scholarly journals The Ciceronian Rhetoric of John Quincy Adams

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyon Rathbun
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Jacksonian Era

Abstract: This article examines the way in which the classical rhetorical tradition inspired John Quincy Adams's public life. While rhetorical scholars have probed Adams's role as Harvard's first Boylston Professor of Rhetoric, they have not appreciated how the classical tradition in general, and Ciceronian rhetoric in particular, influenced his political career. Social scientists, on the other hand, have studied Adams's impact on Antebellum America but have not appreciated how his life-long devotion to classical rhetoric shaped his response to public issues. John Quincy Adams remained inspired by classical rhetorical ideals long after the neo-classicalism and deferential politics of the founding generation had been eclipsed by the commercial ethos and mass democracy of the Jacksonian Era. Many of the idiosyncratic positions that Adams adopted over the course of his long career are explicated by considering his abiding devotion to the Ciceronian ideal of the citizen-orator “speaking well” to promote the welfare of the polis.

Politeness Strategy Used in 10th Grade Students’ Anecdote Text

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Novita Mulyana ◽  
Made Budiarsa ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Ethnography Of Communication ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
10Th Grade

This research was aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy that is used by 10th grade students to express criticism towards public issues through an anecdote text as well as the implication on the teaching and learning process of anecdote text in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. There were fifteen anecdote texts analyzed in this research and they were collected through a writing test conducted in a 10th grade class in SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran. The data were classified and analyzed based on the politeness strategy theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) and ethnography of communication theory proposed by Hymes (1973). The result of the analysis shows that from the fifteen anecdote texts collected, there were only two types of politeness strategy found to be used in expressing criticism, they are bald on record strategy and off record strategy. There are ten anecdote texts composed by the students found using bald on record strategy, while the other five anecdotes using off record strategy in expressing criticism towards public issues. In other words, more students still used the more risky way of expressing criticisms, therefore it is important for the teacher to choose or design a better model of learning which can improve the students’ pragmatic competence.

Improving the External Validity of Conjoint Analysis: The Essential Role of Profile Distribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon de la Cuesta ◽  
Naoki Egami ◽  
Kosuke Imai
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Profile Distribution

Abstract Conjoint analysis has become popular among social scientists for measuring multidimensional preferences. When analyzing such experiments, researchers often focus on the average marginal component effect (AMCE), which represents the causal effect of a single profile attribute while averaging over the remaining attributes. What has been overlooked, however, is the fact that the AMCE critically relies upon the distribution of the other attributes used for the averaging. Although most experiments employ the uniform distribution, which equally weights each profile, both the actual distribution of profiles in the real world and the distribution of theoretical interest are often far from uniform. This mismatch can severely compromise the external validity of conjoint analysis. We empirically demonstrate that estimates of the AMCE can be substantially different when averaging over the target profile distribution instead of uniform. We propose new experimental designs and estimation methods that incorporate substantive knowledge about the profile distribution. We illustrate our methodology through two empirical applications, one using a real-world distribution and the other based on a counterfactual distribution motivated by a theoretical consideration. The proposed methodology is implemented through an open-source software package.

Coming Home

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 599-603
Author(s):  
Christine B. Harrington ◽  
John Brigham
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
English Law

Ever since the formation of an academic bar, one which left the “practical world” of apprentices and clerkships barely 100 years ago, the architects of law's intellectual life have looked outside the canons of lawyers' law to academic life and its deep thinkers for stimulation. From the German social scientists of Pound's time to Foucault in our own, the erotica of the legal academy have often been drawn from French and German philosophers and social theorists. There may be, in fact, a pattern to this inclination in America to draw insights from the “wild passion” of the French or the “dark terror” of the Germans. There is certainly an ongoing effort to avoid England in both its commonness and its construction of the “savage” or the ethnographically primitive “other” on which English law based its authority for so long. American sociolegal intellectuals, as part of the legal academy, crave a hit of the “other” on the continent of Europe, having denuded the American forests of its native occupants.

