ADRENALINE IN THE HUMAN PANCREAS

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
B. Neubauer
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

ABSTRACT The present study describes the results of examinations of the noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations in the human pancreas as well as in a number of other organs. Tissue specimens were obtained at postmortem examination. Adrenaline was present in small amounts in the cardiovascular system, the liver and the spleen in comparison with the noradrenaline concentration. The pancreas, especially the body of the pancreas, contained, however, considerable amounts of adrenaline. The average adrenaline concentration was approximately 20 times higher in the pancreas than in the other organs examined. The greatest concentration of adrenaline was found in the posterior and superior parts of the body of the pancreas. There was no relationship between the cause of death in the human subjects and the adrenaline concentration in the pancreas and large amounts of adrenaline were also found in tissue specimens of pancreas obtained from long-term diabetic patients. Adrenaline was present in the pancreas of the rat, dog and rabbit but in small amounts in comparison with the noradrenaline concentration.

Locomotory Diseases Influence on Body Equilibrium and Balance

2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbu Cristian Braun ◽  
Ileana Constanta Rosca
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
First Person ◽  
Mass Center ◽  
Stability Problems ◽  
Research Stage

The paper describes a new method of body equilibrium evaluation applied for different human subjects, the principal aim being to demonstrate to what extent any locomotory diseases could influence the body stability and equilibrium. The research refers to identify some persons with different locomotory diseases and to find both the influence on equilibrium and stability and if possible to improve them. Our research stage, synthesized in this paper, explains the body equilibrium evaluation in orthostatic posture done for different subjects, aged between 20 and 40 years. A number of 10 relevant persons were considered to be evaluated, 2 of them having some locomotory diseases. The first person presents any neuro-motor stability problems in case of long standing case. The other person has both Achilles tendons torn and operated. All subjects were tested in orthostatic posture, in 3 distinct positions, using a Kistler force plate. The experiments referred to the body mass center (COM) displacement in sagittal and lateral planes, representing an interesting characteristic for its equilibrium. It was shown that the person with diseases affecting stability presented a loss of equilibrium when standing for 10-20 seconds, i.e. higher COM displacements in both planes reported to the other tested subjects.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of osteopenia and frailty in aging mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane C. Scheuren ◽  
Gisela A. Kuhn ◽  
Ralph Müller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct

AbstractIn vivo micro-CT has already been used to monitor microstructural changes of bone in mice of different ages and in models of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis. However, as aging is accompanied by frailty and subsequent increased sensitivity to external stimuli such as handling and anesthesia, the extent to which longitudinal imaging can be applied in aging studies remains unclear. Consequently, the potential of monitoring individual mice during the entire aging process – from healthy to frail status – has not yet been exploited. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term in vivo micro-CT imaging - consisting of 11 imaging sessions over 20 weeks - on hallmarks of aging both on a local (i.e., static and dynamic bone morphometry) and systemic (i.e., frailty index (FI) and body weight) level at various stages of the aging process. Furthermore, using a premature aging model (PolgA(D257A/D257A)), we assessed whether these effects differ between genotypes.The 6th caudal vertebrae of 4 groups of mice (PolgA(D257A/D257A) and PolgA(+/+)) were monitored by in vivo micro-CT every 2 weeks. One group was subjected to 11 scans between weeks 20 and 40 of age, whereas the other groups were subjected to 5 scans between weeks 26-34, 32-40 and 40-46, respectively. The long-term monitoring approach showed small but significant changes in the static bone morphometric parameters compared to the other groups. However, no interaction effect between groups and genotype was found, suggesting that PolgA mutation does not render bone more or less susceptible to long-term micro-CT imaging. The differences between groups observed in the static morphometric parameters were less pronounced in the dynamic morphometric parameters. Moreover, the body weight and FI were not affected by more frequent imaging sessions. Finally, we observed that longitudinal designs including baseline measurements at young adult age are more powerful at detecting effects of in vivo micro-CT imaging on hallmarks of aging than cross-sectional comparisons between multiple groups of aged mice subjected to fewer imaging sessions.

