A NEW APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATING HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-GONADAL AND ADRENAL FEEDBACK CONTROL MECHANISMS: ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION WITH STEROIDS

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nieschlag ◽  
K. H. Usadel ◽  
H. K. Kley ◽  
U. Schwedes ◽  
K. Schöffling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Biological Neutralization ◽  
Group Serum

ABSTRACT A new method for the investigation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal and adrenal feedback control mechanisms based on the biological neutralization of gonadal and adrenal steroids by active immunization is proposed. The regulatory influence of a given steroid in the feedback control is proved when reduction of the free, biologically active fraction of this steroid caused by antibody binding induces a positive response of the pituitary, thus effecting gonadal or adrenal hypertrophy and hyperfunction. The advantages and limitations of the new model are demonstrated by the effects of active immunization of rabbits with cortisol (F), aldosterone (Aldo), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione (Δ4-A), testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), 5β-DHT and oestradiol (E2). In the immunized animals and in a control group serum concentrations of total corticosteroids (TC), DHA, T, Δ4-A, E1, E2, LH and FSH, the percentage of binding of steroids in serum and the specificity of the antisera are determined. The testes are evaluated by histometry and the nuclear volume of the adrenocortical and Leydig cells is measured.

Understanding the Effect of Feedback on Young Drivers’ Speeding Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1986-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Krasnova ◽  
Brett Molesworth ◽  
Ann Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
Computer Based

The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate the effect of various types of feedback on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. For four groups, feedback was provided after an 11km drive and focused on speeding behavior, the safety implications of speeding or the financial penalties if caught speeding or all three. The fifth group was a no-feedback control. Driver speed management performance was examined in two 11km drives immediately following the receipt of feedback and one week post feedback. The results showed that all types of Feedback were effective in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior compared to the control group. Providing feedback about financial implications of speeding was found to be the best in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior across all tested conditions. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

Antioxidant status of blood in patients with vibration disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Malyutina ◽  
A. F. Bolotova ◽  
R. B. Eremeev ◽  
A. Zh. Gilmanov ◽  
D. Yu. Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Introduction. The overwhelming number of publications contains only data on the content of individual antioxidants, but not on the overall antioxidant activity of the blood in patients with vibration disease.The aim of the study was to determine the total antioxidant activity of blood serum in patients with vibration disease.Materials and methods. Th e main group consisted of 30 people diagnosed with “Vibration disease” of 1 degree (n=21) and 2 degrees (n=9). Th e control group consisted of 30 clinically healthy men, comparable in age with the main group (p=0.66). Th e total activity of antioxidant systems of blood plasma was evaluated photometrically using the test system “Total antioxidant status-Novo” (“Vector-best”, Russia).Results. The indicator of the total antioxidant status (TAS) was 1,038±0.232 mmol/l in the examined main group, against 1,456±0.225 mmol/l in the examined control group (p<0.000001). Th e coefficient of variation (CV) in patients with vibration disease was 22.35%, 1.45 times higher than in the control group (15.45%). In the main group there was a positive correlation between age and TAS (R=0.525), in the control group there was no such relationship (R=0.095). Th e degree of decrease depended on the severity of vibration disease.Conclusions. 1. The development of vibration disease is accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum. 2. Th e degree of decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum correlates with the severity of vibration disease. 3. Reduction of TAS can serve as a pathogenetic justification of the need to include drugs and/or biologically active additives with antioxidant activity in therapy

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

scholarly journals Effect of a single or two doses of an anti-GnRH vaccine on testicle morpho-functional characteristics in Nelore bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel M. Doroteu ◽  
Joao H. M. Viana ◽  
Jair A. Ferreira Junior ◽  
Juliana T. A. Macedo ◽  
Rodrigo A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Boost Dose ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls undergoing a single or two immunizations against GnRH. Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) bulls were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: G1 (n=12), a single 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0; G2 (n=11), a first 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0 followed by a second (boost) dose 30 days later; and control group (CG, n=12), 1 mL saline 0.9% at day 0. Every 30 days, from day 0 until slaughter at day 90, the bulls were weighed and underwent testicular biometry, semen collection and analysis, and blood sample collection for testosterone measurement. Immediately after slaughter, the testicles were removed and transport at 15°C to the laboratory for histopathological analysis. There was a decrease in testicular height (P=0.0476), width (P=0.0021), and in scrotal circumference (P=0.0001), after either a single (G1) or two (G2) immunizations against GnRH. Both G1 and G2 had lower testosterone concentrations than CG from day 60 on (P<0.01), but in G2, it was also lower than in G1 at day 90 (P=0.0006). All sperm parameters were affected by active immunization against GnRH (P<0.05), and in G2, averages were lesser (P<0.05) than in G1 from day 60 on. No signs of seminiferous tubule degeneration were found in any sample from the CG, contrasting with 75.0% and 100.0% of the samples from G1 and G2, respectively. In summary, immunocastration affected testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls in a time- and dose-dependent way.

