scholarly journals Effect of a single or two doses of an anti-GnRH vaccine on testicle morpho-functional characteristics in Nelore bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel M. Doroteu ◽  
Joao H. M. Viana ◽  
Jair A. Ferreira Junior ◽  
Juliana T. A. Macedo ◽  
Rodrigo A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Boost Dose ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls undergoing a single or two immunizations against GnRH. Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) bulls were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: G1 (n=12), a single 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0; G2 (n=11), a first 400 μg dose of anti-GnRH vaccine on day 0 followed by a second (boost) dose 30 days later; and control group (CG, n=12), 1 mL saline 0.9% at day 0. Every 30 days, from day 0 until slaughter at day 90, the bulls were weighed and underwent testicular biometry, semen collection and analysis, and blood sample collection for testosterone measurement. Immediately after slaughter, the testicles were removed and transport at 15°C to the laboratory for histopathological analysis. There was a decrease in testicular height (P=0.0476), width (P=0.0021), and in scrotal circumference (P=0.0001), after either a single (G1) or two (G2) immunizations against GnRH. Both G1 and G2 had lower testosterone concentrations than CG from day 60 on (P<0.01), but in G2, it was also lower than in G1 at day 90 (P=0.0006). All sperm parameters were affected by active immunization against GnRH (P<0.05), and in G2, averages were lesser (P<0.05) than in G1 from day 60 on. No signs of seminiferous tubule degeneration were found in any sample from the CG, contrasting with 75.0% and 100.0% of the samples from G1 and G2, respectively. In summary, immunocastration affected testicle morpho-functional characteristics in bulls in a time- and dose-dependent way.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of puberty induction of nulliparian Nellore heifers using intravaginal device and melengestrol acetate

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pereira ◽  
Renan De Souza Ferreira ◽  
Rony Fujii Gonçalves ◽  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Itavo ◽  
Endyara Signor Kohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The present study evaluates the economic viability of puberty induction in nulliparous Bos taurus indicus Nellore breed heifers using an intravaginal device of fourth-use and melengestrol acetate (MGA®). The experiment was undertaken in the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Farm, Terenos city, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and was utilized a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. Two age classes were included in the study, which were divided into 348 precocious (early-cycle) heifers, aging 16-18 months, weighting an average of 264.6 kg and 543 conventional-cycle heifers aging 24-26 months averaging 346.8 kg. The three treatments were as follows: control without the induction of follicle formation (treatment 1); treatment 2: induction with an intravaginal implant (intravaginal implantation with a fourth-use progesterone implant on Day 0, withdrawal on Day 12, and application of 1 ml of intramuscular estradiol cypionate [ECP®]); and treatment 3, 2.3 g of MGA® during 12 days with supplement followed by 1 ml of intramuscular ECP® at the end of the treatment. Heifers induced via implantation had a higher rate of ovarian activity (presence of corpus luteum) during the early cycle (63.8% animals) while the conventional cycle (72.4%). This effect influenced the frequency of early stage anestrus (56%). Among the treatments evaluated, 72% of control heifers had no ovarian activity (absence of corpus luteum). In the group with implant induction the conception rates were 65.5% and 62.4% in early and conventional-cycle females, respectively. Puberty induction in Nellore heifers provides a high economic return. The protocol revealed highest efficiency compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Intrasplenic Transplantation of Bioencapsulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Recovery Rates of 90% Partial Hepatectomized Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zun Chang Liu ◽  
Thomas Ming Swi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hepatocyte Proliferation ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Sham Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intrasplenic Transplantation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow can secrete cytokines and growth factors and can transdifferentiate into liver cells. We transplanted polymeric membrane bioencapsulated MSCs into the spleens of 90% partial hepatectomized rats. This resulted in 91.6% recovery rates. This is compared to a recovery rate of 21.4% in the 90% hepatectomized rats and 25% in the 90% hepatectomized rats receiving intrasplenic transplantation of free MSCs. After 14 days, the remnant livers in the bioencapsulated MSCs group are not significantly different in weight when compared to the sham control group. From day 1 to day 3 after surgery, in the bioencapsulated MSCs group, the plasma HGF and IL-6 were significantly higher than those in the free MSCs group and control group (P<0.01); plasma TNF-αwas significantly lower (P<0.001). We concluded that the intrasplenic transplantation of bioencapsulated MSCs significantly increases the recovery rates of 90% hepatectomized rats. It is likely that the initial effect is from proliver regeneration factors followed later by the transdifferentiated hepatocyte-like cells. However, histopathological analysis and hepatocyte proliferation study will be needed to better understand the regenerative mechanisms of this result. This study has implications in improving the survival and recovery of patients with very severe liver failure due to hepatitis, trauma, or extensive surgical resection.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSELING PADA PENGETAHUAN DAN ASUPAN IBU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEBAYORAN BARU JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Iskari Ngadiarti ◽  
Moesijanti Yudiarti Endang Soekatri ◽  
Mia Srimiati ◽  
Adhila Fayasari ◽  
Lina Agestika
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

