scholarly journals A Study on Chicken Fat as an Alternative Feedstock: Biodiesel Production, Fuel Characterisation, and Diesel Engine Performance Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5535-5546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Mohiddin ◽  
A. A. Saleh ◽  
A. N. R. Reddy ◽  
S. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

Biodiesel is one of the promising renewable sources to fulfill the future energy demand of the world. Sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production is one of the major criteria to ensure the process of renewability. Chicken fat is an encouraging feedstock for biodiesel. In this study, waste chicken fat was converted to biodiesel via catalysed transesterification. Optimised process parameters were recorded at 1:4 oil-to-methanol volume ratio and 0.5 wt% KOH catalyst concentration with a biodiesel yield of 96%. The FT-IR spectral analysis of chicken fat and chicken fat biodiesel confirmed the conversion of chicken fats into biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of biodiesel were tested in accordance with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. The specific fuel properties of chicken fat biodiesel that include calorific value, viscosity and acid value were found to be lower than that of petrodiesel. The diesel engine performance tests confirmed that the biodiesel blends performance was similar to petrodiesel.  It is noted that while the brake horsepower increased with the increase of biodiesel blending percentage, the engine power output was found to decrease. Specific fuel consumption also increased along with the biodiesel blending percentage.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil and Its Application in Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ismail ◽  
S. A Abu ◽  
R Rezaur ◽  
H Sinin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Optimum Production

In this study, the optimum biodiesel conversion from crude castor oil to castor biodiesel (CB) through transesterification method was investigated. The base catalyzed transesterification under different reactant proportion such as the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and mass ratio of catalyst to oil was studied for optimum production of castor biodiesel. The optimum condition for base catalyzed transesterification of castor oil was determined to be 1:4.5 of oil to methanol ratio and 0.005:1 of potassium hydroxide to oil ratio. The fuel properties of the produced CB such as the calorific value, flash point and density were analyzed and compared to conventional diesel. Diesel engine performance and emission test on different CB blends proved that CB was suitable to be used as diesel blends. CB was also proved to have lower emission compared to conventional diesel.

Effect of Compression Ratio on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Fueled with Tamanu Oil Methyl Ester and its Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Antony Miraculas ◽  
N. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Acid And Base

Biofuels are renewable, nontoxic and ecofriendly fuels that can play an important role in automobile industries. They can successfully replace diesel fuel and helps in decreasing the import of crude oil. The discarded seed ofCalophyllunInophyllumwhich are planted in India mainly to prevent soil erosion is considered as the possible source for extracting biodiesel. Thetamanuoil extracted had a fatty acid value of 48 mg KOH/g, therefore a two stage esterification processes with acid and base catalyst were used for converting it into biodiesel. The fuel was then tested for properties such as viscosity, calorific value and carbon residue using standard test procedures and found to be analogous with diesel, which makes it possible to use this alternate fuel in the existing engine without any modification. A single cylinder, four stroke, constant speed, variable compression ratio, direct injection diesel engine developing 5KW power with provision for computerized data acquisition is used to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics. The test results were analyzed for biodiesel and its blends in comparison with standard diesel at different compression ratios (16:1, 18:1, 20:1 & 22:1). The performance and emission results of the diesel engine revealed that biodiesel can be blended with diesel up to 40% at an optimum CR of 20, in order to get improved performance and reduced emission.

scholarly journals A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽  
Farhad M. Hossain ◽  
Mohammad G. Rasul ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

scholarly journals An investigation of effect of biodiesel and aviation fuel jeta-1 mixtures performance and emissions on diesel engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yamik
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which doesn?t contain pollutants and sulfur; on the contrary it contains oxygen. In addition, both physical and chemical properties of sunflower oil methyl ester (SME) are identical to diesel fuel. Conversely, diesel and biodiesel fuels are widely used with some additives to reduce viscosity, increase the amount of cetane, and improve combustion efficiency. This study uses diesel fuel, SME and its mixture with aviation fuel JetA-1 which are widely used in the aviation industry. . Fuel mixtures were used in 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under full load and variable engine speeds. In this experiment, engine performance and emission level are investigated. As a conclusion, as the JetA-1 ratio increases in the mixture, lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission is measured. Also, specific fuel consumption is lowered.

Diesel engine performance at the intake of the hydrogen&air mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
The Difference

The prospects of using hydrogen as a motor fuel are noted. The problems that arise when converting a diesel engine to run on hydrogen are considered. The features of the organization of the working process of enginesrunning on hydrogen are analyzed. A method of supplying a hydrogenair mixture to a diesel engine is investigated. To supply hydrogen to the engine cylinders, it is proposed to use the Leader4M installation developed by TechnoHill Club LLC (Moscow). Experimental studies of a stationary diesel engine of the D245.12 S type with the supply of hydrogen at the inlet obtained at this installation are carried out. At the maximum power mode, the supply of hydrogen from this installation to the inlet of the diesel engine under study was 0.9 % by weight (taking into account the difference in the calorific value of oil diesel fuel and hydrogen). Such a supply of hydrogen in the specified mode made it possible to increase the fuel efficiency of the diesel engine and reduce the smoke content of exhaust gases, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Keywords internal combustion engines; diesel engine; diesel fuel; hydrogen; hydrogenair mixture; fuel efficiency; exhaust gas toxicity indicators

scholarly journals Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Neem Seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Biodiesel Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Bakari Hamadou ◽  
Djomdi ◽  
Ruben Zieba Falama ◽  
Cedric Delattre ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
The City

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of neem seeds, according to their mass and oil content, on the production of biodiesel. After the physical characterization of the seeds and extraction of the oil (triglycerides), biodiesel was produced from crude neem seed oil by transesterification with ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of these seeds vary according to the origin of the samples. The seeds from Zidim, with a mass average of 200 seeds evaluated at 141.36 g and an almond content of 40.70%, have better characteristics compared to those collected in the city of Maroua, with average values evaluated at 128.00 g and 36.05%, respectively. Almonds have an average lipid content of 53.98 and 56.75% for the Maroua and Zidim samples, respectively. This study also reveals that neem oil, by its physicochemical characteristics, has a satisfactory quality for a valorization in the production of biodiesel. However, its relatively high free fatty acid content is a major drawback, which leads to a low yield of biodiesel, evaluated on average at 89.02%, and requires a desacidification operation to improve this yield. The analysis of biodiesel indicates physicochemical characteristics close and comparable to those of petrodiesel, particularly in terms of calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, evaluated at 41.00 MJ/kg, 0.803, 4.42 cSt, and 0.130 mg/g, respectively.

Ethanol and Diesel Fuel Mix the Preparation and Physical and Chemical Properties of Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Distillation Range ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Fuel Filter ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

To ethanol fuel engine performance and the physical and chemical properties were introduced, and the mixed fuel ethanol diesel phase solublecharacteristic test, hybrid fuel mixture fuel of cold, mixed fuel filter point of viscosity and lubricity, mixed fuel distillation range and hybrid hexadecane value, hybrid density and calorific value and mixed fuel phase separation and stability analysis of numerical calculation.

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