Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

Download Full-text

The effect of humic substances on germination and early growth of Lamb’s Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.)

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-011-0037-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Božena Šerá ◽

František Novák

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Seed Development ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Early Growth ◽

Germination Test ◽

Diverse Origin ◽

Lamb’S Quarters ◽

Germination And Growth

AbstractIn order to understand the biological activity of humic substances (HS), the effect of four humic acids (HA) and one fulvic acid (FA) on seed germination and early growth of cosmopolitan weed Chenopodium album agg. were tested. Humic substances of diverse origin were used, namely purified commercial HA, HA isolated from lignite, cambisol and podzol, and FA from mountain spruce forest soil. Data processing by two-way ANOVA has shown that type of the tested substances was a more important factor on seed development than used concentration. The major differences in germination and length of shoots were found in the first days of the experiment. Commercial and lignite HA stimulated the seed germination and growth, while podzol HA inhibited them. After this initial phase, all humic substances stimulated the seed development, but these stimulations were not significant (P < 0.05). At the end of germination test, the greatest stimulation effect (up to 20%) was achieved with the lignite HA.

Download Full-text

Gibberellic Acid and Presowing Chilling Increase Seed Germination of Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.]

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.5.849 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 849-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jonathon I. Watkinson ◽

Wallace G. Pill

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Sorghastrum Nutans ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Germination Test ◽

Dry Storage

Following dry storage for 5 or 11 months (new and old seeds, respectively) at 5 °C, less than 10% of the seeds of Indiangrass germinated as determined by a standard germination test. We attempted to increase germination by subjecting seeds to dormancy-breaking treatments, including sodium hypochlorite soak (5.25% v/v NaOCl; 20 or 60 min), prechilling (5 °C for 2 weeks), gibberellic acid during germination (GA3, 1000 mg·L-1), and combinations thereof. Treatment with NaOCl increased the germination of non-prechilled seeds only when they were germinated in GA3; a 60-min soak in NaOCl increased germination to 53% and 65% in new and old seeds, respectively. Prechilling increased germination to 65% and 47% in new and old seeds, respectively. Germination of new, prechilled seeds was increased further to 86% by either a 20-min soak in NaOCl or germination in GA3. Germination of old, prechilled seeds was not promoted further by treatment with NaOCl, but was increased to 67% by germination in GA3. Since NaOCl treatment alone failed to promote germination, we examined the effects on seedling emergence and growth of providing GA3 at 1000 mg·L-1 during the 2-week prechilling period. While prechilling alone increased emergence to an average 34% for new and old seeds, prechilling with GA3 increased emergence to 75% and 50% for new and old seeds, respectively. These treatments did not influence seedling shoot dry mass. Seed exposure to GA3 during rather than after prechilling was more effective in promoting Indiangrass establishment.

Download Full-text

Impact of Biochar Application on Germination Behavior and Early Growth of Maize Seedlings: Insights from a Growth Room Experiment

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112411666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 11666

Author(s):

Liaqat Ali ◽

Wang Xiukang ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Sobia Ashraf ◽

Sajid Mahmood Nadeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Application Rate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Growth Room

Reduced germination and early crop maturity due to soil compaction, nutrients stress, and low moisture are major constraints to achieve optimum crop yield, ultimately resulting in significant economic damages and food shortages. Biochar, having the potential to improve physical and chemical properties of soil, can also improve nutrients and moisture access to plants. In the present study, a growth room experiment was conducted to assess biochar influence on maize seed germination, early growth of seedlings, and its physiological attributes. Corn cob biochar (CCB) was mixed with soil at different rates (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% w/w) before seed sowing. Results obtained showed that increasing CCB application rate have neutral to positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth of maize. Biochar addition at the rate of 1.5% (w/w) significantly increased shoot dry biomass (40%), root dry biomass (32%), total chlorophyll content (a and b) (55%), germination percentage (13%), seedling vigor (85%), and relative water content (RWC) (68%), in comparison to un-amended control treatment. In addition to this, it also improved germination rate (GR) by 3% as compared to control treatment, while causing a reduction in mean emergence time (MET). Moreover, application of biochar (3%) also resulted in enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 13% and 17%, respectively. Conclusively, biochar application is an attractive approach to improve the initial phase of plant growth and provide better crop stand and essential sustainable high yields.