Providing counseling is one of the factors that increase the knowledge and actions of mothers in meeting adequate nutritional consumption. This study aimed to identify the lactation and nutrition counseling towards mother's knowledge and intake in Puskesmas Kebayoran Lama Jakarta. This research was a quasi-experimental study pre-post with a control group design. Sample collection technique used consecutive sampling with 30 respondents in each group (intervention group and control group). Counseling was given 3 times, after giving birth, a child at age 7-14 days and age 35 days. Knowledge and food intake were collected before and after the intervention. The bivariate analysis used an independent t-test and paired t-test with a significance level of p0.05. There was a significant difference in mother's knowledge about breastfeeding between the intervention group and control group after they were given lactation counseling (p0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the mother's nutrient intake between the intervention and control group after counseled (p0.05). Lactation counseling can positively affect the mother's knowledge about breastfeeding, but not for the mother's action in consuming enough nutrient intake. ABSTRAKPemberian konseling menjadi salah satu faktor yang meningkatkan pengetahuan dan tindakan ibu dalam memenuhi konsumsi gizi yang adekuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konseling menyusui dan konsumsi gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan asupan ibu di Puskesmas Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu dengan desain pre-post dengan control group. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden pada masing-masing kelompok (kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol). Konseling diberikan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu pada saat setelah melahirkan, bayi berusia 7-14 hari dan 35 hari. Data pengetahuan dan asupan diambil sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan independent t-test dan paired t-test. Ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada pengetahuan ibu menyusui antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol setelah diberikan penyuluhan laktasi (p 0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada asupan gizi ibu antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol setelah konseling (p0,05). Konseling laktasi berpengaruh positif terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang menyusui, tetapi tidak untuk perilaku ibu dalam asupan gizinya.Kata kunci: konseling, laktasi, menyusui

