scholarly journals The Combination of Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta, and Loranthus sp. as a Source of Antioxidant Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani ◽  
Sri Kasmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
A Value ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Dpph Method

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta), and benalu (Loranthus sp.) have often been used by people as medicinal plants. This research aimed to measure the levels of flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid compounds, as well as the Free Radical Scavenging (FRS) activity of ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. The FRS activity was measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The level of compounds was measured by using the spectrophotometry method with specific reagents. The result of the FRS activity in ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. varied depending on its dose. The measure of FRS in the P. niruri: E. hirta: Loranthus sp 0:0:1 (K-OOL) composition showed a strong result with a value of IC50 97.2 ± 2.1 ppm, while in the 0:0.5:0.5 (K-OEL) composition it was moderate with a value of IC50 147.6 ± 6.5 ppm. The other compositions showed weak and inactive results. The K-OOL composition had the highest flavonoid and phenolic content that were 298.8±0.00 mg QE/g extract and 141.5±2.85 mg GAE/g extract respectively. The composition with the highest ascorbic acid content (298.8±0.00 mg/g extract) was K-OEO composition. So far, research on medicinal plants is still limited to one type of plant. The combination of several types of plants in several formulations allows obtaining a composition that can produce maximum antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this research is expected to produce a combination formulation of various types of medicinal plants that have the K-OOL composition very strong antioxidant activity and can be used as herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Extract from Lakoocha Leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham) using DPPH Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan ◽  
Mardiana
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method

This study aimed to investigate phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract from lakoocha leaves. The powdered simplicia was macerated with n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol 96% successively, filtered, then concentrated using rotary evaporator to obtain n–hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity was performed against these extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at wavelength of 516 nm after incubated for 60 minutes in dark place. Quercetin was used as positive control. The result of phytochemical screening showed n-hexane extract contains steroid, ethyl acetate extract contain steroid, tannin, glycoside, flavonoid and saponin, whereas ethanol extract contain tannin, glycoside, flavonoid and saponin. The IC50 value of n–hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract was 1062.03±1.42 ppm, 323.18±0.02 ppm and 99.23±0.07 ppm respectively, whereas for quercetin was 2.32±0.01 ppm. This study showed that ethanol extract had antioxidant activity with strong category whereas n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract had inactive antioxidant activity with very weak categories.       Keyword: Antioxidant Activity, DPPH, Lakoocha leaf

scholarly journals STUDY ON Hibiscus tiliaceus LEAVES AS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS

Alotrop ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Syahmie Samsudin ◽  
Yosie Andriani ◽  
Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono ◽  
Desy Fitrya Syamsumir
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Positive Results

This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water crude sample fractions of H. tiliaceus leaves. Various type of samples play an important role to determining which compound that will give the positive results in antioxidant test (inhibiting free radical scavenging activity) which they probably have potency for preventing the cancer disease. Furthermore, those types of samples were also tested to the antibacterial test as their possibilities to be created as new antibiotics in the future. This research also focused on what compound groups that actually present in H. tiliaceus leaves by using the phytochemistry test. Antioxidant potency of H. tiliaceus leaves extracts for the radical scavenging activity for quantitative assay was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antibacterial potency was measured by the Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) by applied the sample chemical crude in the plate. The result showed that all chemical crude of H. tiliaceus leaves has high antioxidant property as methanol crude (MC) 308.416%; hexane crude (HC) 232.837%; dichloromethane crude (DC) 150.837%; ethyl acetate crude (EC) 73.623% and water crude (WC) 71.777% with respected to the readings of  100% from quercetin (Q) as a positive control. From antibacterial result, entire samples had shown the positive results towards both gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli). The ranges of the inhibition zone were both at 7-10 mm and 10-15 mm. The phytochemistry test determine that the samples actually contained a lot of compounds which were proteins, carbohydrates, phenols/tannins, flavonoid, terpenoids, glycosides and also steroid. It is clearly indicated that H. tiliaceus leaves have potential to be used against the antioxidant and also as new antibacterial agents

