INFLUENCE OF NEONATAL GESTAGEN INJECTION ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PSYCHOSEXUALITY IN FEMALE RATS

ABSTRACT The influence of neonatal injection of gestagens with androgenic, oestrogenic, or no side activities on sexual behaviour differentiation was studied in female rats. Single injections of norethindrone acetate, ethinodiol diacetate and norethindrone oenanthate, which are steroids with inherent oestrogenic activities, suppressed the capacity to display lordosis responses in adult life after hormonal stimulation. Both norethindrone esters also caused a certain shift of psychosexuality towards masculinity. The incidence of bisexuality was, however, extremely low in all the rats. Androgenic gestagens, i. e. d.l-norgestrel and norethandrolone, did not suppress female differentiation of sexuality; there was moreover no increase in male behavioural patterns. Norhydroxyprogesterone caproate, megestrol acetate and a new synthetic progesterone derivative (clomegestone acetate), all steroids with no side activities, were without any effect on mating behaviour differentiation. Allylestrenol and medroxyprogesterone acetate suppressed the capacity to display feminine mating patterns but did not induce male behaviour. It is most likely, however, that this result is due to the administration of higher gestagen doses rather than to any side effects of either steroid.

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Observations Upon the Sexual Behaviour of the Domestic Cat (Felis Catus L.) Under Laboratory Conditions

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853961x00259 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Richard P. Michael

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Mating Behaviour ◽

The State ◽

Domestic Cat ◽

Sexual Receptivity ◽

Ovarian Hormone ◽

Sexual Stimulation ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Territory Characteristics ◽

Mating Tests

AbstractDetailed descriptions are given, based upon upwards of one thousand standardized Mating Tests, of the Patterns of Sexual Behaviour shown by the adult female cat. The changes observed in these patterns are described in terms of a Behaviour Cycle. The characteristics of the four distinct stages of this Cycle have been determined by studying the behaviour of thirty animals in response both to the coital activity of the male cat and to artificial sexual stimulation. The conspicuous external signs of the Cycle, together with the highly stereotyped pattern of Mating Behaviour which constitutes a sharp end-point for quantitative study, greatly facilitate the further investigation of sexual behaviour in this form. Nothing resembling oestrous or pro-oestrous behaviour was seen either in immature animals or in spayed adult females. Only behaviourally oestrous animals can be mated, and mating was never observed after removal of the ovaries during four hundred mating tests conducted with thirty animals over a period of fourteen months. It is concluded that the state of Sexual Receptivity in the female cat is strictly dependant upon the presence of ovarian hormone. Correlations are made between the behavioural patterns and the condition of the genital tract as revealed by vaginal smears; a highly significant association exists between the degree of vaginal cornification and the behavioural state at every stage of the oestrous cycle. Oestrous behaviour and mating continue throughout the period of vaginal oestrus. Mating behaviour in association with an anoestrous vaginal epithelium is a very rare occurrence in this form. The full organisation and development of the sexual reflexes in the female feline which result in the adoption of the full oestrous posture when stimulated artificially by vaginal probing is not necessarily associated with a state of sexual receptivity. It follows that the only certain criterion of Receptivity is a positive mating test conducted with an active male. Reasons have been given for putting forward the view that a central mechanism exists, underlying the development of the state of Receptivity, which requires a higher level of ovarian hormone for its activation than that required for the organisation of the segmental, postural reflexes. Attention has been drawn to the territory characteristics of the male as well as to spontaneously occurring distortions of sexual activity. Many of the aberrant patterns of sexual behaviour, which have been described in the literature as developing in brain-damaged animals, have been found to occur in unoperated animals simply as a result of laboratory conditioning and training.