Hyperglycation of extra and intracellular proteins; marker or active element of diabetic pathomechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szutowicz
Keyword(s):  
Active Element ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Result ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

States of chronic hyperglycaemia, irrespective of the diabetes type result in excessive non enzymatic glycation of several proteins in extra and intracellular compartments of the body. Hyperglycation of hemoglobin is employed for assessment of long term control of glycaemia in diabetic patients. However, hyperglycaemia may change biological properties of several proteins thereby contributing to miss function and structural impairments of several organs in the course of diabetes.

scholarly journals Long term effects of formaldehyde preservation on subsequent bone maceration procedures: a comparative study between cold and hot water maceration

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008
Author(s):  
Ayodeji S.O. Odukoya ◽  
Oluwaseun Ajani ◽  
Taiye S. Adelodun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Small Bones

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cold and hot water maceration techniques for the development of bone specimens from cadavers. Three already dissected bodies of both sexes (two males and a female) obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria were used. The male bodies were labelled as A and B and the female as C. Before maceration, the heights of the bodies were taken to be 165 cm, 170 cm and 160 cm for A, B and C respectively. The bodies were preserved in formalin for 4 years before being used. Hot water maceration involves cooking bones in water. Bodies A and C were used in this method. While cold water maceration is simply by soaking the body in water until all the remaining flesh was removed. Hot water maceration showed changes in color of the bones, shrinkage of the bones, oily substances were seen on the surface of the chloroform during degreasing and the bones were very soft after bleaching but got harder after drying with sunlight. Cold water maceration on the other hand kept the bones white and maintained their integrity though it required a lot of time. Small bones had their flesh removed quickly in few weeks, while larger and longer bones took months. We conclude that cold water maceration done properly, results in cleaner bones and better morphological outcomes than hot water method though it requires much time.KEYWORDS: Maceration, Formaldehyde, Comparative, Bones, Hot water, Cold water

Effect of length of the period of supplementation with concentrates on pasture intake and performance of grazing dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Marginal Returns

Summary. The hypothesis tested in the experiment reported here was that levels of substitution would be lower and marginal responses to supplementation higher in grazing dairy cows that were subjected to long, compared with short, treatment periods. Forty cows were fed irrigated perennial pasture which contained ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) and weeds at a herbage allowance of about 40 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day. Of the 40 cows, 20 were under continuous treatment for 6 months (2 October 1995 to 24 March 1996, inclusive) (long term), while treatments were applied to the remaining 20 cows every second month (short term). The second group of cows, therefore, commenced 4 weeks of treatment on 3 occasions, 31 October, 1 January and 26 February. The cows in the short-term treatments were re-randomised for each of their 3 periods in the experiment. There were 2 long-term treatments, one where pasture was fed alone and the other where the same amount of pasture was supplemented with 5 kg DM/cow.day of a 75% barley –25% wheat grain pellet. There were 2 replicates of each treatment and 5 cows per group. The second set of 20 cows was allocated to the same treatments on a short-term basis. When not under treatment, all cows in this second group were offered about 40 kg DM of pasture/cow.day plus 5 kg DM of barley–wheat. Cows ate less pasture when concentrates were fed although total DM intake increased (P<0.05). The level of substitution averaged 0.4 kg DM reduction in pasture intake for each kg DM of concentrates consumed, and this was not affected (P>0.05) by the length of time for which the cows were supplemented. Milk yield declined from November to March and concentrates increased production, but the interaction between period of the year and use of supplements was not significant (P>0.05). However, the milk responses associated with length of time under supplementation appeared to be different in March relative to the other periods. Although the marginal returns to concentrates in March were 0.9 and 1.3 kg milk/kg DM for short- and long-term supplementation, the marginal returns to feeding concentrates for short or long periods during November and January were the same (0.9 kg/kg DM). However, in terms of total DM intake, the average marginal response was lower (1.4 v. 1.9 kg milk/kg of additional total DM) for the short-term treatments. The trends in body condition for the long-term treatments through the experiment indicated that divergence between unsupplemented and supplemented cows occurred consistently throughout, resulting in 0.8 units difference in body condition score after the 6 months of treatment. It is suggested that it was the differences in body condition that were responsible for the variation in milk response towards the end of the experiment. It was concluded that, while the length of time under supplementation had no effect on intake variables or substitution, marginal responses to the long term use of concentrates eventually diverged from those obtained from their use for short periods, principally due to changes in the body condition of animals in the long-term treatments.