109 Effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol on the invitro embryo production of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers and pregnancy rate of the embryo transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
R. Tosta ◽  
R. Sala ◽  
D. Pereira ◽  
D. Kendall ◽  
F. Elliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Embryo Production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol (PG) on the invitro embryo production (IVEP) of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers (7 to 8 months). For this study, 16 prepubertal heifers were distributed into two groups: Propylene Glycol Group (PGG; n=8) and Control Group (CG; n=7). Additionally, 8 pubertal heifers were used for the positive control group (PUB). All animals (n=23) underwent an ovum pickup (OPU) for follicular ablation on Day 0, followed by an FSH protocol treatment (160mg performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses, designated as D2PM, D3AM, D3PM, and D4AM). Animals from PGG received a ruminal infusion with 250mL of PG twice a day on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, using a drench. Animals from CG and PUB did not receive any additional treatment. On Day 5 all animals underwent another OPU, and oocytes were used for the IVEP (Sexing Technologies commercial laboratory). The produced embryos were transferred fresh to Holstein heifer recipients. Additionally, blood sampling was performed on D4PM (M1) and on the day of OPU (D5AM, M2) for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, via radioimmunoassay) and glucose (hexokinase) analysis. Data were analysed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. No difference was observed between groups for number of recovered oocytes (CG: 14.28±1.9; PGG: 14.87±3.9; PUB: 10.50±2.2; P=0.24), number of viable oocytes (CG: 10.71±2.5; PGG: 10.75±2.7; PUB: 9.50±2.0; P=0.80), cleaved oocytes (CG: 7.71±1.5; PGG: 9.50±2.1; PUB: 6.25±1.4; P=0.14), cleavage rate (CG: 54.2% (7.7 out of 14.2); PGG: 64.1% (9.5 of 14.8); PUB: 59.0% (6.2 of 10.5); P=0.35) and number of blastocysts (CG: 1.71±0.5; PGG: 2.00±0.6; PUB: 3.12±1.0; P=0.71). Pubertal heifers had higher blastocyst rates compared with prepubertal heifers, regardless of PG treatment (CG: 11.9% (1.7 of 14.2); PGG: 13.5% (2 of 14.8); PUB: 29.5% (3.1 of 10.5); P=0.01). No difference was observed between groups for 30-day (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 46.7% (7 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.96) or 60-day pregnancy rates (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 33.3% (5 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.86). In addition, no difference was observed for pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 days (CG: 0.0% (0 of 12); PGG: 13.3% (2 of 15); PUB: 0.0% (0 of 14); P=0.99). Regarding metabolic blood analysis, no difference was observed for IGF-1 (ngmL−1) between groups (P=0.38), moment of sample collection (P=0.06), and interaction of group×moment (P=0.87; CG/M1: 263.36±15.2; CG/M2: 297.71±18.7; PGG/M1: 304.25±26.9; PGG/M2: 332.61±31.6; PUB/M1: 309.16±19.9; PUB/M2: 311.07±18.8). Glucose (mg dL−1) was higher (P=0.0001) for pubertal heifers (91.63±1.4) compared with the other groups (CG: 102.25±1.1; PGG: 107.71±3.5); however, no difference was observed for moment of sample collection (P=0.35) or interaction of group×moment (P=0.36). These data show that treatment with PG was not efficient to improve the IVEP of prepubertal Holstein heifers, embryos from prepubertal heifers treated with PG did not have increased pregnancy rate, and treatment did not increase IGF-1 or glucose blood levels.

scholarly journals Analysis of Systemic and Cutaneous Inflammatory Immune Response in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cunha Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Furtado Lima-Verde ◽  
José Alexandre Da Silva Júnior ◽  
Társsila Mara Vieira Ferreira ◽  
Daniel de Araújo Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
And Control

