scholarly journals Validity, Reliability, and Application of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Loads during High Intensity Functional Training

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Crawford ◽  
Nicholas Drake ◽  
Michael Carper ◽  
Justin DeBlauw ◽  
Katie Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
External Work ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Match Rate

The session rate of perceived exertion method (sRPE) has often been utilized in sports activities in which quantification of external training loads is challenging. The multi-modal, constantly varied nature of high intensity functional training (HIFT) represents a significant hurdle to calculate external work and the sRPE method may provide an elegant solution to this problem. However, no studies have investigated the psychometric properties of sRPE within HIFT interventions. Twenty-five healthy men and women participated in six weeks of HIFT. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were assessed within every training session throughout the duration of the intervention. Compared to criterion heart rate-based measures, we observed sRPE method is a valid tool across individual, group, and sex levels. However, poor reliability in participants’ abilities to correctly match rate of perceived exertion with the relative level of physiologic effort (i.e., percentile of maximum heart rate) currently limits the utility of this strategy within HIFT. When applied, the validity and reliability of the sRPE seem to improve over time, and future research should continue to explore the potential of this monitoring strategy within HIFT interventions.

scholarly journals Carga interna y externa en el tenis de competición: comparación de tres tipos de entrenamiento (Internal and external load in competitive tennis: comparison of three types of training)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 534-541
Author(s):  
Alberto Rodríguez Cayetano ◽  
Óscar Martín Martín ◽  
Félix Hernández Merchán ◽  
Salvador Pérez Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Made In

  El objetivo principal de esta investigación es cuantificar la carga externa y la carga interna en tres tipos de entrenamiento (cubos con la mano, cubos con raqueta y peloteos) más utilizados en el ámbito del tenis de competición y compararlos entre sí. Participaron 6 jugadores de tenis (cuatro jugadores masculinos y 2 jugadoras) con una media de edad de 16.67 (± 2.73) años. Para cuantificar las cargas, se han utilizado pulsómetros POLAR +M400 para recoger los datos relacionados con la frecuencia cardíaca, distancia recorrida, velocidad media y máxima, y sensores ZEPP TENNIS, con los que se han recogido los datos relativos a tipo de golpe, número de golpeos y velocidad de raqueta en cada uno de los golpes realizados. Además, para registrar la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, en cada tarea realizada y al final de cada entrenamiento, se ha utilizado la Escala de Borg CR-10 (Borg, 1982). Se realizaron 9 sesiones de entrenamiento por parejas: tres para el entrenamiento del drive, tres para el entrenamiento del revés y tres para el entrenamiento del drive y el revés de forma conjunta, una para cada tipo de entrenamiento. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el entrenamiento de cubos con la mano tiene mayor carga interna en cuanto a número de golpeos y velocidad media de raqueta, siendo el entrenamiento de peloteos el que mayor carga externa refleja en relación a velocidades y distancias recorridas. Abstract. The main objective of this research is to quantify the external load and the internal load in three types of training (buckets with the hand, buckets with racket and rallies) most used in the field of tennis and compare them to each other. Six tennis players participated (four male and two female players) with an average age of 16.67 (± 2.73) years. To quantify the loads, POLAR +M400 heart rate monitors were used to collect the data related to heart rate, distance covered, average and maximum speed, and ZEPP TENNIS sensors were used to collect the data related to type of stroke, number of strokes and racket speed for each of the strokes made. In addition, the Borg CR-10 Scale (Borg, 1982) has been used to record the rate of perceived exertion, in each task performed and at the end of each training session. Nine training sessions were carried out in pairs: three for drive training, three for backhand training and three for drive and backhand training together, one for each type of training. The results obtained show that bucket training with the hand has a greater internal load in terms of the number of strokes and average racket speed, with racket training having the greatest external load in relation to speed and distance travelled.

