Falling into Fieldwork in Japan

In the Field ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 120-141
Author(s):  
George Gmelch ◽  
Sharon Bohn Gmelch
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
College Basketball ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Basketball Team ◽  
Japanese Mothers

For professional anthropologists, thinking anthropologically is part of everyday life, not just something they do while engaged in field work. This is demonstrated on two occasions when the authors, as visiting faculty at a Japanese university, can’t help doing research. For Sharon it is among Japanese mothers and at the yochien or kindergarten their son Morgan attends, while George turns his anthropological lens on the college basketball team that he joins years later. For both, everyday activities reveal essential characteristics of Japanese culture.

Perfectionism, Self-Efficacy, and Depression: Preliminary Analysis of the Japanese Version of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
High Standards

The Almost Perfect Scale–Revised is a self-report measure of perfectionism. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the scale's Japanese version and its relation to self-efficacy and depression. Japanese university students ( N = 249) completed the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised along with the General Self-Efficacy Scale–12 and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors: Discrepancy, High Standards, and Order. Estimates of internal consistency reliability for the three subscales were high. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised in another group of Japanese university students ( N = 206) supported the 3-factor structure. Cluster analyses using the three subscales yielded four clusters. In addition to adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists, identified in previous studies, a normal perfectionists group was identified, with mean scores similar to those of the total sample and depression and self-efficacy scores close to those of nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists, characterized by high scores on High Standards and Order and low scores on Discrepancy, also had higher scores on self-efficacy and lower scores on depression than maladaptive perfectionists and even nonperfectionists. The influence of Japanese culture is discussed.

scholarly journals Women on the Path of the Goddess: Sacred Technologies of the Everyday

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Åsa Trulsson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Peak Experiences ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Everyday World ◽  
Truth Claims

Contemporary spiritualties are often portrayed as a turn to a subjective and individualized form of religion, consisting of individually held truth claims or private peak experiences that are generated sporadically at retreats and workshops. The portrayal is ultimately related to a perception of everyday life in contemporary Euro-America as mundane, rationalized, and secular, but also the exclusion of practices centered on the body, the home and the everyday from what is deemed properly religious. This article explores the sacred technologies of the everyday among women in England who identify as Goddess worshippers. The purpose is to further the understanding of religion and the everyday, as well as the conceptualization of contemporary Goddess-worship as lived religion. Through examining narratives on the intersection between religion and everyday activities, the technologies of imbuing everyday life with a sacred dimension become visible. The sacred technologies imply skills that enable both imagining and relating to the sacred. The women consciously and diligently work to cultivate skills that would allow them to sense and make sense of the sacred, in other words, to foster a sense of withness through the means of a host of practices. I argue that the women actively endeavor to establish an everyday world that is experienced as inherently different from the secular and religious fields in their surroundings; hence it is not from disenchantment or an endeavor with no social consequences. The women’s everyday is indeed infused with different strategies where the body, different practices, and material objects are central in cultivating a specific religious disposition that ultimately will change the way the women engage with and orient themselves in the world.

scholarly journals Losing and Regaining Grip: Depression and Everyday Life

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401882237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Hänninen ◽  
Jukka Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Personal Accounts

Despite increased interest and research into personal accounts of depression, it has seldom been studied specifically from the point of view everyday life. Our aim is to highlight how depression progresses in relation to everyday activities, and to interpret the process using a theory of everyday life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 persons (31 women, 24 men) in their 40s who self-identified as having been depressed. Depression typically progressed as follows: It originated in a difficult life situation, which was coped with by trying to manage or by escaping to drinking. Eventually, it was not possible to carry out everyday duties. Seeking treatment and sick leave signified a disconnection from everyday obligations. Leisure activities as well as support from close people helped in coping, and gradually a new, more meaningful and enjoyable everyday life developed. Disconnection, rest, reflection, reorientation, and reorganization of life seemed to build a pathway out of depression. Thus, a depressive episode could be interpreted as a process in which the person first disengaged from the unreflected everyday and then reflectively re-engaged to it.

Mobile Networked Text Communication

2011 ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Barkhuus
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Information And Communication

This chapter introduces a qualitative study of the use of mobile text messaging (SMS) and re?ects on how SMS in?uences social interaction. It describes how this new communication technology is used to maintain social relations and how it generally assists users in their everyday activities. Three issues are highlighted: how users use SMS to overcome shyness, how they use it for micro-grooming, and how they are able to control messages to their advantage. It is argued that SMS facilitates users in their everyday life through the ways it supports awareness and accountability. These characteristics make the communication channel a “social translucent” technology, contributing to its popularity. It is suggested that simple information and communication technologies such as SMS can provide powerful tools in new designs of information and communication technologies.