Nurturing and Pampering Paradigm for Office Ergonomics

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra D Paul
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Mood States ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
And Performance

This paper proposes that current ergonomic practices for design of sedentary jobs, focusing on comfort and support, are inadequate to create healthy and productive workplaces. In fact, they may be counter-productive over the long term. The key results from several research investigations supporting this proposition are: 1) Comfortable workstations adjusted to the user, along with training and education, were inadequate to relieve potentially harmful spinal stress and circulatory impedance caused by sedentary jobs (Paul, 1995; Paul and Helander, 1995). 2) Sedentary jobs induced cognitive mood states like drowsiness and lack of alertness that degrade cognitive function and performance (Paul, 1995b). 3) Activity and movement, for example, between sitting and standing, significantly reduced spinal stress and improved blood circulation (Paul, 1995a; Paul and Helander, 1996a). They also improved mood states linked with superior mental performance (Paul, 1995b; Paul, Morrow and Helander, 1996) 4) Excessively comfortable sedentary work settings induce mood states that could be detrimental to cognitive performance (Paul, Morrow and Helander, 1996). 5) Comfort and discomfort are not two ends of an evaluative spectrum, but rather two orthogonal constructs with two sets of casual factors (Zhang and Helander, 1992). These results collectively provided foundation for the nurturing and pampering paradigm. In this paradigm, nurturing is the strategy to reduce discomfort and pampering is the strategy to apply comfort. Nurturing promotes active, dynamic use of the body during workday to maintain health and prevent injuries. It is discussed using phrases like ‘the best posture is the next posture’ or ‘use it or lose it.’ Pampering with aesthetic and plush environments that induce comfortable perceptions, on the other hand, is a motivational tool with an inverted-U relationship to performance. Utility of this paradigm to create healthy and productive work settings and reduce occupational injuries is supported with several studies from diverse fields. Finally, its implications for workplace design and limitations are discussed.

Evaluation of three minicolumn procedures for measuring hemoglobin A1.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1775-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Hammons ◽  
K Junger ◽  
J M McDonald ◽  
J H Ladenson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hemoglobin A1 ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Column Chromatographic

Abstract We have evaluated three commercially available column-chromatographic methods (Isolab, Helena, and Bio-Rad) for the determination of "fast" hemoglobin (HbA1). All three methods correlated with HbA1c measurements by "high-performance" liquid chromatography for 121 samples from diabetic patients, with the Isolab method showing the highest correlation (r = 0.921). The Isolab and Helena methods gave results that were linear with proportions of HbA1 as great as 30%; results by the Bio-Rad method were slightly nonlinear at values greater than 15%. The Isolab method showed better within- and between-assay precision (CV) than the other two methods and was considered the simplest to perform by each of four different technologists. We recommend use of the Isolab method over the other two tested and believe that this procedure will be valuable for monitoring long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Regulation of cAMP in a lymphocyte preparation isolated from peripheral venous blood in human subjects: the significance of residual thrombocytes, noradrenaline and prostaglandins

