The Acute Effect of Mouth Only Breathing on Time to Completion, Heart Rate, Rate of Perceived Exertion, Blood Lactate, and Ventilatory Measures During a High-Intensity Shuttle Run Sequence

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Meir ◽  
Guang-Gao Zhao ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Rosalind Beavers ◽  
Allan Davie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Shuttle Run

Physiological Responses to Cycling for 60 Minutes at Maximal Lactate Steady State

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Lajoie ◽  
Louis Laurencelle ◽  
François Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Continuous Test

Changes in physiological variables during a 60-min continuous test at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) were studied using highly conditioned cyclists (1 female and 9 males, aged 28.3 ± 8.1 years). To determine power at MLSS, we tested at 8-min increments and interpolated the power corresponding to a blood lactate value of 4 mmol/L. During the subsequent 60-min exercise at MLSS, we observed a sequential increase of physiological parameters, in contrast to stable blood lactate. Heart rate drifted upward from beginning to end of exercise. This became statistically significant after 30 min. From 10-60 min of exercise, a change of + 12.6 ± 3.2 bpm was noted. Significant drift was seen after 30 min for the respiratory exchange ratio, after 40 min for the rate of perceived exertion using the Borg scale, and after 50 min for % [Formula: see text] and minute ventilation. This slow component of [Formula: see text] may be the result of higher recruitment of type II fibers. Key words: Rate of perceived exertion, heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, cycling

scholarly journals Different intensities of basketball drills affect jump shot accuracy of expert and junior players

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marcolin ◽  
Nicola Camazzola ◽  
Fausto Antonio Panizzolo ◽  
Davide Grigoletto ◽  
Antonio Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Different Levels

Background In basketball a maximum accuracy at every game intensity is required while shooting. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of three different drill intensity simulation protocols on jump shot accuracy in expert and junior basketball players. Materials & Methods Eleven expert players (age 26 ± 6 yrs, weight 86 ± 11 kg, height 192 ± 8 cm) and ten junior players (age 18 ± 1 yrs, weight 75 ± 12 kg, height 184 ± 9 cm) completed three series of twenty jump shots at three different levels of exertion. Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) height was also measured after each series of jump shots. Exertion’s intensity was induced manipulating the basketball drills. Heart rate was measured for the whole duration of the tests while the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected at the end of each series of shots. Results Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were statistically different in the three conditions for both expert and junior players. CMJ height remained almost unchanged in both groups. Jump shot accuracy decreased with increasing drills intensity both in experts and junior players. Expert players showed higher accuracy than junior players for all the three levels of exertion (83% vs 64%, p < 0.001; 75% vs 57%, p < 0.05; 76% vs 60%, p < 0.01). Moreover, for the most demanding level of exertion, experts showed a higher accuracy in the last ten shots compared to the first ten shots (82% vs 70%, p < 0.05). Discussion Experts coped better with the different exertion’s intensities, thus maintaining a higher level of performance. The introduction of technical short bouts of high-intensity sport-specific exercises into skill sessions should be proposed to improve jump shot accuracy during matches.

scholarly journals Acute ischemic preconditioning does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Coelho Marocolo ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
André Monteiro Londe ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Octávio Barbosa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Continuous and Intermittent Cycling

2011 ◽  
Vol 29A (Special-Issue) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Brasil ◽  
Ana Barreto ◽  
Leandro Nogueira ◽  
Edil Santos ◽  
Jefferson Novaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion

Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Continuous and Intermittent CyclingThe present study tested the hypothesis that the exercise protocol (continuous vs. intermittent) would affect the physiological response and the perception of effort during aquatic cycling. Each protocol was divided on four stages. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, central and peripheral rate of perceived exertion were collected in both protocols in aquatic cycling in 10 women (values are mean ± SD): age=32.8 ± 4.8 years; height=1.62 ± 0.05 cm; body mass=61.60 ± 5.19 kg; estimated body fat=27.13 ± 4.92%. Protocols were compared through two way ANOVA with Scheffé's post-hoc test and the test of Mann- Whitney for rate of perceived exertion with α=0.05. No systematic and consistent differences in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, double product and blood lactate concentration were found between protocols. On the other hand, central rate of perceived exertion was significantly higher at stage four during continuous protocol compared with intermittent protocol (p=0.01), while the peripheral rate of perceived exertion presented higher values at stages three (p=0.02) and four (p=0.00) in the continuous protocol when compared to the results found in intermittent protocol. These findings suggest that although the aquatic cycling induces similar physiologic demands in both protocols, the rate of perceived exertion may vary according to the continuous vs. intermittent nature of the exercise.