The Less Said, the Better

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Jason A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Progress ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Similar Argument ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
College Basketball ◽  
The Press ◽  
Closed Society ◽  
Basketball Team ◽  
Unwritten Law

This chapter details the press coverage of the 1960-61 Mississippi State basketball team, which won its second SEC championship and spurred another press-based argument over integrated athletic competition. As detailed in this chapter, during the final month of the 1960-61 college basketball season for the SEC champion Maroons, Mississippi’s journalists supported and enforced the unwritten law and the Closed Society. While a similar argument existed for journalists in the Magnolia State in terms of the merits of the unwritten law, in total, the passion and commentary from Mississippi State’s 1958-59 season was lacking as only a select few argued for the Maroons to participate in the postseason, much less acknowledge the opportunity lost. Despite this level of neglect from the majority of Mississippi’s reporters, a degree of social progress could be found in Mississippi’s sports sections Vicksburg Daily News' Billy Ray and Dick Lightsey of the Biloxi-based Daily Herald, who joined the crusade of Jackson State Times’ Jimmie McDowell’s against the unwritten law, albeit for the chance at postseason glory.

Morality at dinnertime: The sense of the Other as a practical accomplishment in family interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Galatolo ◽  
Letizia Caronia
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Family Dinner ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Moral Dimensions

Since Garfinkel brought our attention to the moral order implied in everyday activities, studies on social interaction have described the practices through which members constitute the moral dimensions of everyday life. Drawing on Duranti’s notion of the ‘sense of the Other’, this article illustrates how mundane morality is presupposed and (re)constructed in the micro-order of everyday life. Examples of video-recorded family dinner interactions are discussed, adopting a conversation analytic approach. The analysis illustrates how the sense of the Other is made relevant by parents as an organizing principle of ongoing activities and ‘talked into being’ to manage ordinary tasks (e.g. pursuing synchronicity and distributing food). The analysis reveals that parents use siblings as a resource to embody the ‘generalized other’ and socialize children to take the other’s perspective. Our study contributes to demonstrating the relevance of looking at ordinary practices as powerful means through which members orient to a moral version of the world and treat it as a natural one.

Action regulation in old age: Time samples from everyday contexts

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra L. Klumb
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
The Moment

The operation of self-efficacy beliefs was investigated in a group of 81 participants between 73 and 97 years of age with intensive time samples including activities carried out at the moment a signal was received, their subjective difficulty, and concurrent mood in everyday life. In a two-level approach, occasion-level and person-level effects could be modelled simultaneously. Within individuals, productive activities were perceived more difficult, on average, than nonproductive ones. Furthermore, perceived difficulty was lower the more positive concurrent mood was rated. Variance in these intra-individual slopes was partially explained by inter-individual differences in self-belief of efficacy regarding everyday activities.

scholarly journals Ecological validity of the five digit test and the oral trails test

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Chequer de Castro Paiva ◽  
Mariana Braga Fialho ◽  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Cognitive Failures Questionnaire ◽  
Real World Problems

ABSTRACT Tests evaluating the attentional-executive system are widely used in clinical practice. However, proximity of an objective cognitive test with real-world situations (ecological validity) is not frequently investigated. The present study evaluate the association between measures of the Five Digit Test (FDT) and the Oral Trails Test (OTT) with self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life as measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Brazilian adults from 18-to-65 years old voluntarily performed the FDT and OTT tests and reported the frequency of cognitive failures in their everyday life through the CFQ. After controlling for the age effect, the measures of controlled attentional processes were associated with cognitive failures, yet the cognitive flexibility of both FDT and OTT accounted for by the majority of variance in most aspects of the CFQ factors. The FDT and the OTT measures were predictive of real-world problems such as cognitive failures in everyday activities/situations.

scholarly journals Photography as a means of building personal identity in the space of social networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Elena A. Blagorodova ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Braerskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Frame System ◽  
Recognition Success ◽  
Favorable Light

The paper examines the issue of self-determination in the context of social networks. The works of E. Erickson, I. Hoffman, Z. Bauman serve as its theoretical basis. Kimberly-Young's methods for determining the level of Internet addiction, as well as D. Russell and M. Ferguson's methods for determining the level of loneliness were chosen as its empirical base. In addition, the study involves a qualitative analysis of the profiles on the Instagram network. It showed that photographic content filling is used by modern users as a platform for constructing identities, where everyday life`s reflection is transformed, subject to a certain lifestyle (achieving recognition, success). Thus, we are dealing with a framed switched reality that intensively affects primary frame system of a social subject. Personal page of the account serves as a stage for displaying certain roles, demonstrating to the “Other” their life in terms of both significant events and routine everyday practices. The reality of everyday life embellished through photography becomes a means of gaining recognition which, in turn, is called to protect individual’s personality from feeling subjective loneliness and represent the illusion of achieving happiness and success in everyday activities. Based on theoretical and practical material, the authors came to the conclusion that “photographic reality” allows you to present your life in a favorable light and focus audience's attention on the happy sides of your everyday life, thereby gaining recognition from the “Other”.

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