Download Full-text

Improved propagation methods for GAC (Momordica Cochinchinensis Spreng.)

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447971900022x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 132-141

Author(s):

Xuan T. Tran ◽

Sophie E. Parks ◽

Paul D. Roach ◽

Minh H. Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Storage Time ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Production Potential ◽

Temperature Requirements ◽

Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Propagation Methods

AbstractGac is a dioecious tropical and perennial climber. The fruit is a rich source of carotenoids and is used in traditional cuisine and medicine. Improving propagation methods using simple techniques would increase production and improve conservation in regional areas. This study evaluated temperature requirements for seed germination, the use of rooting hormones to strike female cuttings and the grafting of female scions onto seedling rootstock. Seed germination was optimised between 25 and 35 °C, with a maximum germination percentage of 91% at 30 °C. However, increasing storage time from 6 to 18 months under laboratory conditions (21 ± 1°C and 60% relative humidity) reduced germination and this was associated with seed weight loss, highlighting the need to develop storage guidelines, particularly for the higher temperature and humidity conditions where Gac is grown. Survival of softwood cuttings was improved from 53 to 77% with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (3–5 g/L) and semi-hardwood cuttings did not require IBA treatment. Both splice and wedge grafting techniques achieved a survival rate > 53% and with the youngest rootstock (4 and 8 weeks) this increased to > 85%. Further work could investigate the production potential of crops using cuttings and grafted plants.

Download Full-text

SEED PHYSICAL SCARIFICATION AND GROWING MEDIA ON VIGOR OF Moringa oleifera

Pastura ◽

10.24843/pastura.2020.v09.i02.p08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Ubaidillah ◽

A. V. Zulaiha ◽

R. Dianita

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Height ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Germination Test ◽

Growing Media ◽

Seed Scarification ◽

Two Phases ◽

Two Sides

This experiment was aimed to reveal the effect of seed physical scarification and various growing mediaon vigor of Moringa oleifera. This study was conducted in greenhouse and consisted of two phases ofexperiment; first was studied the effect of physical scarification on seed germination of M. oleifera and thesecond was studied the effect of seed physical scarification and various sub optimum growing media onvigor of M. oleifera. The germination test was arranged in randomized completely design with 4 treatmentsthat were P0 = non scarification, P1 = one side scarification, P2 = two sides scarification, and P3 = full sidescarification. The variables measured were germination percentage (%) and seedling dry weight (g/plant).The second study was arranged in a factorial randomized completely design with the four treatments ofscarification (P0, P1, P2 and P3) over six growing media (sands, bricks, bricks and sands mixture, bricksand soils mixture, soils and sands mixture, and soils). The variables observed were petioles number, plantheight (cm/plant), and plant dry weight (g/plant). The scarification was significantly affect (P<0.05) thegermination percentage and seedling dry weight. Scarification and growing media also affected the vigorof M. oleifera significantly (P<0.05). Two side seed scarification improve the germination and seedling dryweight instead of control. Combination of scarification in two sides and growing media of soils and sandsmixture given the highest vigor of M. oleifera reflected on petioles number, plant height, and plant dry weight. Keywords: germination, M. oleifera, scarification, sub optimum media, vigor

Download Full-text

Criopreservação de sementes de rainha do abismo (Sinningia leucotricha)

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v23i1.921 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vanessa Stegani ◽

Guilherme Augusto Cito Alves ◽

Douglas Junior Bertoncelli ◽

Ricardo Tadeu de Faria

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Germination Test ◽

Blotting Paper ◽

Cryogenic Solutions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Cryoprotective Solution