scholarly journals Acute ischemic preconditioning does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Coelho Marocolo ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
André Monteiro Londe ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
Octávio Barbosa Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a high-intensity intermittent exercise performance and physiological indicators in amateur soccer players. Thirteen players (21.5 ± 2 yrs) attended three trials separated by 3–5 days in a counterbalanced randomized cross-over design: IPC (4 × 5-min occlusion 220 mmHg/reperfusion 0 mmHg) in each thigh; SHAM (similar to the IPC protocol but “occlusion” at 20 mmHg) and control (seated during the same time of IPC). After 6-min of each trial (IPC, SHAM or control), the players performed the YoYo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 (YoYoIE2). The distance covered in the YoYoIE2 (IPC 867 ± 205 m; SHAM 873 ± 212 m; control 921 ± 206 m) was not different among trials (p = 0.10), furthermore, lactate concentration and rate of perceived exertion did not differ (P > 0.05) among protocols. There were also no significant differences in either mean heart rate (HR) or peak HR (p > 0.05) for both IPC and SHAM compared to control. Therefore, we conclude that acute IPC does not influence high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in amateur soccer players and that rate of perceived exertion, heart rate and lactate do not differ between the intervention IPC, SHAM and control.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Responses during High-Intensity Functional Training in Child Female Gymnasts

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Andreas Salagas ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Female Gymnasts

AIM: Energy supply in artistic gymnastics is derived mainly through the anaerobic metabolism, due to the brief duration of the competitive routines. However, during training, gymnasts perform repetitive exercises and routines, which may require aerobic adaptations, in order to recover fast and maintain high quality of execution. To improve this aspect of fitness, coaches use high-intensity interval circuit training with sport-specific exercises. Despite the popularity of this training method, there is limited information regarding the demands placed on aerobic metabolism, especially in very young athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine heart rate responses during a high-intensity functional training session in female child gymnasts, to indirectly assess the contribution of aerobic energy metabolism. MATERIAL & METHOD: Seventeen girls aged 9.8 ± 0.8 years (height, 1.38 ± 0.10 m; body mass, 33.7 ± 7.25 kg) performed two 5-min sets, each consisting of five rounds of five gymnastics exercises (5–7 s work and equal rest) executed at maximal effort. The two sets were separated by a 3-min recovery period. Prior to the main measurement, athletes performed a 20-m shuttle run test until exhaustion where maximum heart rate (HRmax) was measured and the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated. Heart rate was continuously monitored during all sessions using a Polar team 2 system. RESULTS: VO2max was 47.8 ± 3.0 mL kg-1 min-1 and HRmax was 207 ± 5 bpm. During the first set, peak HR was 192 ± 7 bpm and average HR was 171 ± 8 bpm (83% HRmax). During the second set, peak HR was 196 ± 8 bpm and average HR was increased to 186 ± 6 bpm (90% HRmax, p < 0.001 compared with set 1). The time during which HR was above 90% of HRmax was 2.0 ± 1.2min in set 1 and increased to 3.4 ± 1.7 min in set 2 (p < 0.01). HR recovery was similar after both sets, with HR decreasing by about 30% (to 139 ± 7 bpm and 134 ± 10 bpm) after 2 min (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high-intensity training using sport-specific exercises increases HR to levels above 90% HRmax for extended time periods. Thus, this type of training may be an appropriate stimulus for concurrent improvements in muscle strength/power and aerobic fitness.

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

Effects of isolated or combined carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation between 2 daily training sessions on soccer performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Amorim Andrade-Souza ◽  
Romulo Bertuzzi ◽  
Gustavo Gomes de Araujo ◽  
David Bishop ◽  
Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Plasma Lactate Concentration ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Previous Training

This study aimed to investigate whether isolated or combined carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation have beneficial effects on performance during soccer-related tests performed after a previous training session. Eleven male, amateur soccer players completed 4 trials in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover design. In the morning, participants performed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST). Then, participants ingested (i) 1.2 g·kg−1 body mass·h−1 CHO in a 20% CHO solution immediately after and 1, 2, and 3 h after the LIST; (ii) CAF (6 mg·kg−1 body mass) 3 h after the LIST; (iii) CHO combined with CAF (CHO+CAF); and (iv) placebo. All drinks were taste-matched and flavourless. After this 4-h recovery, participants performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) test, a Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), and a repeated-sprint test. There were no main effects of supplementation for CMJ, LSPT total time, or best sprint and total sprint time from the repeated-sprint test (p > 0.05). There were also no main effects of supplementation for heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure–displeasure, and perceived activation (p > 0.05). However, there were significant time effects (p < 0.05), with heart rate, plasma lactate concentration, RPE, and perceived activation increasing with time, and pleasure–displeasure decreasing with time. In conclusion, isolated and/or combined CHO and CAF supplementation is not able to improve soccer-related performance tests when performed after a previous training session.