Nickel(II)- and Silver(I)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Halogenation of Anilides and Carbamates

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Kianmehr ◽  
Hadi Afaridoun
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Silver Catalyst ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Available N ◽  
New Approach

Abstract ortho-C–H bond halogenation of anilides and N-aryl carbamates using easily available N-halosuccinimides (NXS) as the active halogenation reagent in the presence of nickel or silver catalyst has been developed. This method provides a new approach to 2-haloanilides and carbamates, which may serve as starting materials for the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals Chemical compositions, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxicity of Asia minor wormwood (Artemisia splendens Willd.) growing in Iran

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Heshmati Afshar ◽  
Masumeh Zadehkamand ◽  
Zahra Rezaei ◽  
Abbas Delazar ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background Artemisia splendens from the Asteraceae family is a new source of biologically active compounds. The current study investigated to evaluate antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity of methanolic extracts and their fractions obtained from aerial parts by agar disk diffusion and MTT methods, respectively. The active fractions were subjected to preparative HPLC for isolating the pure compounds, which were structurally elucidated, by 1H and 13C NMR. Results The results showed that the methanolic extract and its 60% SPE fraction have the anti-proliferative activity on A549 cell line in comparison with the control group. Meanwhile, the methanolic extract and its 40% SPE fraction can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive strains as anti-microbial activity. The 60% SPE fraction also illustrated anti-proliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line compared to the control group. Chromatographic separations via preparative HPLC yielded 5 flavonoids and three flavonoid glycosides. Conclusion Based on the results it can be concluded that A. splendens as a potential source of cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds can be used in pharmaceutics.

A review of drug-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat and some comparisons with man

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Prentice ◽  
AW Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Func Tion

This paper describes control of normal Leydig cell func tion and testosterone production. The macroscopic and histopathological appearances of spontaneous Leydig cell hyperplasias and tumors (LCT) in the rat are reviewed together with their incidence and hormonal status. Drugs which induce LCTs in chronic studies are discussed and include busereline, carbamazepine, cimetidine, finas teride, flutamide, gemfibrozil, histrelin, hydralazine, indomethacin, isradipine, lactitol, leuprolide, metronida zole, mesulergine, nafarelin, norprolac and vidarabine. The known mechanisms of LCT induction in the rat are reviewed together with other possible etiological factors. The incidence, clinical picture and etiological factors of LCTs in man are also surveyed. Hormone production in Leydig cells and LCTs in rats and man are compared. Differences between the two species are considered, par ticularly with regard to Leydig cell control mechanisms. The paper concludes that drug-induced LCTs in rats are most probably not predictive for man and their occurrence has little relevance in human safety assessment.

MULTIPLE ANTIGEN IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS, DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, AND TETANUS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-736
Author(s):  
Clarence D. Barrett ◽  
I. William McLean ◽  
Joseph G. Molner ◽  
Eugene A. Timm ◽  
Charles F. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tetanus Antitoxin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Antigen ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Pertussis Antigen

This study was designed to determine the earliest age in infancy at which immunization against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis can be started using a multiple antigen containing component antigens against all four diseases. Subjects ranged in age from 1 day old through 6 months old at time of initial injection. All were given a series of four injections of 0.5 ml of DPT-polio antigen 4 weeks apart followed by a fifth dose (0.5 ml) of the same material 6 months later. A control group received 0.5 ml of a DPT antigen at monthly intervals for their first four doses, but were given a DPT-polio injection (0.5 ml) for their fifth dose. Although it is evident that there is a progressive response in relation to age of the infant at time of initial inoculation, in respect to poliomyelitis and pertussis immunization, it was apparent that the capacity of the 3-month-old infant to respond to active immunization closely approximates that of the 6-month-old. Ninety per cent showed definite evidence of an immune response to all three poliovirus types despite extremely high levels of preprimary maternal antibody in the majority of 3-month-old infants under study. Pertussis antibody response, as measured by agglutinin titers, was as good in the 3-month-old as in the 6-month-old infants. The response in the 2-month-old infants was relatively poor at the postprimary stage but was equivalent to that of the older infants at the postbooster interval. There was no indication that response to pertussis immunization was impaired by the inclusion of pertussis antigen in the quadrivalent antigen under study. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin titers were excellent regardless of age at initial inoculation. The results indicate that four doses of DPT-polio combined antigen given at monthly intervals will overcome the interference of high levels of maternal antibody in respect to poliomyelitis immunization and that the primary series of injections may be started as early as the third month of life. It is important, however, that this primary series of inoculations be followed by a booster dose of the same antigen preparation in about 6 months in order to reinforce the basic immunity.

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