The objective was to evaluate the use of cryogenic solutions in cryopreservation Sinningia leucotricha seeds by the vitrification method in liquid nitrogen. The treatments were: T1 - control: without cryoprotective solution; T2 - PVS1; T3 - modified PVS1; T4 - PVS2; T5 - modified PVS2; T6 - PVS3; T7 - PVS3 modified; T8 - PVS2 + 1% phloroglucinol. After 15 days of immersion of seeds in LN, the cryotubes were removed and rapidly reheated to a temperature of 40 °C water bath for 1.5 minutes. Then, the seeds were washed with wash solution for 20 min. Later they were submitted to the germination test which was conducted on blotting paper moistened with distilled water packaged in crystal polystyrene boxes kept in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °C and 16 hours photoperiod. Was evaluated the germination percentage the germination speed index (GSI), and at the end of the experiment will determine the length of shoot (LS) and root (LR), and dry mass of seedlings (DMS). We used a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications, consisting of 100 seeds. The direct submission of the queen of the abyss seeds in liquid nitrogen provided the highest germination values, GSI, LS, LR and DMS. The queen of the abyss seeds can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen directly without the need to cryoprotectant solutions.

Download Full-text

Water-retaining polymers on the early growth and quality of bushy cashew (Anacardium humile A. St. Hill) seedlings

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3277

Author(s):

Antonio Gabriel Ataide Soares ◽

Ruthanna Isabelle De Oliveira ◽

Thaynara Mota Venança ◽

Gabriela de Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

Alex Pinto Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Early Growth ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Volume Number ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Endemic Plant Species

Bushy cashew (Anacardium humile A. St. Hill) is an endemic plant species to the Brazilian Cerrado, a region characterized by scarce and poorly distributed rainfall. The use of hydrogel, a water-retaining polymer that features massive water storage and promotes its release into the environment throughout time may be an alternative to reduce the frequency irrigation in the production of bushy cashew seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and early growth of bushy cashew seedlings as a function of hydrogel doses. The experimental design adopted was in five randomized blocks, with five hydrogel doses (0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; and 4,0 g L-1 of soil), and each plot consisting of 10 seedlings, totaling 250 plants. A Yellow Latosol with sandy-loam texture was used for seedling production. The growth evaluation was performed through the variables of emergence speed index, germination percentage, height, diameter, root volume, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and the Dickson quality index. The results revealed a positive influence of the hydrogel on the growth and quality of bushy cashew seedlings, notably at the dose of 4 g L-1 of soil.

Download Full-text

CARPOSEMINAL BIOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v47i4.54128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Cristina Rickli-Horst ◽

Manoela Mendes Duarte ◽

Cacilda João Chirinzane ◽

Antonio Carlos Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Potential Temperature ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Germination Test ◽

Mean Values ◽

Blotting Paper ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Digital Caliper

Cabralea canjerana is a species that has ecological and economic importance for the Southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds as well as the C. canjerana germinative process submitted to different substrates and temperatures. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed with the aid of digital caliper. In the germination test, the substrates blotting paper, sand and vermiculite, and the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC were used. The germination percentage, mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), synchronization index (SI), fresh mass (FS) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were assessed. The highest germination percentages occurred for vermiculite at three temperatures, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C. There was seedling formation in all treatments. The use of the sand substrate and the temperatures of 25 and 30 °C provided lower mean values of MGT and SI and higher mean values of MGR. The highest DM occurred with sand at the temperature of 20 ºC. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds varied. We recommend the use of vermiculite at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C for germination tests.Keywords: Meliaceae, native species, germination potential, temperature, substrate. Resumo:Biometria carpo seminal e germinação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. Cabralea canjerana é uma espécie que possui importância ecológica e econômica para o Sul do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a biometria de frutos e sementes, assim como o processo germinativo de C. canjerana submetido a diferentes substratos e temperaturas. Analisaram-se as características biométricas de frutos e sementes com auxílio de paquímetro digital. No teste de germinação, foram utilizados os substratos papel mata-borrão, areia e vermiculita e as temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, avaliando-se a porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação (VMG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), índice de sincronização (I), massa fresca (MF) e massa seca (MS) de plântulas. As maiores porcentagens de germinação ocorreram com vermiculita nas três temperaturas, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C. Houve formação de plântulas em todos os tratamentos. O uso do substrato areia e das temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC proporcionou menores médias de TMG e I e maiores médias de VMG. A maior MS ocorreu utilizando-se areia sob temperatura de 20 ºC. Ocorreu variação das características biométricas de frutos e sementes. Recomenda-se a utilização de vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C para testes de germinação.Palavras-chave: Meliaceae, espécie nativa, potencial germinativo, temperatura, substrato.