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Mating Behaviour of Australian Isolates of Phytophthora Species. I. Inter- and Intraspecific Mating

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9780123 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

CJ Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Sexual Reproduction ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Mating Behaviour ◽

Phytophthora Species ◽

The Other ◽

Detailed Report ◽

Mating Patterns ◽

Phytophthora Drechsleri ◽

New Britain

This paper presents the first detailed report on the mating behaviour of isolates of Phytophthora drechsleri, P. cinnamomi, P. parasitica, P. palmivora, P. cryptogea and P. cambivora from Australia, Papua New Guinea and New Britain. In all, 97 isolates of Australasian origin and four isolates of American origin were examined. Matings between species produced fewer oogonia and more aborted oogonia than occurred in intraspecific matings. Isolates differed in their abilities to form oogonia in interspecific matings. Unlike the other species examined, P. drechsleri isolates were unable to form oogonia and oospores in many of the intraspecific matings attempted. In general, the mating patterns of P. Cryptogea isolates were similar to those of P. drechsleri, which supports the conclusion that these taxa are conspecific. Isolates of P. parasitica mated freely in intraspecific pairings but showed some restrictions in interspecific matings, with aborted oogonia frequently being produced. The behaviour of single- zoospore derivatives from seven P.parasitica isolates that exhibited irregular sexual behaviour during culture showed that three of the field isolates were heterocaryotic, carrying both homothallic and A1 type nuclei. Both homogenic and heterogenic incompatibility mechanisms may be operative as barriers to free sexual reproduction. The present study indicates that determinations of mating competence are of little taxonomic value.

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Effects of 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-onene-3-one (R 1881): evidence for direct involvement of androgens in the defeminization of behaviour in rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0980431 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. L. Olsen

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Androgen Receptors ◽

Mating Behaviour ◽

Ovarian Hormones ◽

Female Rats ◽

Appreciable Effect ◽

Intrinsic Properties ◽

Similar Reduction ◽

Neonatal Treatment ◽

High Affinity

The synthetic androgen 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R 1881) binds specifically and with high affinity to androgen receptors and is presumably not metabolized into either the less potent androgens or into oestrogens. Because of these intrinsic properties, R 1881 can be used to investigate the possibility of a direct androgen involvement in the development of sexual behaviour. Females, at birth, were implanted with silicone elastomer capsules containing R 1881, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or cholesterol for 10 days, or given daily injections of 100 μg hormone for 5 days. Neonatal treatment with R 1881 inhibited the capacity of female rats to show female mating behaviour when given ovarian hormones in adulthood; both implants and injections caused a similar reduction in receptive and proceptive behaviours. Testosterone, given as implants, caused almost complete defeminization, while injecting the hormone had a partial inhibition on mating responses. Dihydrotestosterone had no appreciable effect upon the development of behaviour. Thus, an androgen, R 1881, which is presumed not to be aromatized to oestrogens, has the potential to cause defeminization of mating and proceptive behaviour in female rats.

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Comparison of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at different moments of the life of female rats for translational studies

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/00236772211001895 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002367722110018

Author(s):

Yuri K Sinzato ◽

Eduardo Klöppel ◽

Carolina A Miranda ◽

Verônyca G Paula ◽

Larissa F Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Full Term ◽

Female Rats ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Term Pregnancy

Animal models are widely used for studying diabetes in translational research. However, methods for induction of diabetes are conflicting with regards to their efficacy, reproducibility and cost. A comparison of outcomes between the diabetic models is still unknown, especially full-term pregnancy.To understand the comparison, we analyzed the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at three life-different moments during the neonatal period in Sprague–Dawley female rats: at the first (D1), second (D2) and fifth (D5) day of postnatal life. At adulthood (90 days; D90), the animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetic status confirmation. The diabetic and control rats were mated and sacrificed at full-term pregnancy for different analyses. Group D1 presented a higher mortality percentage after STZ administration than groups D2 and D5. All diabetic groups presented higher blood glucose levels as compared to those of the control group, while group D5 had higher levels of glycemia compared with other groups during OGTT. The diabetic groups showed impaired reproductive outcomes compared with the control group. Group D1 had lower percentages of mated rats and D5 showed a lower percentage of a full-term pregnancy. Besides that, these two groups also showed the highest percentages of inadequate fetal weight. In summary, although all groups fulfill the diagnosis criteria for diabetes in adult life, in our investigation diabetes induced on D5 presents lower costs and higher efficacy and reproducibility for studies involving diabetes-complicated pregnancy.

