scholarly journals Single radicle emergence count for predicting vigour of marigold (Tagetes spp.) seed lots

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Hulya Ilbi ◽  
Alison A. Powell ◽  
Ozlem Alan
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study was carried out to determine whether a single radicle emergence count (RE) during germination can be used for vigour assessment to estimate field emergence of marigold (Tagetes spp.) seed lots. Six marigold seed lots (Tagetes erecta and T. patula) with normal germination above 75% were germinated using the standard ISTA germination test and radicle emergence (production of 2 mm radicle) counted at regular intervals from 25 to 169 hours. The seed lots were also sown in the field with final seedling emergence assessed after 25 days. Seedling emergence was highly correlated with the radicle emergence count after 49 and 66 hours germination (r = 0.90 and r = 0.91, respectively; P < 0.01) but not with germination percentage (r = 0.26). Thus, the radicle emergence counts at 49 and 66 hours accounted for 81 or 83% of the variation in field emergence, respectively. The results indicate that a 49- or 66-hour count of RE during germination could be used as a vigour test to estimate field emergence for marigold seed lots.

scholarly journals Correlation between vigor by accelerated aging at pre-sowing and soybean seedling emergence in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-470
Author(s):  
Vanderléia Mathias ◽  
◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Field Emergence

Although the accelerated aging test is widely used to determine seed vigor, there are methodological variations in seed exposure time at 41 °C. Therefore, the objective was to indicate the most appropriate seed exposure time to segregate lots that also exhibits a correlation with seedling emergence in the field, and establish vigor levels using the aforementioned test. Soybean seed samples were collected at pre-sowing, representing 100 lots in the 2016/2017 growing season and 125 lots in the 2017/2018 season from different warehouses in 4 regions of Santa Catarina state (SC). Physiological quality was evaluated by germination, accelerated aging (24 and 48 h at 41 °C) and field emergence tests. The results were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis (p < 0.05). The rank sum index, associated with the Scott-Knott clustering method, was used to classify physiological quality. The average germination percentage was 90 and 91% in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, respectively. Vigor obtained an average of 86 (2016/2017) and 85% (2017/2018), when seeds were submitted to accelerated aging for 48 h, and 89% (both seasons) for 24 h. In regard to field emergence, the average was 85 and 80% in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, respectively. Considering the 225 lots, the greatest correlation with field emergence was observed in vigor - 48 h (r = 0.71 p < 0.05). Rank sum classification made it possible to establish vigor-based categories, whereby batches with over 85% vigor by 48-h accelerated aging were classified as high vigor, 70 to 84% medium vigor, and under 70% low vigor.

scholarly journals Field Emergence of shrunken-2 Corn Predicted by Single- and Multiple-vigor Laboratory Tests

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Brian T. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Field Emergence

Poor emergence and seedling vigor are common characteristics of many sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars with the shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. A rapid and reliable predictor of sweet corn seed field emergence would improve the potential for high quality crops. Field emergence of seven sh2 sweet corn cultivars grown at seven environments in Florida were correlated with laboratory vigor tests. Factor analysis was used to separate noncollinear vigor tests for subsequent multiple regression models. The best single predictor test (R2 = 0.93***) was an index based on leachate conductivity and germination percentage after a complex stress vigor test involving incubation at 15C. Leachate conductivity after 3 h soaking at 25 or 30C (R2 = 0.9W***), soil cold test (R2 = 0.9***), alternate temperature stress conductivity test (R2 = 0.88***), standard germination test at 30C (R2 = 0.88***), and an index involving incubation at 25C (R2 = 0.88***) were also good predictors of field emergence. Noncollinear tests including the towel germination test at 25 C and an alternate temperature stress conductivity test resulted in the best two factor predictor (r2 = 0.89***), and with glutamic acid decarboxylase activity (GADA) was the best three factor predictor (r2 = 0.93***). The index of conductivity and complex vigor test (ICS) evaluated seed membrane integrity and potential for pathogen infection, respectively, and can be considered as major factors affecting emergence in sh2 sweet corn.