Download Full-text

POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS E TEORES DE ÁGUA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MILHETO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 619

Author(s):

TATHIANA ELISA MASETTO ◽

ELISÂNGELA LEITE VARGAS ◽

SILVANA DE PAULA QUINTÃO SCALON

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Randomized Design

RESUMO – O processo germinativo se inicia com a absorção de água pelas sementes e é influenciado peladisponibilidade hídrica e pelo teor de água das sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes potenciais hídricose de teores de água das sementes na germinação e crescimento de plântulas de milheto. Foram utilizadas sementes comteores de água de 14,1%; 16,1%; 20,8% e 21,9% posicionadas em caixas plásticas do tipo “gerbox” sobre duas folhasde papel toalha para germinação previamente umedecidas com 10 mL de soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) nospotenciais hídricos de 0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa. As sementes foram mantidas em câmara de germinação a25 °C sob luz branca constante. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x 5, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 50 sementes cada. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à primeira contagem,germinação, comprimento da raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento total, massa fresca e seca de plântulas.A redução dos potenciais hídricos associada aos teores de água das sementes afeta negativamente a germinação e ocrescimento das plântulas de milheto, principalmente em sementes com o teor de água de 14,1%. As sementes com osteores de água acima de 16,1% são menos suscetíveis à redução das disponibilidades hídricas do substrato a partir dopotencial de -0,1 MPa.Palavras-chave: Pennisetum glaucum, polietilenoglicol, teor de água de sementes.WATER POTENTIAL AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SEED GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH OF PEARL MILLETABSTRACT – The germination process starts with water absorption by seeds and is influenced by the water availabilityand seeds moisture content. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different substrate water potentials and the watercontents of the seeds on seed germination of pearl millet. The treatments comprised pearl millet seeds with 14.1%,16.1%, 20.8% and 21.9% moisture content and submitted to the water availability in the substrate of 0.0 (control); -0.1;-0.2; -0.3; -0.4 and -0.6 MPa. Seeds were sowed in two germination papers and positioned inside plastic boxes of the“gerbox” type and maintained at 25ºC. A completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 4 x 5 was used, with fourreplications of 50 seeds per treatment. The seeds were evaluated through the first counting, germination percentage,aerial part, root length, total length and fresh and dry mass of seedlings. The reduction of the water potentials associatedto the seed water contents affected negatively the seeds germination and seedlings growth of pearl millet, especially inseeds with 14.1% water content. The seeds with water content above 16.1% were less sensitive to the decrease in thewater availability of the substrate from -0.1 MPa.Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, polyethylene glycol, seeds water content.

Download Full-text

Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Quinoa Seedlings Under Water and Salt Stress

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n15p153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geovana Facco Barbieri ◽

Raquel Stefanello ◽

Janine Farias Menegaes ◽

Janete Denardi Munareto ◽

Ubirajara Russi Nunes

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Germination Process ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Osmotic Potentials

Excessive amounts of salts and soil water deficiency interfere on seed germination and the full development of several crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water stress and salinity on the germination process and initial growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seedlings. In the first experiment, two quinoa seed lots with different physiological conditions were distributed on paper soaked in aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol PEG-6000 in osmotic potentials corresponding to 0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3 and -0.4 MPa and held at 20 °C under 8 hours of light exposition. In the second experiment, solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were used to simulate the effect of salinity using the osmotic potentials, temperature and light conditions previously described. Assessed parameters were the germination percentage, first count, length and dry mass of seedlings. There was a reduction in quinoa germination percentage, first seed count and seedling length as the osmotic potential decreased in CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 solutions. The quinoa seeds exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl and KCl salts in the germination process and initial seedling growth. The progressive reduction of the osmotic potential induced by salts NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 negatively affects seed germination and initial growth of quinoa seedlings.

Download Full-text