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease present in veterinary dermatological practice. The inflammation in CAD is triggered by environmental allergens and skin microorganisms, which are responsible for the worsening of cutaneous lesions. This continuous activation of skin inflammatory process can induce the production of free radicals that also contribute to cellular damage and ultimately leads to changes in blood parameters in dogs with CAD. Although there are reports of inflammatory parameters in CAD, there are a lack of studies correlating skin lesions, blood leukocytes and oxidative stress. Based on that,this study aimed to evaluate the integumentary and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs with confirmed diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (n = 10) were divided in two groups according to CADESI-IV: AI, with CADESI between 0-10, AII, with CADESI between 10-34, and control group (n = 5). Blood-biochemical and histological analysis were performed to access systemic and cutaneous inflammatory response. AII group tended to higher neutrophil and eosinophil counts, as well as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when compared to AI. The albumin was lower in AII compared to AI and control (P < 0.05), while total bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) did not differ between groups. NLR (r = 0.64 and P = 0.04) and MDA (r = 0.54 and P = 0.1) were positively correlated with CADESI, while albumin was negatively correlated with CADESI (r = -0.79 and P = 0.005). Histopathological analysis revealed a larger number of neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells in AI and AII than in control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: In this study it was possible to evaluate the systemic and cutaneous leukocyte dynamics in CAD. Skin inflammation induces the production of chemotactic molecules contribute to neutrophil outflow from blood vessel toward the affected tissue, which can be visualized as perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and exocytosis. At systemic level, there was a tendency to increase in total leukocytes and circulating neutrophil count in group AII, as well as in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when compared to AI. The NLR is a widely available and inexpensive laboratory biomarker that quantifies systemic inflammation, being used in human medicine to evaluate prognosis in different types of cancer. In our study, dogs in AII group showed an increased NLR compared to AI and control, which demonstrates the influence of skin injury in systemic parameters. Furthermore, AII group is composed of dogs with greater lesion state, which reflects in higher NLR values. Since this disease is known by its chronicity and may remain stable for years, NLR may be a novel biomarker to evaluate acute exacerbation in CAD and could potentially explain why some patients have longer crisis duration and frequent flares. The maintenance of the inflammatory state also induces the production of oxidizing substances, which possibly exceed the total antioxidant capacity, generating a situation of oxidative stress, which can result in damage to membrane lipids and release of their products. MDA is reliable and is the most commonly used marker of the overall lipid peroxidation level and the presence of oxidative stress. This result may be related with the antioxidant system, such as albumin and bilirubin, which was able to promote an efficient control of oxidant substances. In conclusion, the presented data demonstrated an inflammatory process progression as well as introduced NLR as a potential marker of disease exacerbation in CAD.

152 Correlation between testicular and accessory sex glands biometric characteristics in Nellore and Caracu bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
N. N. Rodrigues ◽  
D. P. Vrisman ◽  
G. F. Rossi ◽  
A. P. Freitas ◽  
M. F. Zorzetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between testicular and accessory sex gland measurements in Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) bulls. Bulls (n=282, including 203 Nellore from 12 to 61 months and 79 Caracu from 12 to 48 months) had their reproductive organs measured. Scrotal circumference was measured with a tape. Length (dorso-ventral) and diameter (mid-lateral) of testes were measured using a graduated ruler. Testicular volume (V) was calculated by the cylinder formula: V=2[(R2)×π×L], where R=radius (diameter/2), L=testicular length and π=3.14 (Fields et al. 1979 J. Anim. Sci. 48, 1299-1304). B-mode ultrasonographic examinations with a 7.5-MHz transrectal linear-array transducer were performed to obtain the mean of 3 vertical dimensions of the vesicular glands, disseminated prostate, ampulla of vas deferens, and lumen of ampulla, and cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral dimensions of the prostate body and bulbourethral glands. For paired organs, the mean was calculated and used in analyses. Biometry data of testes and accessory sex glands were analysed by the PROC CORR (Pearson correlation) of the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; P&lt;0.05). Testicular measurements (scrotal circumference, diameter and length) were positively correlated with each other (r=0.69 to 0.92). Similarly, biometrics of the accessory sex glands had positive correlations with testes. The vesicular glands had correlations of r=0.62, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.59 with testes length, diameter, and volume and scrotal circumference, respectively. Correlations testicular biometry characteristics and ampulla of vas deferens ranged from 0.52 to 0.68, whereas those between testicular characteristics and lumen of ampulla were much lower (r=0.28 to 0.37), perhaps due to bulls riding penmates and ejaculating before the ultrasonographic examination. The dorso-ventral measure of the prostate body had positive correlations with size of testes (r=0.13 to 0.28), whereas cranio-caudal measurement of this gland was not correlated with size of testes. Finally, there were positive correlations between testes and disseminated prostate (0.28 to 0.36), and testes and bulbourethral glands, both in the dorso-ventral and cranio-caudal dimensions (0.17 to 0.42). In conclusion, testicular biometry in bulls was correlated with measurements of accessory sex glands, perhaps due to testosterone synthesis, which is essential for accessory sex gland development.

