Seasonal levels of serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and alkaline phosphatase in relation to antler cycles in white-tailed deer

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chin Chao ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Leonard J. Deftos
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Serum Pth

Abstract. Seasonal levels of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were studied in relation to antler growth cycles in 8 male (2.5–6 years old) white-tailed deer. Feed consumption was recorded weekly, whereas body weight was recorded biweekly. Antler length was measured from the pedicle to the tip after velvet growth was initiated. Serum samples were obtained biweekly while animals were tranquilized with xylazine hydrochloride. Serum Ca was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated during the summer. Serum P was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated only during early fall. There was an increase in serum PTH during velvet initiation in April–May, but not thereafter. CT increased during the rapid antler growth period. Serum PTH levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated (0.628 vs 0.884 ng/ml) during post-velvet shedding and decreased (0.602 vs 0.346 ng/ml, P < 0.05) during postantler casting. Serum AP activity was highest during rapid velvet antler growth. Feed intake was lowest in early winter, but a compensatory increase was found in late winter. Feed intake peaked in May, then gradually decreased. Body weight was maximum in November and minimum in March. It is concluded that increased PTH during velvet initiation is responsible for Ca absorption and/or mobilization. Increasing PTH levels are related to final mineralization of antlers post-velvet shedding. Higher levels of serum Ca in June–July inhibit continued increase in PTH. Increased CT during rapid antler growth may have prevented excessive bone resorption.

scholarly journals Influence of Feeding Rice DDGS and Mixture of Wheat Straw and Groundnut Straw on Growth, Feed Intake and Thyroid Hormone Profile of Growing Crossbred Heifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
S V Shah ◽  
D C Patel ◽  
P R Pandya ◽  
K N Wadhwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentrate Source

Abstract Present experiment was carried out at Livestock Research Station, CVSc & AH, AAU, Anand, Gujarat (India) on twenty-four HF×Kankrej heifers with average body weight of 116.13 ± 4.74 kg and an average age of 281.92 ± 13.26 days to study the effect of feeding rice DDGS and mixture of wheat straw and groundnut straw on growth, feed intake and thyroid hormone profile of growing crossbred heifers. Three different concentrates containing 0, 20 and 40% rice DDGS (RDDGS) were offered to T1, T2 and T3 group heifers, respectively. RDDGS was given in place of soyaDOC in concentrate. Under each concentrate type, half of the heifers were offered wheat straw (R1 group) and another half a mixture of wheat straw and groundnut straw (R2 group) as dry roughage. The protein requirement of heifers was fulfilled as per ICAR (2013). Body weight was recorded at start and then at fortnightly, feed intake was calculated from the records of daily feed consumption and thyroid hormone profile was done in serum samples collected at start and then at 28 days interval throughout the experiment. Prior permission was taken from institutional animal ethics committee (IAEC, Project: 313/LPM/2019). The recorded data during the experiment was statistically analyzed by RBD factorial design. When roughage source was ignored, body weight of T3 group heifers was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to T1 and T2 group heifers (182.32 ± 4.60 vs. 177.54 ± 4.63 & 178.99 ± 4.35).On avoiding concentrate source, body weight (kg) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in R2 group heifers as compared to R1 heifers (181.98 ± 3.79 vs. 177.25 ± 3.59 kg). ADG of T3 group heifers (779.9 ± 23.2 g/head/d) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than T2 and T1 group heifers (723.2 ± 22.4 vs. 703.9 ± 21.0), respectively. Ignoring concentrate source, ADG (g/head/d) of R2 group heifers was only numerically higher than that of (R1) heifers (751.1 ± 17.9 vs. 720.2 ± 18.6). Average DMI (kg/head/d) was found statistically similar between T1, T2 and T3 groups (4.70 ± 0.07, 4.65 ± 0.06 and 4.71 ± 0.06). The observed DMI (kg/100kg BW) in T1 group heifers that received 40% soyaDOC in concentrate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than T2 and T3 group heifers (2.66 ± 0.04 vs. 2.59 ± 0.03 & 2.58 ± 0.03). There was non-significant difference in DMI (kg/kg BW gain) of crossbred heifers fed different concentrate. Ignoring concentrate source, the observed average DMI (kg/head/d) and DMI (kg /100kg BW) in R1 and R2 was (4.57 ± 0.05 & 4.81 ± 0.05) and (2.57 ± 0.03 & 2.65 ± 0.03), respectively. DMI (kg/head/d) and DMI (kg /100kg BW) increased significantly (p < 0.05) when a mixture of wheat straw and groundnut straw was fed to crossbred heifers. There was non-significant difference in DMI (kg/kg BW gain) between R1 and R2 group heifers (7.33 ± 0.39 & 7.05 ± 0.22). The average serum triiodothyronine (2.69 + 0.15, 2.81 + 0.16 & 2.94 + 0.13 ng/mL) and thyroxine hormone level (52.20 ± 2.47, 57.86 ± 4.09 & 52.30 ± 2.70) of T1, T2 and T3 group heifers remained statistically similar. When the concentrate source was ignored, serum triiodothyronine was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in R2 group heifers (2.60 ± 0.10 vs. 3.02 ± 0.13 ng/mL). The serum thyroxine concentration remained statistically similar on feeding different roughage (54.30 ± 2.16 & 53.94 ± 2.97 ng/mL). The results of the study indicate that RDDGS can replace soyaDOC fully in concentrate as a protein source and feeding mixture of groundnut straw and wheat straw is beneficial in terms of growth and do not affect normal body metabolism.

