scholarly journals Size and Density of Artemisia annua Stomata Soaked in Water Extract of Gloriosa superba Seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Sri Indah Rahmawati ◽  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Ari Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Gloriosa Superba ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Stomatal Length

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> is a herbaceous plant that produces artemisinin as a malaria drug, haemorrhoids therapy, aromatherapy, antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial. </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> is a plant that contains high colchicine compounds, especially on the seeds. </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> extracts of tubers, stems, seeds, and leaves were used as biomutagen for many plants. Colchicine contains of these plants as antimitotic have been studied and proven by the mitotic index plants. Water extracts of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> seeds was used as a mutagen for </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">. The aim of this study was to determine the size and density of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> stomata soaked in water extract of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> seeds as a mutagen. Extraction of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> seeds obtained naturally on Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul by using a maceration method with water solvent (1:1). </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sprouts were obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu. Variables treatment on sprouts using water extract concentration of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> seeds and soaking time of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sprouts. Measurements of stomatal length, width and density were conducted in epidermis of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Artemisia annua</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> leaf. Observation and measurements of the stomata were conducted by using a light microscope. The results showed that the length and width of stomata were 0.025 mm and 0.017 mm respectively. The stomatal density of the control leaf (174.69 amount/mm2) was lower than the other treated plants. Stomatal size and density has increased with the increasing concentration extracts on treated plants. Water extracts of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gloriosa superba</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> seeds proved the effects on stomatal size and density of treated plants.  </span></p>

scholarly journals ARTEMISININ CONTENT ON ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. TREATED BY GLORIOSA SUPERBA SEEDS’ WATER EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Indah R ◽  
Ari Susilowati ◽  
Yuli Widyastuti ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Gloriosa Superba ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Artemisinin Content ◽  
Plant Treatment

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the artemisinin content on Artemisia annua L. treated by water extract of Gloriosa superba seeds.Methods: G. superba seeds obtained naturally on Krakal Beach, Gunung Kidul, and extraction used a maceration method by water solvent (1:1). A. annua L. sprouts were obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu. Treatment variables done on sprouts using various water extract concentration of G. superba seeds and soaking time on A. annua L. sprouts. Determination of artemisinin content in leaf extract of A. annua L. was done using KLT-densitometric method with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (4:1) as mobile phase.Result: The result showed that artemisinin content in plant treatment of G. superba seed water extract was higher (9.78 μg/μl [±3.21]–16.60 μg/μl [±1.39]) compared to control plants (6.39 μg/μl [±1.40]). The concentration water extract of G. superba seed affected the level of artemisinin in the treatment plant. On the other hand, the soaking of A. annua L. sprouts using the water extract of G. superba seed did not affect the level of artemisinin content.Conclusion: Artemisinin content in treatment plant by G. superba seed water extract treatment was higher compared to control plants.

scholarly journals Stomatal Density In Miscanthus Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pauková ◽  
Zuzana Jureková
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The South ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract In this study, the number of stomata per unit area was determined in the perennial energy grass of two genotypes Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deuter) and M. sinensis ‘Tatai’ on arable land in the South-western Slovakia. The dynamics of stomatal density per mm2 was determined by non-destructive method in three randomly selected clumps. The number of stomata per mm2 of area varied from 125 ±23 to 327 ±47, stomatal length ranged from 33.9 ±4.7 μm to 35.3 ±3.4 μm, and stomatal width ranged from 17.5 ±2.3 μm to 18.8 ±2.8 μm in the two genotypes. We confirmed ontogenetic heterogeneity of leaf area size and stomatal size parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Value of Stomatal Size and Density as Hallmarks of Nonaploid Kiwifruit Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Chłosta ◽  
Grzegorz Góralski ◽  
Marzena Popielarska-Konieczna
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Abstract In vitro-derived plants with elevated ploidy levels can display distinguishing features from the plants they are derived from, especially owing to their indirect regeneration. Genome size affects cell size and, thus, affects plant morphological characteristics. Therefore, stomata traits may be used as a diagnostic feature allowing identification of ploidy. Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa A. Chev. (A. Chev.), known as kiwifruit, is successfully cultured in vitro and redifferentiated into plants via endosperm-derived calli. To identify differences between hexaploids obtained from seeds and confirmed nonaploids obtained from endosperm-derived calli, we analyzed the stomata. Our results confirmed that ploidy coincides with mean stomatal length, width, and density. Despite this correlation, this method cannot be used to distinguish individual hexaploid kiwifruit plants from nonaploid ones because samples with different ploidy yielded overlapping measurements.

