated mice with dose put to 2000 mg/kg nor adverse effect on biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The outcome of this work showed no toxic effect of W. frutescens in mice up to dose 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Therefore, this study could scientifically validate further traditional use with safety in the range of tested doses.

Amphiphilic poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles as carriers for non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs: In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute toxicity study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Kuskov ◽  
Pavel P. Kulikov ◽  
Anastasia V. Goryachaya ◽  
Manolis N. Tzatzarakis ◽  
Anca O. Docea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis (Euphorbiaceae) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Christian Chibuogwu ◽  
U. Obioma Njoku ◽  
F. C. Okwesili Nwodo ◽  
E. O. Vincent Ozougwu ◽  
N. Victor Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease

Abstract Background The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis have been found to have important application both in traditional medicine and as an edible vegetable in Nigerian soups. It is popularly employed in Nigeria for the treatment of anemia, diabetes, and malaria. The dearth of information on its toxicity prompted this study. Mice were administered single oral doses of 10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg b.wt (n = 3/group) of the extract and were observed for 24 h for any sign of toxicity and mortality in the acute toxicity study. For the sub-acute toxicity study, doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.wt of the extract were administered to experimental rats (n = 6/group) for 28 days after which the assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as liver and kidney histology was conducted post-treatment. Body weight of the animals was also taken weekly. Results The result showed that percentage weight gain decreased as the dose of extract increased. The haematological and biochemical parameters showed that the extract had no toxic effect on experimental animals, though there was a non-significant dose-dependent decrease in WBC. The extract also showed potential to cause hepatotoxicity at the highest dose. Conclusion Though the median lethal dose of the plant extract suggests relative safety of the plant material, consuming large amounts over a prolonged time may need to be discouraged to avoid potential damage to vital organs such as the liver.

Acute Toxicity study of Synthesized drug and Herbal Product

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Tanuja Yadav ◽  
Sachin Rohane
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Short Period

Acute toxicity study describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time. Whenever an investigator administered a chemical substance or herbal drug to a biological system different types of interactions can occur and a series of dose-related responses result. In most cases these responses are desired and useful, but there are a number of other effects which are not advantageous. These may or may not be harmful to the patient. Acute toxicity study is involved in estimation of LD50. Also it determines the therapeutic index i.e ratio between the lethal dose and the pharmacologically effective dose in the same strain and species. This article Review the methods so for utilized for the determination of acute toxicity.

scholarly journals Study the Acute & Sub Acute Toxicity of Ricinus cummunis Lnn. Ethanol Extract of Seed in Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal H. AL-Jborrey ◽  
Muastafa A. K. Altaie ◽  
Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background: Toxicity still a global problem for the environment, agriculture and ultimately human health. Objective: In this study attempt to investigate the toxicological profile of the ethanol, extract of Ricinus cummunis after acute and sub-chronic administration to mice. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the extract at doses of 1000,2000,3000,4000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, was gave orally. Mice were observed for general behavioral changes, adverse effects and mortality up to 10 days post-treatment. In sub-acute toxicity studies, herbal extract was gave orally to mice at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg for 10 days. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the mortality appeared in 2000 mg/kg and LD50 were calculated at 1100 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity the study show significant differences in body weight between the control and treated groups (p < 0.05). Histopathology of vital organ (liver & kidney) show morphological changes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the real toxic effect of the ethanolic extract after single dose. The LD50 value is 1100 mg/kg and research indicates that successive use of the seed at the dose above (2 g/kg in human) daily for long period may cause toxic signs. Highlights: The Ricinus communis oil's has wide variety of industrial applications: as a drying oil for paints, varnishes, plastics and resins is an ingredient in numerous cosmetics. But it need to toxicity study as acute and sub-acute with observation of hematological and histopathological to be more safety  for used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document