scholarly journals Caecal-inoculation of entamoeba histolytica in the immunodepressed swiss albino mice treated with Cyclophosphamide

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Rifat Faruqui ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Rashidul Haq ◽  
ASM Hamidur Rahman ◽  
Nasirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Intestinal Amoebiasis ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control

A total of 72 mice were used for an experimental model of intestinal amoebiasis developed in the Swiss albino mice dividing into three groups, experimental immunocompetent mice group (Group-A), experimental immunodepressed mice group (Group-B) and control group (Group-C). The inoculum (106 cells of Entamoeba histolytica/0.2 ml of medium) was used to inoculate into the caecum of the experimental groups of mice in the ICDDR,B laboratory, Dhaka. The mice were sacrificed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30th days after inoculation for observation of caecal lesions and gross pathologic changes and histopathological analysis. The animals in the experimental two groups and control did not develop any caecal amoebiasis. The culture results of the stool of the mice which were inoculated with the inoculum of E. histolytica were found to be positive on the first 10 days after post caecal inoculation. After 10 days, the culture results were negative and the antiamoebic antibody levels of all animals were also found negative. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i2.21341 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 2, 167-175, 2014

scholarly journals Inefficacy of albendazole sulphoxide and ivermectin for the treatment of bovine parasitic otitis caused by rhabditiform nematodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 910-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme G. Verocai ◽  
Julio I. Fernandes ◽  
Thaís R. Correia ◽  
Raquel M.P.S. Melo ◽  
Pedro Afonso M. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Bos Taurus Indicus ◽  
Ear Canals ◽  
Treatment Control Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered albendazole sulphoxide and pour-on ivermectin for the treatment of bovine parasitic otitis caused by rhabditiform nematodes. Eighteen Gyr cows presenting clinical otitis were divided in three groups with six animals each. The first one did not receive any treatment (control group). The second one was treated with 0.5% pour-on ivermectin, 500µg/kg of body weight, and the third group was treated with oral 6% albendazole sulphoxide, at 6.0mg/kg. Both ear canals of each animal were reexamined on days 7 and 21 post treatment. The animals in the control group remained infected throughout the days of observation. Ivermectin treatment did not show effectiveness on days 7 or 21 post treatment. The albendazole sulphoxide treatment had an efficacy of 16.7 and 25% on days 7 and 21, respectively. Further studies are required to assess an effective treatment for this parasitic disease, especially via alternative administration routes, because of its significant impact on Bos taurus indicus cattle breeding in Tropical and Subtropical Regions.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konseling laktasi terhadap pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keberhasilan ibu dalam pemberian ASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Anita Liliana ◽  
Elsi Dwi Hapsari ◽  
Wenny Artanti Nisman
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The effect of lactation counseling towards mother’s knowledge, ability and success rate in breastfeedingPurposeThis study aimed to identify the effect of lactation counseling towards mother’s knowledge, ability, and success in breastfeeding in Panembahan Senopati General Hospital, Bantul.MethodsThis research was a quasi-experimental study with a post test-only non-equivalent control group design. Sample collection technique used consecutive sampling with 32 respondents as total samples in each group (intervention group and control group). ResultsBivariate analysis used chi square tests with significance level p<0.05.  The intervention group was given lactation counseling (p = 0.000 [<0.05]). There was a significant difference in mother’s ability to breastfeed between the intervention group and control group after they were given lactation counseling (p=0.012 [<0.05]; RR=1.917). There was also a significant difference in the success rate of breastfeeding between the intervention and control group after counseling (p= 0.006 [<0.05]; RR=2.500).ConclusionLactation counseling can positively affect the mother’s knowledge, ability, and success rate in breastfeeding.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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