Anthropology and the classics: war, violence, and the statelesspolis

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Berent
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Value System ◽  
Persian Wars ◽  
Intellectual Revolution ◽  
Greek Civilization ◽  
Constitutional Changes

I. INTRODUCTIONIt has become a commonplace in contemporary historiography to note the frequency of war in ancient Greece. Yvon Garlan says that, during the century and a half from the Persian wars (490 and 480–479 B.C.) to the battle of Chaeronea (338 B.C.), Athens was at war, on average, more than two years out of every three, and never enjoyed a period of peace for as long as ten consecutive years. ‘Given these conditions’, says Garlan, ‘one would expect them (i.e. the Greeks) to consider war as a problem …. But this was far from being the case.’ The Greek acceptance of war as inevitable was contrasted by Momigliano and others with the attention given to constitutional changes and to the prevention ofstasis: ‘the Greeks came to accept war like birth and death about which nothing could be done …. On the other hand constitutions were men-made and could be modified by men.’Moralist overtones were not absent from this re-evaluation of Greek civilization. Havelock observed that the Greeks exalted, legitimized, and placed organized warfare at the heart of the European value system, and Momigliano suggested that:The idea of controlling wars, like the idea of the emancipation of women and the idea of birth control, is a part of the intellectual revolution of the nineteenth century and meant a break with the classical tradition of historiography of wars.

India’s Anti-corruption Authorities: Lokpal and Lokayukta

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-517
Author(s):  
Rajani Ranjan Jha
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Government

Increasing corruption in public life in India has been a matter of growing concern since the early 1960s. The Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the appointment of the Lokpal institution in 1966. Since then, a number of Lokpal legislations were introduced in the Parliament in the years 1968, 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998 and 2001 without any success. The Anna Hazare movement of 2011 forced the Government of India to seriously think of introducing the Lokpal legislation. Finally, the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013, was passed. However, the Act is yet to be operationalised. While the Lokpal legislation lapsed one after the other, at their level many states enacted and introduced the Lokayukta institution. The success has been very limited so far as tackling corruption is concerned. The present article deals with these anti-corruption authorities in India in terms of their historical evolution, legislative features and experiences gained out of the working of the Lokayuktas.

scholarly journals Investigating the Jurisprudence and Legal Analysis of Deception Role in Contracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Zarei ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Moosavi Bojnoordi
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
The Will ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Taking Responsibility

<p>Contracts usually comes from agreement to those who are in harmony with the will and desires and in this economic interaction each party seeks to obtain his profits and interests and another forced or convinced to go with it. This way finally results in justice between the parties and hence the agreement as the best and most equitable means of exchange of goods and the distribution of wealth are established between two sides. However sometimes parties will not form in the open environment but a deception in the atmosphere caused by the use of deception and fraudulent practices methods to impose their will and the other party forced to the contract know that the fact is not refused to accept, or at least accept it with such situations. To condemn such behavior it is not enough that can only be committed morally to blame because the use of deception means to hide the faulty product which may cheated person bear the material or spiritual losses. Since jurisprudence knowledge is responsible for the expression of practical laws and ordinances principles and to deal with problems arising from fraudulent contract. Dealings in public life offer religious and legal solutions and this is not possible except with great scientific efforts in the field of jurisprudence. Deceiver responsibility is examples of un-arbitrary<strong> </strong>civil liability. Scholars have analyzed the deceiver’s liability and responsibility in detail to rule deceiver (Deceit) has been invoked. So that wherever deceit and pride to be true in taking responsibility for the spiritual and material elements no deceiver can be cited and compensation that pride has suffered through fraud and deceit pride demanded. Once a deceiver can be no liability for (Deceit) and the following conditions must be present:</p>1) beguiling act 2) prejudicing 3) sedative’s knowledge and seduced unknowing 4) element of deception 5) deceived dissatisfaction

scholarly journals Rewiry metafory. Między ozdobą dyskursu a zwierciadłem duszy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Popek
Keyword(s):  
Donald Davidson ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gottlob Frege ◽  
Ernst Cassirer ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Rule Out