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of `Rio Red', `Marsh White', and Commercial Juice In Vitro Model Systems

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135B-1135
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Girennavar ◽  
Bhimanagouda Patil ◽  
Guddadarangavvanahally Jayaprakasha
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Dpph Method

Antioxidant activity is widely used as a parameter to characterize different plant materials for potential health benefits. This activity is related with compounds capable of protecting a biological system against the harmful effect of reactions that can cause excessive oxidation, involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). There has been growing interest in the beneficial health effects of consuming fruits and vegetables. Mainly, the presence of lycopene, ascorbic acid, and phenolic antioxidants is believed to have the protective mechanism. The free radical-scavenging activities of grapefruit extract of `Rio Red', `Marsh White', and commercial juice were extracted with different solvents, such as hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. The dried extracts were screened for their radical scavenging activity using the α,α -diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The ethyl acetate extracts of commercial juice and `Marsh White' were found to possess more radical scavenging activity compared with the other two extracts. However, chloroform extracts of `Rio Red' grapefruit were the most active, which may be ascribed to the presence of more lycopene. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of `Rio Red' and `Marsh White' extracts was assayed through the phosphomolybdenum method and expressed as equivalent to ascorbic acid (μmol·g-1 of the extract). The order of antioxidant capacity for `Rio Red' extracts was found to be hexane > chloroform > ethyl acetate, while the order for `Marsh White' was chloroform > hexane > ethyl acetate. The results indicate that the extent of antioxidant activity of the extract is in accordance with the amount of lycopene/phenolics present in that extract; commercial juice and `Rio Red' may provide a good source of antioxidants.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Artocarpus scortechinii KING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajarahtunnur Jamil ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Norzafneza Mohd Arriffin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

The antioxidant activities of extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from the leaves and stem barks of Artocarpus scortechinii were evaluated using various biochemical assays. The quantification of the Total Antioxidant Capacity was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. While, the qualitative of The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined via standard gallic acid calibration graph which was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw) using Folin Ciocalteau’s reagent. Among all the extracts tested, the methanolic extract of the stem barks showed the highest phenolic content with TPC value of 136.84 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). FRAP results were expressed as mM equivalent to FeSO4.7H2O by calculating from the standard FeSO4.7H2O calibration graph. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks showed the most significant reducing potential in the range between 0.27-2.47 mM FRAP. ABTS+˙ radical scavenging capacity showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks had the highest scavenging capacity at concentration 1.0 mM with percentage of 90.9%.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Adlis Santoni ◽  
Mai Efdi ◽  
Akmel Suhada
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum is endemic plant of Zingiberaceae family that distributed in Sumatera. Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum contained some secondary metabolite such as phenolic, saponin, triterpenoid and alkaloid. The biological activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots was tested for antibacterial and antioxydant activity. Antioxidant activity was analized by DPPH method. The antibacterial activity  was tested by used disk difussion method againts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Almost all of Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots extract were given antibacterial activity, nonetheless the biggest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli that was inhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts which have inhibition zone 10 mm at  concentration 500 mg/L and also againts Staphylococcus aureus, the biggest inhibition by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts which have inhibition zone 10.30 mm at concentration 500 mg/L. Among all extracts tested, methanol extract of the possessed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 51.89 mg/L.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Enterobacter cloacae of extracts of Eclipta alba Hassk.

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Xuan Dai ◽  
Anh Thi Tu Vo
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Eclipta Alba

This study was subjected to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Eclipta alba extracts (methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae of the extracts. The extracts of Eclipta alba were tested against E. cloacae. The highest antibacterial potentiality was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves, means of zones of bacterial growth inhibition are 26.3 mm at a concentration of 32 μg/mL. DPPH free radical scavenging effect of the extracts was compared with standard antioxidant vitamin C. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract of E. alba leaves. The result also showed that the DPPH scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract from leaves of E. alba was high (EC50 = 419.38 μg/mL). However, this result was 18.99 times lower than that of vitamin C (EC50 = 22.08 μg/mL).