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne B. SØNDERGAARD ◽  
Jens H. KNUDSEN ◽  
Niels J. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1.The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism of the previously reported close correlation observed between noradrenaline and cAMP in a lymphocyte preparation (LP) isolated from peripheral venous blood in healthy subjects. A close correlation was also obtained in the present study between lymphocyte noradrenaline and adrenaline and cAMP both in the basal state and after stimulation with isoproterenol (P< 0.05 to 0.007). 2.Although 99% of the thrombocytes were removed from the LP during the washing procedure, LP contained approximately one thrombocyte per lymphocyte. The noradrenaline concentration in LP which could be ascribed to residual thrombocytes, calculated from the average noradrenaline concentration in thrombocytes and the number of thrombocytes in LP, correlated closely to noradrenaline in LP (P< 0.007). 3.To test the hypothesis that noradrenaline in LP was primarily derived from plasma, we studied three patients with phaeochromocytoma, who had high levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline both in plasma and in LP. 4.Further studies showed that the addition of thrombocytes to LP increased cAMP. The response was inhibited by indomethacin, whereas the addition of cimetidine and propranolol had no effect on basal or thrombocyte-stimulated cAMP. 5.We conclude that noradrenaline in LP is a marker of the number of residual thrombocytes. The addition of thrombocytes to LP increased cAMP in lymphocytes. This response was not mediated by catecholamines but possibly by prostaglandins.

scholarly journals Locomotor Illusions Can Arise from Perceiving Multisensory Stimuli Configuring into a Sensorimotor Body-Environment Structure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dobricki ◽  
David Weibel ◽  
Leonardo Angelini ◽  
Elena Mugellini ◽  
Fred Mast
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Tactile Stimuli

Walking through an environment involves perceiving one’s walking body and its environment relative to each other. The sensation of placing one foot in front of the other may therefore arise from sensory stimuli configuring into the structure of a body perambulating an environment. Sensory stimuli constituting such a locomotor structure may accordingly bear the potential to induce in seated individuals the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment. To date, this was not investigated. Here, we have therefore exposed sixteen seated human subjects in a life-sized virtual environment to visual and tactile stimuli that configured either into the structure of a body perambulating an environment or into a control structure. Our subjects experienced locomotor illusions exclusively when the visuo-tactile stimuli configured into the «body-perambulating-environment» structure. This suggests that the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment can arise in seated individuals from perceiving sensory stimuli configuring into such a sensorimotor body-environment structure.

scholarly journals The effect of mixed herb extract on selected stress parameters in broiler chickens of three genetic lines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skomorucha ◽  
Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Herb Extract

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of adding a mixture of anti-stress herbs to drinking water on stress hormone levels and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in the blood of intensively reared broiler chickens of three genetic lines. The experiment was performed with ‘Ross 308’, ‘Cobb 500’ and ‘Hubbard Flex’ broiler chickens, which were divided into three experimental groups. Birds were maintained on litter for 42 days at a stocking density less than 33 kg/m2. All the groups were provided with the same environmental and feeding conditions. In each group from 21 to 35 days of rearing, water drinkers were supplemented for 5 h/day (08:00–13:00 hours) with an alcoholic extract from mixed herbs (30% chamomile, 10% oregano, 10% yarrow, 10% knotgrass, 10% valerian, 20% inflorescence of large-leaved lime) at 2 ml/l water. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of rearing, blood was collected from 10 birds per group to determine corticosterone, noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H:L) was also calculated. On day 42 of the study, 500 broiler chickens were characterised by the lowest noradrenaline concentration and a lower H:L ratio compared to ‘Ross 308’ and ‘Hubbard Flex’ (p ≤ 0.05) and ‘Ross 308’ chickens (p ≤ 0.01), respectively. It was concluded from the study that the herb extract had the most favourable effect on relieving the body’s physiological response to stress, and thus on improving welfare in ‘Cobb 500’ compared to ‘Ross 308’ and ‘Hubbard Flex’ broilers. It can therefore be considered that active substances in herbs have varying effects on the body of broiler chickens of different origin.

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