The purpose of the text is to make some reconnaissance in the area of title "districts of metaphor" (or hunting grounds of metaphor) as well as reference to the unsolvable problems which are implied by a metaphorical mystery of metaphysical expressions. Thy are the order of the day in the main currents of philosophy. Starting from the rhetorical tradition of metaphor (the Aristotelian attempts of definition of metaphor as such) and of terms additional related with it (Max Black), I gradually illustrate what involves its post-rhetorical tradition. I show that philosophical symbolism derives from Aristotle’s hermeneutics, which becomes a gateway for understanding the mystery of metaphor. Like browsing in themselves mirrors, it grows also from simple phrases in complex sentences. In semantic sense, while the symbol has many meanings, the metaphor has a double meaning. It is not however limited by this matter, because in some sense, it has broader content than a symbol, as it introduces into language meanings that in the symbol are only internal (Paul Ricoeur). We also encounter reflective metaphors in our everyday speech and in the attempts of associative penetration into other people's expression. Conceptual decoding of metaphors is common for users of language (George Lakoff, Mark Johnson). On the other hand, there are specific districts of metaphorical expressions, which are reserved for poetic metaphors (Donald Davidson). Noteworthy are also the very unobvious contexts of metaphor in which the authors do not talk about this linguistic phenomenon directly (eg. Gottlob Frege, Ernst Cassirer). Declarative answer to the question whether the metaphor is a simply ornament of discourse or rather a mirror of the soul, is not possible too. Perhaps the metaphor as such includes the both variants. One must consider that being an ornament of speech or writing does not rule out it is also something more than just decoration. It wonders, bothers, disquiet, returning us into our souls. It is also like the unifying soul of all people – in cognitive sense.

scholarly journals Social capital: Limitations of the concept and participation in public life in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Kamil Aksiuto
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
State Of Affairs

The article examines some of the most common and crucial difficulties involved in the use of the concept of “social capital” for research purposes. Some of the limitations of the concept are subsequently exemplified in the ways in which it has been employed to explain the unwillingness of a large part of the Polish society to participate in the public life. Social scientists have often accounted for this by emphasizing the low level of social capital in Poland, i.e. absence of certain skills necessary for active engagement in public life and/or lack of trust (trust in public institutions as well as towards other people in general). The article argues that such explanations are either obscuring important factors which contributed to this state of affairs or might gloss over the resources of social capital which are present in the Polish society.

scholarly journals North Perspectives for a Better South? Big Data and the Global South in Big Data & Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-107
Author(s):  
Guilherme Cavalcante Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
The One

Over the last few years, data studies within Social Sciences watched a growth in the number of researches highlighting the need for more proficuous participation from the Global South in the debates of the field. The lack of Southern voices in the academic scholarship on the one hand, and of recognition of the importance and autonomy of its local data practices, such as those from indigenous data movements, on the other, had been decisive in establishing a Big Data in the South agenda. This paper displays an analytical mapping of 131 articles published from 2014-2016 in Big Data & Society (BD&S), a leading journal acknowledged for its pioneering promotion of Big Data research among social scientists. Its goal is to provide an overview of the way data practices are approached in BD&S papers concerning its geopolitical instance. It argues that there is a tendency to generalise data practices overlooking the specific consequences of Big Data in Southern contexts because of an almost exclusive presence of Euroamerican perspectives in the journal. This paper argues that this happens as a result of an epistemological asymmetry that pervades Social Sciences.

Constitutional History

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trade Offs

In one sense, Sweden follows the general pattern of constitution-making. The major shifts in the constitutional history have occurred in the aftermath of great crises. Constitutions have been important as descriptions and justifications of the prevailing forces of power. On the other hand, the constitutions of Sweden have been relatively insignificant as norms regulating political and public life. Constitutions have been important as history writing but relatively unimportant as normative principles shaping society, and, indeed, profound changes such as the introduction of parliamentary government have taken place without constitutional reform. The Swedish welfare state was built upon negotiations and practical trade-offs rather than constitutional arguments.

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