scholarly journals Revisiting the physical mutagenesis for sugarcane improvement: a stomatal prospective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Stomatal Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Gamma Radiations

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the influence of gamma rays on stomatal parameters and the interaction of these traits with agronomy of the sugarcane crop. Three genotypes of sugarcane (NIA-0819, NIA-98, and BL4) were exposed to four doses of gamma radiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) and then subjected to field trials. Stomatal length, width, and density were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, agronomic and sugar-related characteristics of the crop were determined at maturity. The stomatal parameters augmented at two lower doses of gamma radiation (10 and 20 Gy) and declined under higher doses (30 and 40 Gy). The maximum stomatal length was observed in NIA-0819 at 10 Gy (63.71 µm), whereas NIA-98 and BL4 demonstrated highest stomatal length under 20 Gy (54.11 and 57.40 µm, respectively), indicating a role of genetic factors in varietal response. Similar trend was noticed for stomatal width and density as well. The lowermost treatment (10 Gy) of NIA-0819 produced maximum stomatal density (115.31 stomata mm-2 on the abaxial surface). Adaxial stomatal density was significantly lower than the abaxial one. Sugar quality attributes revealed a different tendency. Sucrose contents of BL4 increased gradually from 12.33% at control to 14.54% at 40 Gy. Yield and yield-contributing traits of genotypes indicated a strong positive correlation with the stomatal parameters. The present study suggested that gamma radiations cause variations in stomatal characteristics of sugarcane. These changes further influence the photosynthetic activity and instigate a direct impact on the agronomic performance of the crop.

scholarly journals Developmental integration cannot explain major features of stomatal anatomical evolution in seed plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D Muir ◽  
Miquel Angel Conesa ◽  
Jeroni Galmes ◽  
Varsha S Pathare ◽  
Patricia Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Phylogenetically Independent Contrasts ◽  
Stomatal Traits ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Stomatal Length ◽  
Variance Result

Developmental integration can cause traits to covary over macroevolutionary time and in some cases prevent populations from reaching their adaptive optima. Developmental integration between stomatal size and density may contribute to two major features of stomatal anatomical evolution: inverse size-density scaling and bimodal stomatal ratio. If these patterns result from developmental integration, we predicted that in amphistomatous leaves 1) stomatal size and density should covary similarly on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces and 2) stomatal traits (size and density) on each surface should covary isometrically. We synthesized data on stomatal density and length from amphistomatous leaves of 711 terrestrial seed plant taxa mostly from the literature. We estimated the covariance in divergence between stomatal traits from 327 phylogenetically independent contrasts using a robust Bayesian model. Adaxial stomatal density, but not length, is evolutionarily labile and not strongly integrated with stomatal length or abaxial stomatal density. Hence, developmental integration alone cannot explain inverse size-density scaling nor bimodal stomatal ratio. Quasi-independent evolution of stomatal anatomical traits facilitates largely unfettered access to fitness optima. If stomatal anatomical traits are near their current fitness optimum, this implies that limits on trait (co)variance result from selective rather than developmental constraints. However, we cannot rule out that developmental integration is important in some lineages. Future research should identify the mechanistic basis of(dis)integration in stomatal development.

scholarly journals Difference between emergent aquatic and terrestrial monocotyledonous herbs in relation to the coordination of leaf stomata with vein traits

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanli Zhao ◽  
Peili Fu ◽  
Guolan Liu ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Major Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Stomatal Length

Abstract Emergent aquatic plants mostly occur in shallow waters and root in bottom substrates, but their leaves emerge from the water surface and are thus exposed to air, similar to the leaves of terrestrial plants. Previous studies have found coordination between leaf water supply and demand in terrestrial plants; however, whether such a coordination exists in emergent aquatic plants remains unknown. In this study, we analysed leaf veins and stomatal characteristics of 14 emergent aquatic and 13 terrestrial monocotyledonous herb species (EMH and TMH), with 5 EMH and 8 TMH belonging to Poaceae. We found that EMH had significantly higher mean leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal density, stomatal number per vein length and major vein diameter, but lower mean major vein length per area (VLA) and total VLA than TMH. There was no significant difference in stomatal length, minor VLA and minor vein diameter between the two groups. Stomatal density and total VLA were positively correlated among the EMH, TMH, as well as the 8 Poaceae TMH species, but this correlation became non-significant when data from both the groups were pooled. Our results showed that the differences in water supply between emergent aquatic and terrestrial plants modify the coordination of their leaf veins and stomatal traits.