Biomedical applications of fish gut associated Streptomyces maritimus IM20 isolated from Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Angamuthu Vignesh ◽  
Venugopal Gopikrishnan ◽  
Sivaraj Anbarasu ◽  
Manikkam Radhakrishnan ◽  
Joseph Jerrine
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Indian Mackerel ◽  
Fish Gut ◽  
Rastrelliger Kanagurta

The biomedical potential of fish gut-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine fish Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel) was investigated. The actinobacterial strain IM20 was isolated from the fish gut by using Kusters agar medium prepared with 50% sea water. Based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics, strain IM20 was identified as Streptomyces maritimus. The bioactive metabolites produced from the strain IM20 by agar surface fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were tested for in vitro antimicrobial, antiquorum sensing , anti-biofilm, anti TB, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity. The MIC value of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of IM20 was found to be 16 μg ml−1 against S. aureus and E. coli. In quorum sensing inhibition assay, the extract showed violacein inhibition upto 87% at 512 μg ml−1 concentration when tested by pigment inhibition assay using C. violaceum MTCC 2656. The results of in vitro assays revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of IM-20 (EAE-IM20) showed 75%, 83% and 72% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis (SHRE sensitive) and multi drug resistant (MDR) M tuberculosis respectively at 500 μg ml−1 concentration. In DPPH assay, 71% radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the EAE-IM20 at 250 μg ml−1. In MTT assay, EAEIM20 exhibited 74.29±2.01% inhibition on breast cancer cell line MCF7 (250 μg ml−1). This study broadly determines that the fish associated actinobacteria is a prolific place for diverse multifunctional bioactive compounds for the development of medically important unique drugs.

scholarly journals Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of High Concentration of Bioactive Compounds Fragments from Euphorbia hirta L. Extract and Their Effect on Diabetes Mellitus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.

scholarly journals Studies on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of an Endophytic Fungi from Magnifera indica L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mozammel Haque ◽  
Mohammad Shoeb ◽  
Nilufar Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Two compounds, ergosterol (1) and 4-hydroxy-hexadec-6-enoic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungal strain labeled as MI-3, isolated from the leave of Magnifera indica L. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1H NMR studies and comparing with published data. The crude ethyl acetate extract, three column fractions and ergosterol were tested for antimicrobial activity against five Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi by disc diffusion method. The general toxicity and antioxidant activity of the parent extract, column fractions and ergosterol were also evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality assay and free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Low activities were observed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21862 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 63-67, 2014 (June)

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Rice Straw Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnaser Abdelghany Elzaawely ◽  
Hanafey F. Maswada ◽  
M.E.A. El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed E. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
High Level

Agricultural wastes cause a serious environmental problem in Egypt. Utilization of these wastes by an environmentally friendly way is a very important issue. The objective of this study was to utilize rice straw into high-value products. Antioxidant activity, total soluble phenols, and flavonoids were evaluated in ethyl acetate extract prepared from rice straw after alkaline hydrolysis. Total phenols were found to be 221.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), while total flavonoids were 4.9 mg rutin equivalents (RE). The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and its IC50 value was 0.4 mg/ml. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract possessed high antioxidant activity assayed by β-carotene bleaching method and its value of lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) was 75.4%. It also exhibited high reducing power and its IC50 value was equal to 0.06 mg/ml. HPLC analysis indicated that this extract contained seven phenolic acids including; protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, rosmarinic and cinnamic, in addition to two flavonoids; qurecetin and kaempferol. Results indicated that ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the major soluble phenolic acids in rice straw, and their concentrations were 3.9 and 2.9 mg/g DW. It can be summarized that the strong antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract, prepared from rice straw, was highly correlated with its high level of phenolic compounds.

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