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Morphine Perinatal Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Negative Emotional States in Adult Offspring Rodents

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics14010029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Nair C. F. Castro ◽

Izabelle S. Silva ◽

Sabrina C. Cartágenes ◽

Luanna M. P. Fernandes ◽

Paula C. Ribera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

Female Rats ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Emotional States ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Nociceptive Responses ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

Rats And Mice

Psychoactive substances during pregnancy and lactation is a key problem in contemporary society, causing social, economic, and health disturbance. In 2010, about 30 million people used opioid analgesics for non-therapeutic purposes, and the prevalence of opioids use during pregnancy ranged from 1% to 21%, representing a public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the long-lasting neurobehavioral and nociceptive consequences in adult offspring rats and mice exposed to morphine during intrauterine/lactation periods. Pregnant rats and mice were exposed subcutaneously to morphine (10 mg/kg/day) during 42 consecutive days (from the first day of pregnancy until the last day of lactation). Offspring were weighed on post-natal days (PND) 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60, and behavioral tasks (experiment 1) or nociceptive responses (experiment 2) were assessed at 75 days of age (adult life). Morphine-exposed female rats displayed increased spontaneous locomotor activity. More importantly, both males and female rats perinatally exposed to morphine displayed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Morphine-exposed mice presented alterations in the nociceptive responses on the writhing test. This study showed that sex difference plays a role in pain threshold and that deleterious effects of morphine during pre/perinatal periods are nonrepairable in adulthood, which highlights the long-lasting clinical consequences related to anxiety, depression, and nociceptive disorders in adulthood followed by intrauterine and lactation morphine exposure.

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Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n110117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

NAJDA RIFQIYATI ◽

ANA WAHYUNI

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Side Effects ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Uric Acid Level ◽

Acid Level ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Female Rats ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Treatment Groups

Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300 mL), P2 (40 g/300 mL), and P3 (60 g/300 mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300 mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300 mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.

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Does my patient have sex ? - Mental health professionals’ understanding of sexual health issues among their patients

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S256-S256

Author(s):

Nalin Hettiarachchi ◽

Praveen Kumar ◽

vikramraj balasundaram

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

General Population ◽

Sexual Health ◽

Sexual Behaviour ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Sexual History ◽

Mental Health Clinicians ◽

Health Issues

AimsTo assess the level of understanding and difficulties encountered when obtaining sexual health details of their patients among mental health clinicians.BackgroundPeople with mental health problems, especially those treated with psychiatric medication experience greater rates of sexual difficulties than those in the general population. Mental health practitioners need to examine personal beliefs and attitudes about sexuality among people with mental health problems. Providing information about sexuality and sexual practice benefits and enhances the quality of life of people with mental health problems. Therefore taking a sexual history should be an integral part of psychiatric assessment.MethodAn online survey consisted of 17 questions to cover 3 areas of objectives mentioned above was created using Survey Monkey. A link to the survey was emailed to all the clinicians who perform psychiatric assessments. Response collection and data analysis was performed by the trust IT team.ResultTotal of 54 clinicians participated in the survey representing nurses, junior, middle grade doctors and consultants. Almost all stated that mental health patients have capacity to make appropriate decisions about their sexual behaviour patterns. 43% thought people with mental health problems don't have similar patterns of sexual behaviour compared to people without mental health problems. 11% stated that people with mental health problems do not experience greater rates of sexual difficulties than those in the general population. Nearly a third did not believe that telling patients about potential sexual side effects may lead to poor compliance. Nearly 70% stated taking a sexual history should be an integral part of psychiatric assessment. 44% reported lack of knowledge and skills when talking about sexual health and 33% avoided asking about sexual health due to lack of knowledge. Half of the clinicians avoided asking about sexual health due to the fear of embarrassing or causing distress to patients while 16% avoided asking about sexual health due to self-embarrassment. 65% talk about sexual health issues only if patients brought them up.During last 3 clinical encounters majority never asked about sexual difficulties, high risk behaviour and drug side-effects related to sexual difficulties. A significant proportion of clinicians never asked about contraception from their female clients.ConclusionSurvey revealed majority of mental health clinicians lack understanding and skills about sexual health issues highlighting the importance of raising awareness among clinicians about sexual health issues.

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