scholarly journals The Usefulness of Marketing Strategies in a Regulated Market: Evidence from the Spanish Tobacco Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Alejandro Almeida ◽  
Aida Galiano ◽  
Antonio A. Golpe ◽  
Juan Manuel Martín Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Bass Model ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper outlines possible useful marketing strategies for companies to develop in a regulated market. The empirical analysis aims to highlight whether companies can use marketing strategies to create competitive advantages and scale positions in sales leadership once regulation policies are introduced. To this end, we apply two econometric approaches to sales variables for 138 best-selling cigarette brands: the Bass Model (1969) to estimate the parameters that determine the way clients adopt, and the methodology proposed by Hartigan and Wong (1979) for a further cluster analysis that groups brands. The empirical results suggest that restrictions on demand introduced to the Spanish tobacco market during the years 2005 and 2006, have generated a new scenario in which innovation parameters have no effect on the process of adoption. Therefore, the imitation coefficient is the parameter which makes discrimination between brands possible, which demonstrates the existence of heterogeneity among brands based only on recommendation. The results show the inability of direct marketing strategies to create advantages and scale positions in sales leadership after the introduction of regulation policies, however companies have other marketing options such as imitation among clients and these have proven to be effective since imitation shows heterogeneous behaviour among brands across the diffusion process. This has implications that should be taken into account in markets which are on the verge of being regulated, specifically the modification of marketing strategies if the intention is to lead and scale position in a regulated market. In particular, in the case of Spain, policymakers must acknowledge that the measures implemented in law 28/2005 have had an effect on marketing strategies by cancelling, in practical terms, the diffusion of brands based on innovation and homogenizing the diffusion process based on direct marketing.

Tourism Search and Metasearch Engines for Online Booking

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-97
Author(s):  
Trinidad Domínguez ◽  
Noelia Araújo ◽  
Jose Antonio Fraiz ◽  
Elisa Alén
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tourism Websites ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This chapter aims to analyze the different tourism search and metasearch engines for online booking based on supplier perspective (accommodation, flights, leisure and package deals) and taking into account the possible relations generated by the structure and content variables of web offers. A literature review is carried out to study user experience and provide greater in-depth knowledge which will, in turn, in addition to observation of online booking, trends, data, and profile and user preferences. With this information, the study establishes the main attributes of strucuture and offer content of webs focused on the user preferences. The empirical analysis is based on a representative sample of e-commerce of tourism websites, its main characteristics and possible correlations according to the structure and content of their offers. Based on this, the work identifies competitive advantages that will set the trends for the sector and future short-term strategies.

Testing Weak-Form Efficiency and Long-Term Causality of the Emerging Capital Markets in Romania, India, Poland, and Hungary

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-197
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Emerging Stock Markets ◽  
Emerging Capital Markets ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Weak Form Efficiency

The main purpose of this chapter is testing weak-form efficiency and long-term causality of the emerging capital markets in Romania, India, Poland and Hungary. According to Spulbar and Birau, the empirical analysis is focused on BET index (Romania), WIG 20 index (Poland), BSE index (India) and BUX index (Hungary) from January 2000 to July 2018. The empirical results revealed that there is no long-term causality between the selected emerging stock markets analyzed during the period of January 2000 to July 2018. The book chapter provides additional empirical evidence of emerging capital markets behavior since the empirical analysis revealed that ADF t statistics rejected the null hypotheses of a unit root, so the selected financial data series are stationary in all selected cases. Moreover, the empirical results have revealed that the efficient market hypothesis has not been validated and there is no long-term causality between the selected emerging stock markets during the sample period from January 2000 to July 2018.

Different types of deficient democracies: Reassessing the relevance of diminished subtypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212199568
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Lauth ◽  
Oliver Schlenkrich ◽  
Lukas Lemm
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Radial Approach ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Typologies are widely applied tools in democracy research. There are two prominent ways of constructing subtypes of democracies: whereas the classical approach adds traits successively to gain regular subtypes, the radial approach subtracts traits from the concept to obtain diminished subtypes. Conceptually, we argue that radial types have distinct advantages over the classical approach. Diminished subtypes can deal with complex concepts with multiple interrelated dimensions without a clear hierarchy and can account for the gradual nature of political phenomena. We derive three diminished subtypes of democracy: illiberal, inegalitarian and unaccountable democracies. The empirical analysis draws on a customized version of the new Varieties of Democracy dataset. Contrary to the dominating criticism of the radial delusion by the classical approach, an elaborate cluster analysis with a strong focus on validation and robustness checks can identify empirically the deductively proposed diminished subtypes of democracies which could not be demonstrated so far.

scholarly journals Can Managing Overseas Experience Improve Investment Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Yuchao Zhou ◽  
Caixia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
A Share

The efficient investment of enterprises is inseparable from the professional ability of managers. It has been found that the overseas experience of corporate executives can improve the investment ability of managers.This paper takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2020 as the research object, and investigates whether managers' overseas experience can improve the investment efficiency of enterprises. The empirical analysis results show that enterprises with overseas managers can improve the phenomenon of over investment, but the impact on the underinvestment is not significant.Based on the empirical results, it is found that the characteristics of managerial returnees have different impacts on enterprises in different industries. Compared with export-oriented enterprises, the characteristics of managerial returnees have more significant impacts on export-oriented enterprises.The reason for these results may be that managers' overseas experience is more conducive to the development of non-export-oriented enterprises.

Research on the U.S. Coal Cupply-Demand Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1697-1701
Author(s):  
Pei Pei Zhang ◽  
Tian Hua Shan ◽  
Cui Cui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Coal Supply ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Good Agreement

The production’s SPL distribution of the U.S. coal supply enterprises from 1983 to 2011 was obtained from the empirical analysis. And the nameplate capacity’s SPL distribution of the U.S. existing electric generating units in 2009 was obtained. Based on a universal bipartite model of the energy supply-demand network, the numerical results of the U.S. coal supply-demand network are obtained, which are in good agreement with the empirical results.

scholarly journals Does a CEO's Cultural Background Affect Community Related CSR Activities?

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
Nida Aman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Regression Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

By using the large sample having the 9658 observations, this study investigates the impact of the CEO's cultural background on the community-related CSR activities. From the empirical analysis, it is found that different cultural dimensions affected differently. Individualistic and masculine CEOs are positively and significantly related to community-related CSR activities. It is also found that uncertainty avoidance is negatively and significantly related to community-related CSR activities. This study has used the data from the year 2002 to 2015 and employed a pooled regression technique to find the empirical results. This is the first study in its nature and provides a direction for future research.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

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