scholarly journals Self-Selected Versus Standardised Warm-Ups; Physiological Response on 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Amelia F. Dingley ◽  
Alexander P. Willmott ◽  
John F. T. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Similar Performance

This study investigated the effectiveness of a self-selected (SS) warm-up on 500 m sprint kayak performance (K500) compared to continuous (CON) and intermittent high intensity (INT)-type warm-ups. Twelve nationally ranked sprint kayakers (age 17.7 ± 2.3 years, mass 69.2 ± 10.8 kg) performed CON (15 min at the power at 2 m·mol−1), INT (10 min at 2 m·mol−1, followed by 5 × 10 s sprints at 200% power at VO2max with 50 s recovery at 55% power at VO2max), and SS (athlete’s normal competition warm-up) warm-ups in a randomised order. After a five-minute passive recovery, K500 performance was determined on a kayak ergometer. Heart rate and blood lactate (BLa) were recorded before and immediately after each warm-up and K500 performance. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at the end of the warm-up and K500. BLa, heart rate, and RPE were generally higher after the INT than CON and SS warm-ups (p < 0.05). No differences in these parameters were found between the conditions for the time trial (p > 0.05). RPE and changes in BLa and heart rate after the K500 were comparable. There were no differences in K500 performance after the CON, SS, or INT warm-ups. Applied practitioners can, therefore, attain similar performance independent of warm-up type.

scholarly journals Validity, Reliability, and Application of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Loads during High Intensity Functional Training

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Crawford ◽  
Nicholas Drake ◽  
Michael Carper ◽  
Justin DeBlauw ◽  
Katie Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
External Work ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Match Rate

The session rate of perceived exertion method (sRPE) has often been utilized in sports activities in which quantification of external training loads is challenging. The multi-modal, constantly varied nature of high intensity functional training (HIFT) represents a significant hurdle to calculate external work and the sRPE method may provide an elegant solution to this problem. However, no studies have investigated the psychometric properties of sRPE within HIFT interventions. Twenty-five healthy men and women participated in six weeks of HIFT. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were assessed within every training session throughout the duration of the intervention. Compared to criterion heart rate-based measures, we observed sRPE method is a valid tool across individual, group, and sex levels. However, poor reliability in participants’ abilities to correctly match rate of perceived exertion with the relative level of physiologic effort (i.e., percentile of maximum heart rate) currently limits the utility of this strategy within HIFT. When applied, the validity and reliability of the sRPE seem to improve over time, and future research should continue to explore the potential of this monitoring strategy within HIFT interventions.

scholarly journals Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9791
Author(s):  
Gabriel V. Protzen ◽  
Charles Bartel ◽  
Victor S. Coswig ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Fabricio B. Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate loading compromises high-intensity sprint performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havemann ◽  
S. J. West ◽  
J. H. Goedecke ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
A. St Clair Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sympathetic Activation

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by 1 day of carbohydrate (CHO) loading on substrate utilization, heart rate variability (HRV), effort perception [rating or perceived exertion (RPE)], muscle recruitment [electromyograph (EMG)], and performance during a 100-km cycling time trial. In this randomized single-blind crossover study, eight well-trained cyclists completed two trials, ingesting either a high-CHO diet (HCD) (68% CHO energy) or an isoenergetic HFD (68% fat energy) for 6 days, followed by 1 day of CHO loading (8–10 g CHO/kg). Subjects completed a 100-km time trial on day 1 and a 1-h cycle at 70% of peak oxygen consumption on days 3, 5, and 7, during which resting HRV and resting and exercising respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured. On day 8, subjects completed a 100-km performance time trial, during which blood samples were drawn and EMG was recorded. Ingestion of the HFD reduced RER at rest ( P < 0.005) and during exercise ( P < 0.01) and increased plasma free fatty acid levels ( P < 0.01), indicating increased fat utilization. There was a tendency for the low-frequency power component of HRV to be greater for HFD-CHO ( P = 0.056), suggestive of increased sympathetic activation. Overall 100-km time-trial performance was not different between diets; however, 1-km sprint power output after HFD-CHO was lower ( P < 0.05) compared with HCD-CHO. Despite a reduced power output with HFD-CHO, RPE, heart rate, and EMG were not different between trials. In conclusion, the HFD-CHO dietary strategy increased fat oxidation, but compromised high intensity sprint performance, possibly by increased sympathetic activation or altered contractile function.

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