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Klaus ◽  
Maja Kozarski ◽  
Miomir Niksic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.:Fr.) Karst is one of the medicinal mushrooms, which possesses enviable antioxidant properties. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging abilities on 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and chelating effects on ferrous ions of hot water extracts obtained from carpophore and spores of this mushroom. Hot water extract from carpophore (Gl-I) showed high antioxidant activity of 85.7 ? 0.7%, at 10 mg/ml, while antioxidant activity of hot water extract from spores (Gl-Is) was 9.2 ? 0.3% at 10 mg/ml. Reducing power of Gl-I reached a plateau of 3.4 ? 0.1 at 20 mg/ml, and 0.3 ? 0.0 at 20 mg/ml for Gl-Is. At 10 mg/ml, scavenging ability on DPPH radicals of Gl-I increased to 96.8 ? 2.5%, whereas Gl-Is scavenged DPPH radicals by 69.6 ? 2.5% at 10 mg/ml. Gl-I chelated 81.6 ? 3.6 % of ferrous ions at 20 mg/ml, while the chelating effect of Gl-Is was 73.8 ? 1.7%. The antioxidative activities of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of the mushroom G. lucidum were concentration dependent and increased with an increase in the concentration.

Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Mycelia Materials of Several Mushrooms on the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3541-3544
Author(s):  
Pei Sheng Yan ◽  
Xiu Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts from mycelia of 6 kinds of mushrooms in liquid fermentation were investigated. All strains cultivated in shaking flask containing liquid medium, and yield of mycelia ranged from 0.051 to 1.392 g mycelia/day/L liquid medium in average. Resulting mycelia were extracted with distilled water at 50°Cfor 200 min, and the yield of water extracts from mycelia ranged from 287.475 to 490.088 mg/g dried mycelia. These water extracts were used to assay their ACE inhibitory activity. Results showed that their IC50 values ranged from 1.277 to 5.250 mg/ml. The difference among IC50 values of these water extracts were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Lactarius camphorates (IC50: 1.646±0.061mg/mL) was the specie which had relatively lower IC50 value than others, as well as relatively higher water extract yield. The results highlighted the potential for making antihypertensive functional foods or drugs from liquid cultured mycelia of Lactarius camphorates.

scholarly journals Usages of Salvia officinalis Boiled Water Extract for Pathogenic Escherichia coli Exclusion at Elevated Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sherifa Sabra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Chemical Contents

The aim was for tryout using daily regular Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts in "Arab and Saudi Society", especially at elevated region "Taif". That to prove its ability for pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion and had antibiotic resistance. This could prove strength of chemical content and adherence of "Arab People" to use as regular and daily to stabilize body health and protect against pathogenic bacteria. Salvia officinalis was purchased from pharmacy at "Taif" and boiled water extract was made. Pathogenic Escherichia coli was obtained from a "Licensed Health Center"; culture was made and suspensions. Tryout by boiled water extract were added to bacterial suspension and then were kept in incubator. The samples were taken at hours (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19); were cultured and were kept for 48 hours at 37 °C. The exclusion percent's had determined, Escherichia coli exclusion mean percentages rose 5% at third hour and then increased 7% at fifth hour and at ninth hour was 8%. Then it decreased at the eleventh hour and thirteenth hour (2% and 3%), then rose at the fifteenth hour 10%. It decreased 5% at the seventeenth hour, and then returned and rose at the nineteenth hour 12%. It was concluded Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts effects on pathogenic Escherichia coli exclusion was found during one growth bacteria cycle, indicated the characteristics of chemical contents and good daily habit. It was recommend continuing as "Arabian Habit" Salvia officinalis boiled water extracts for health and protection stability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document