scholarly journals Effects of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Functional Training on Glucose Control and Body Composition among Overweight and Obese Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Feito ◽  
Pratik Patel ◽  
Andrea Sal Redondo ◽  
Katie Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Training Modalities

High-intensity exercise has been found to positively influence glucose control, however, the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) for overweight and obese sedentary adults without diabetes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition and glucose control from eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training (A-RT) compared to HIFT. Session time spent doing daily workouts was recorded for each group. Baseline and posttest measures included height, weight, waist circumference, dual X-ray absorptiometry (body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass), and fasting blood glucose. Participants completing the intervention (78%, n = 9 per group) were 67% female, age = 26.8 ± 5.5 years, and had body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose and 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests were used as primary outcome variables. On average, the HIFT group spent significantly less time completing workouts per day and week (ps < 0.001). No significant differences were found for body composition or glucose variables within- or between-groups. Even though our findings did not provide significant differences between groups, future research may utilize the effect sizes from our study to conduct fully-powered trials comparing HIFT with other more traditional training modalities.

Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate loading compromises high-intensity sprint performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havemann ◽  
S. J. West ◽  
J. H. Goedecke ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
A. St Clair Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sympathetic Activation

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by 1 day of carbohydrate (CHO) loading on substrate utilization, heart rate variability (HRV), effort perception [rating or perceived exertion (RPE)], muscle recruitment [electromyograph (EMG)], and performance during a 100-km cycling time trial. In this randomized single-blind crossover study, eight well-trained cyclists completed two trials, ingesting either a high-CHO diet (HCD) (68% CHO energy) or an isoenergetic HFD (68% fat energy) for 6 days, followed by 1 day of CHO loading (8–10 g CHO/kg). Subjects completed a 100-km time trial on day 1 and a 1-h cycle at 70% of peak oxygen consumption on days 3, 5, and 7, during which resting HRV and resting and exercising respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured. On day 8, subjects completed a 100-km performance time trial, during which blood samples were drawn and EMG was recorded. Ingestion of the HFD reduced RER at rest ( P < 0.005) and during exercise ( P < 0.01) and increased plasma free fatty acid levels ( P < 0.01), indicating increased fat utilization. There was a tendency for the low-frequency power component of HRV to be greater for HFD-CHO ( P = 0.056), suggestive of increased sympathetic activation. Overall 100-km time-trial performance was not different between diets; however, 1-km sprint power output after HFD-CHO was lower ( P < 0.05) compared with HCD-CHO. Despite a reduced power output with HFD-CHO, RPE, heart rate, and EMG were not different between trials. In conclusion, the HFD-CHO dietary strategy increased fat oxidation, but compromised high intensity sprint performance, possibly by increased sympathetic activation or altered contractile function.

Effects of Bout Duration on Players’ Internal and External Loads During Small-Sided Games in Young Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Köklü ◽  
Utku Alemdaroğlu ◽  
Hamit Cihan ◽  
Del P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
External Loads

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different bout durations on internal and external loads of young soccer players during different small-sided games (SSGs). Methods: Fifteen young male soccer players (average age 17 ± 1 y) participated in 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, and 4 vs 4 SSGs. All games lasted 12 min playing time in total, but each SSG format further consisted of 4 bout durations: continuous (CON: 1 bout × 12 min) or interval with short (SBD: 6 bouts  × 2 min), medium (MBD: 3 bouts × 4 min), or long (LBD: 2 bouts × 6 min) bout durations. During the SSGs, heart-rate (HR) responses and distance covered in different speed zones (walking and low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity running) were measured. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate (La−) were determined at the end of each SSG. Results: The SBD format elicited significantly lower %HRmax responses compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). The SBD format also showed significantly shorter distances covered in walking and greater distances covered in moderate-intensity running, as well as significantly greater total distance covered compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). In addition, LBD produced significantly lower La− and RPE responses than SBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that coaches and sport scientists who want to achieve higher internal loads could use SBD and CON timing protocols, while those who want to achieve higher external loads might prefer to use SBD and MBD when planning all SSG formats.

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