scholarly journals Institutions and Economic Development on the Example of OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Mateusz Borkowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of economic development has been the subject of discussion in economic theory for hundreds of years. It is one of the most important issues in economics. To this day, it is crucial to specify the factors and conditions of this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to identify the direction and strength of the relationship between the quality of the institutional environment and the level of economic development. The soft modelling method and analysis of the literature were applied to identify this relationship. Selected research methods allowed for the positive verification of the adopted hypothesis- institutional environment has a significant, positive impact on shaping economic development dynamics.

Spatial diversity of economic development between powiats of the Slaskie voivodship

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Rafał Wisła ◽  
Tomasz Tokarski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the article is the internal differentiation of the development of the most urbanized voivodship in Poland. The aim of the study is to assess the scale of the spatial differentiation of economic development of powiats in the Slaskie voivodship in the years 2002—2013. To achieve this, the research methods were used, as follows: a descriptive analysis of selected macroeconomic values, taxonomic analysis and clustering. The results of the analyzes tend to the formulation of two key proposals. Firstly, in the years 2002—2013 a quintile with the highest level of economic development formed the urban powiats of the Silesian agglomeration. Secondly, in the Slaskie voivodship, there were strong internal diversity in entrepreneurship and directions of its development.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Correlations Between Public Capital Investments and Economic Development in Romania

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Sava ◽  
Bogdan Zugravu
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to address the correlations between public capital investments and economic development in Romania. Firstly, it presents a brief literature review on the subject proposed for analysis, under which it can be assumed that public capital investments have a positive impact on production, employment, private sector and thus contribute to economic development. Also, we found some heterogeneity of results across country, regions and sectors. Secondly, it analysis the evolution of public capital investments and gross domestic product during 2006-2009 and also tests the relationship between this two variables, using a correlation coefficient, based on data from the general consolidated budget provided by The Ministry of Public Finance and also statistical data on GDP from National Institute of Statistics.

scholarly journals Features of the Influence of Human Capital on Economic Development: The Case of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437
Author(s):  
Andrii Zolkover ◽  
Аnastasiіa Kaplina ◽  
Olena Loboda ◽  
Natalia Kyrychenko ◽  
Nataliia Chopko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the nature of the relationship between the development of human capital (HC) and the development of the economy of Ukraine. Using the Granger test and cognitive modeling, the features of the development of HC in modern conditions and its influence on the country's economic development have been determined, and the dominant factors influencing the development and quality of HC have been empirically substantiated. The ambiguous nature of the influence of HC on the country's economy due to the inefficiency of spending in the field of education and health care has been established using the impulse modeling method. The positive impact of the development of HC on the development of the economy is leveled with the growth of investment in education and health care, which is due to the low efficiency of expenditures and the insufficient level of competence of state bodies.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Janina Šeputienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.

Regional economic growth and human capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Grażyna Trzpiot
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Nature

The primary objective of cohesion policy is to reduce the differences in the economic development of the regions. The determinants of taken actions are the subject of research and discussion. An important factor in economic success is human capital. The article discusses the measurement of the relations between human capital resources and economic development in regions. Data of Statistics Poland for the years 2010—2015 were used. In the study, aimed at indicating the relationship between human capital and the level of economic development in the regions, a measure of human capital (HC) was applied. The established dependencies are of a non-linear nature.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

scholarly journals Evolution of university governance in Morocco: Which impacts?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Khalid Ayad ◽  
Khaoula Dobli Bennani ◽  
Mostafa Elhachloufi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
University Governance ◽  
General Review ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The concept of governance has become ubiquitous since it is recognized as an important tool for improving quality in all aspects of higher education.In Morocco, few scientific articles have dealt with the subject of university governance. Therefore, we will present a general review of the evolution of governance through laws and reforms established by Moroccan Governments from 1975 to 2019. The purpose of the study is to detect the extent of the presence of university governance principles in these reforms.This study enriches the theoretical literature on the crisis of Moroccan university and opens the way to new empirical studies to better understand the perception of university governance concept in the Moroccan context and to improve the quality of higher education and subsequently the economic development of the country.The findings of this study show an increasing evolution of the presence of university governance principles in reforms and higher education laws.

Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Alfonso Díez-Minguela ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Railroad Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between railroad integration and regional development on the European periphery between 1870 and 1910, based on a regional data set including 291 spatial units. Railroad integration is proxied by railroad density, while per capita GDP is used as an indicator of economic development. The period under study is of particular relevance as it has been associated with the second wave of railroad construction in Europe and also coincides with the industrialization of most of the continent. Overall, we found that railroads had a significant and positive impact on the growth of per capita GDP across Europe. The magnitude of this relationship appears to be relatively modest, but the results obtained are robust with respect to a number of different specifications. From a geographical perspective, we found that railroads had a significantly greater influence on regions located in countries on the northern periphery of Europe than in other outlying areas. They also helped the economies of these areas to begin the process of catching up with the continent’s industrialized core. In contrast, the regions on the southern periphery showed lower levels of economic growth, with this exacerbating the preexisting divergence in economic development. The expansion of the railroad network in them was unable to homogenize the diffusion of economic development and tended to further benefit the regions that were already industrialized. In most of the cases, the capital effect was magnified, and this contributed to the consolidation of newly created nation-states.

Public health as a basic condition for the socio-economic development of the region

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
А.Н. Гайфуллин
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Социально-экономическое развитие есть планомерная процедура совершенствования уровня жизни, качественных и количественных характеристик, потребляемых общественностью благ. Исходя из ситуации со здоровьем населения в регионе, выставляются соответствующие ориентиры. В разрезе региональной специфики закладываются и реализуются целевые программы, которые одновременно зависят от здоровья населения и направлены, собственно, на улучшение качества его здоровья. Согласно тематике настоящей статьи, ведущий фактор социально-экономического роста - здоровье населения, именно он будет оценен как катализатор искомого регионального развития. Socio-economic development is a systematic procedure for improving the standard of living, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the goods consumed by the public. Based on the health situation of the population in the region, appropriate guidelines are set. In the context of regional specifics, targeted programs are being laid and implemented, which at the same time depend on the health of the population and are aimed, in fact, at improving the quality of its health. According to the subject of this article, the leading factor of socio-economic growth is the health of the population, it will be evaluated as a catalyst for the desired regional development.

scholarly journals Cultural and Social Diversity as an Economic Resource

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Damian S. Pyrkosz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
The Relationship

The paper seeks to identify the role of cultural and social diversity in economic development. It starts by defining the terms that are critical to the analysis, including diversity, fractionalization, polarization, social diversity, cultural diversity and economic resources, as well as providing the most significant indexes thereof. The main body of the paper interprets the notions of cultural and social diversity in terms of being a valuable economic resource. Furthermore, it collects a vast body of literature to demonstrate the relationship between the cultural/social diversity and economic development with regard to adverse or positive impact on the latter. In regard to the negative impact of diversity, the paper identifies it in the area of social communication, social capital and networks, as it effectively causes a decrease in productivity and increase in social conflict and isolation. The positive link is demonstrated with examples in the areas of innovation, creativity, usage of complementary abilities and experiences, and their role in increasing productivity. The paper refers to numerous data sources, studies and indexes illustrating how the economic systems of various countries perform in the context of the paper’s subject-matter.

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