Enhancing the germination of three fodder shrubs (Atriplex amnicola, A. nummularia, A. undulata; Chenopodiaceae): implications for the optimisation of field establishment

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Stevens ◽  
E. G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
K. W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Signalling Compounds ◽  
Germination Requirements

Saltbush (Atriplex) species are widely grown in Australia as saltland pastures. Direct seeding practices for saltbush currently result in asynchronous and unreliable seedling establishment (5% successful establishment is not uncommon from field-sown seed). In part this may stem from a limited understanding of Atriplex seed germination requirements. This paper presents findings with 3 Atriplex species, A. amnicola (Paul G. Wilson.), A. nummularia (Lindl.), and A. undulata (D. Dietr), each of which differs in germination characteristics. For A. amnicola, the presence of light (and artificial substitution of light by 1000 ppm gibberellic acid) improved germination under controlled conditions and resulted in a 4-fold increase (70% total emergence) in field emergence of seedlings. For A. undulata, removing bracteoles increased germination under controlled conditions (~15%), with a 1.5-fold improvement in field seedling emergence (55% final emergence); however, seed priming or gibberellic acid application had no significant effect. In contrast, for A. nummularia, bracteole removal and light had minor positive effects on germination under controlled conditions, but this did not translate into improved emergence in soil or in the field. Under –0.5 MPa NaCl stress, application of gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, or kinetin to the germination medium significantly increased the final germination percentage of A. amnicola seeds (58, 16, and 14%, respectively) and improved the rate at which seeds germinated. All plant signalling compounds significantly increased final germination percentage and germination rate of A. undulata, albeit with a <10% increase at –0.5 MPa NaCl. Priming seeds with plant signalling compounds had similar effects on seed germination under low water potentials compared to direct treatment of the germination media. The effects of seed priming on Atriplex seedling emergence from saline soils varied among species. Priming with water significantly increased emergence percentage of A. amnicola but had no effect on A. nummularia and A. undulata. Gibberellic acid improved A. amnicola germination parameters only, whereas salicylic acid and kinetin improved the rate of emergence in all 3 species at various levels of salinity. This study suggests that a basic understanding of seed dormancy and germination requirements has the potential to substantially improve field emergence of saltbush species.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on the Germination and Emergence of Drunken Horse Grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Yue ◽  
Guili Jin ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Ke Gong ◽  
Wanqiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Western China ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Achnatherum Inebrians ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, water, pH and burial depth, on the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. inebrians. The seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C and in alternating-temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, 40/30°C, and the seed germination percentages under constant and alternating temperatures ranged from 51% to 94% and 15% to 93%, respectively. Maximum germination occurred at a constant temperature of 25°C, and germination was prevented at 45/35°C. Light did not appear to affect seed germination. The germination percentage of seeds was more than 75% in the pH range of 5 to 10, with the highest germination percentage at pH 6. The seeds germinated at osmotic potentials of 0 MPa to -1.0 MPa, but decreasing osmotic potential inhibited germination, with no germination at -1.2MPa. After 21 d of low osmotic stress, the seeds that did not germinate after rehydration had not lost their vitality. The seedling emergence percentage was highest (90%) when seeds were buried at 1 cm but declined with increasing burial depth and no emergence at 9 cm. Deep tillage may be effective in limiting the seed germination and emergence of this species. The results of this study provide useful information on the conditions necessary for A. inebrians germination and provide a theoretical basis for science-based prediction, prevention and control of this species.

Morphophysiological dormancy and germination ecology in diaspores of the subtropical palm Phoenix canariensis Chabaud

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan He ◽  
Ganesh K. Jaganathan ◽  
Baolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Cotyledonary Petiole ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

The timing of germination is a crucial event in a plant’s life cycle. Seed dormancy and germination mechanisms are important factors regulating seedling emergence. Since detailed experimental evidence for germination pattern of Phoenix canariensis colonizing sub-tropical climate is scarce, we investigated seed dormancy and germination ecology of P. canariensis. We found that the embryo is underdeveloped at the time of dispersal and doubles in size before the cotyledonary petiole (CP) protrudes through the operculum. The primary root and plumule emerge from the elongated CP outside the seed. In light/dark at 30/25°C, the CP emerged from 8% of the diaspores within 30 days and from 76% within 14 weeks. Thus, 8% of the diaspores have MD and the others MPD. Removal of the pericarp and operculum resulted in 100% germination within 5 days in light/dark at 30/25°C. Cold and warm stratification as well as treatment with GA3 significantly increased the germination speed, but the final germination percentage was not significantly increased. Seed germination was synchronized in early summer when seed dormancy was released by cold stratification in the soil over winter. A remote-tubular germination type and intricate root system provide an ecological advantage to the seedling establishment.

scholarly journals Physiological potential of soybean seeds after maturation and submitted to artificial drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann Filho ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Maturation Stages

Abstract: This study evaluated the physiological potential of soybean seeds harvested during two seasons, on different maturation stages and subjected to different drying temperatures. The seeds were harvested at the maturations stages R7, R7 + 2, R7 + 3, R7 + 5, R7 + 6, R7 + 7, R7 + 10 and R7 + 12 days (55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, and 20% of moisture content). For each maturation stage, seeds were divided into three samples: one sample was used to directly evaluate the physiological potential, and the others were dried at 40 °C and 50 °C, until reaching the moisture content of 11.5%. The physiological potential was evaluated through germination test, first germination count of germination, accelerated aging, modified cold, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence. The maximum physiological potential of seeds is achieved at the moisture content of 55%, the point that the dry matter is maximum. The seeds became tolerant to artificial drying approximately at the stage R7 + 7 days (30% of moisture content). Germination and vigor of the soybean seeds reduce as the drying temperature is increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, and this effect is enhanced when the seeds show moisture contents above 30%.

scholarly journals Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽  
Alfredo José Salinas-Arcienega ◽  
Yutcelia Carolina Galviz-Fajardo ◽  
Luciano do Amarante ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

scholarly journals Nectar feeding behavior of some butterflies in the botanical garden of Dhaka university

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Murshida Begum ◽  
Ummey Habiba ◽  
Moksed Ali Howlader
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Highly Correlated

Nectar feeding behavior of butterflies belonging to the families Nymphalidae, Danaidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Papilionidae were studied in the Botanical garden of Dhaka University. The highest and the lowest duration of searching time was 39 ± 2 and 36 ± 5 seconds respectively for the Catopsila pomona and Zizina otis. The highest and the lowest duration of feeding was 13.0 ± 1 and 9.9 ± 0.9 seconds respectively for the Danaus chrysippus and Zizina otis. The longest proboscis (12.6 ± mm) was recorded in Danaus chrysipus. The deepest corolla (22 ± 5mm) was found in the flower of Cosmos bipinnatus plants. The proboscis of 4 butterfly species named Eurema hecabe, Jononia almana, Catochrysopes strabo and D. chrysipus was highly correlated with the corolla tube of Cosmos bipinnatus, Tephrosia purpurea and Tagetes erecta repectively.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 85-90, 2014

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl salinity on seed germination and seedling emergence of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ariel Montaña ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Guillermo Zuluaga
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit

The purple passion fruit is propagated by seeds, but factors, such as hardiness and impermeability of the testa and salinity and pH of the soil, give rise to problems in germination and uniformity of seedlings. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of different NaCl concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mM, corresponding to 0.8, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.2 dS m-1) on the germination and emergence of purple passion fruit seeds. For the germination test, 50 seeds per Petri dish were used, which were watered with a saline solution weekly. A seed was considered germinated when the radicle reached 2 mm. In the case of seedling emergence, 50 seeds were sown in cleaned river sand at a 1 cm depth on polystyrene trays, covered with transparent plastic film. They were irrigated weekly with different NaCl concentrations and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrate was measured. A seedling was considered emerged when the hypocotyl was fully erect. The results showed significant differences, with germination being higher in seeds treated with 30 mM NaCl than in the control seeds, and no statistical differences for the 60 and 90 mM NaCl treatments. The emergence was significantly higher in the 0 (0.05 dS m-1 of the substrate) and 30 mM NaCl (0.71 dS m-1) treated seeds when compared with 60 mM (1.25 dS m-1), 90 mM (1.69 dS m-1) and 120 mM NaCl (2.30 dS m-1 of the substrate). There was a decline in the chlorophyll contents of the seedling cotyledons and an increased substrate EC with increasing NaCl concentrations.

scholarly journals Germination and vigour of primed asparagus seeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Lúcio de Carvalho Bittencourt ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
Eduardo Fontes Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Controlled Deterioration

The osmotic conditioning or priming is considered a promising technique to speed up germination and to improve seed performance. Four seed lots of asparagus, Mary Washington cultivar, were primed at 25°C for seven or 14 days using PEG 6000 at -1.0 or -1.2 MPa, or sea water at -3.3 MPa; or for three days in distilled water. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by standard germination, first count germination, speed of seedling emergence, and germination percentage and seedling fresh and dry weights after controlled deterioration test. Primed seeds presented higher germination speed, independently of their initial physiological quality. Beneficial effects of priming on germination and vigour were more expressive in the seed lot of low physiological quality. Priming in PEG 6000 at -1.0 MPa for 14 days was the most beneficial treatment to improve asparagus seeds performance.

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