scholarly journals Low serum parathyroid hormone is a risk factor for peritonitis episodes in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Jingjing Da ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yan Zha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Serum Pth

Abstract Background Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported to be associated with infectious mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritonitis is the most common and fatal infectious complication, resulting in technique failure, hospital admission and mortality. Whether PTH is associated with peritonitis episodes remains unclear. Methods We examined the association of PTH levels and peritonitis incidence in a 7-year cohort of 270 incident PD patients who were maintained on dialysis between January 2012 and December 2018 using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Patients were categorized into three groups by serum PTH levels as follows: low-PTH group, PTH < 150 pg/mL; middle-PTH group, PTH 150-300 pg/mL; high-PTH group, PTH > 300 pg/mL. Results During a median follow-up of 29.5 (interquartile range 16–49) months, the incidence rate of peritonitis was 0.10 episodes per patient-year. Gram-positive organisms were the most common causative microorganisms (36.2%), and higher percentage of Gram-negative organisms was noted in patients with low PTH levels. Low PTH levels were associated with older age, higher eGFR, higher hemoglobin, calcium levels and lower phosphate, alkaline phosphatase levels. After multivariate adjustment, lower PTH levels were identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes [hazard ratio 1.643, 95% confidence interval 1.014–2.663, P = 0.044]. Conclusions Low PTH levels are independently associated with peritonitis in incident PD patients.

scholarly journals Geo-Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seeds in Nutrition of Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Annongu ◽  
O. R. Karim ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
R. M. O. Kayode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Inclusion Level

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera seeds obtained from the middle belt of Nigeria, Benue State, was determined and the seed was blended to form a seed meal. The Moringa oleifera Seed Meal, MOSM was included in diets at graded levels of 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% and the dietary performance of the broiler chicks on the test diets was compared with that of a corn-soy reference diet. Results on the chemical/nutritional composition of MOSM showed that the full-fat seeds contained (%) on proximate basis, reasonable concentration of 90.38 dry matter, 25.37 crude protein, 14.16 crude fat, 4.03 mineral matter, 30.64 crude fiber, 25.80 soluble carbohydrate and 5.79 kcal/g gross energy. Analyses also gave appreciable quantities of the water and fat soluble vitamins, macro - and micro-minerals. Feeding chicks with the seed meal at graded levels in diets resulted in decrease in feed intake and body weight gain as the inclusion level increased in diets relative to the conventional diet (p < 0.05). Reduction in feed consumption could be attributed to the full-fat nature of the seed meal used which might have imparted extra-caloric effect in the test diets and slowed digestion and absorption as the analyzed nutrients content of diets. A higher ether extract value on Moringa based diets relative to the control diet was obtained. Phytochemical composition of Moringa namely phenols including tannins, saponins, phytate, cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolates and other numerous chemical constituents affected the body weight of the chicks negatively with increasing dietary MOSM. Decrease in weight gain following increase in dietary seed meal could also be due to decrease in feed intake as a result of the bitter taste of alkaloids, saponins, acting in concert with the other Moringa phytotoxins in test diets. Survival rate (100%) was not affected indicating that the level of highest inclusion in this study (7.50%) was not fatal to the experimental animal models. Further research is progressing to ascertain the highest inclusion level possible to elicit fatality and attempts to detoxify or treat the seed meal before feeding to animals.

Circulating levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline, and osteocalcin associated with antler growth in white-tailed deer

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Van Der Eems ◽  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Caren M. Gundberg
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Antler Cycle

Abstract. Alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, and 1,25(OH)2D were measured in biweekly serum samples obtained from 6 adult (> 4 years), 4 juvenile (1–4 years) and 4 fawn (< 1 year) male white-tailed deer from Oct. 1983 to Oct. 1984. Antler length, from the pedicle to the tip, was measured at the time of serum sampling. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and levels of hydroxyproline and osteocalcin were higher (P < 0.05) in fawns compared with juveniles and adults reflecting increased bone metabolism in the younger deer. In adult deer serum alkaline phosphatase activity and hydroxyproline levels were elevated (P < 0.05) during the period of antler growth, whereas serum osteocalcin and 1,25(OH)2D increased (P < 0.05) during antler mineralization. Similar but less pronounced trends occurred in juvenile deer, possibly a reflection of skeletal growth in the younger animals. The data lend support for utilization of the deer antler cycle as a model for studies of bone disorders. Further work is needed to help clarify the role of hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, and 1,25(OH)2D in the antler cycle.

Altered parathyroid set point to calcium in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Auwerx ◽  
M. Demedts ◽  
R. Bouillon
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Disodium Edta ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Serum Pth ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Changes in calcium concentration were induced by an infusion of disodium-EDTA or calcium in 2 members of a family suffering from hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) associated with interstitial lung disease. These changes in calcium demonstrated an inverse linear relationship with the changes in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). Infusion of EDTA in control subjects and in patients with an adenoma or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands also showed inverse relationships between calcium and PTH. The correlation between serum calcium and serum PTH was significant over the range observed during the induced hypo- and/or hypercalcaemia in controls and in patients with FHH or adenoma. The regressions were, however, shifted relative to each other: in comparison with controls, the FHH was displaced upwards and to the right, although not as far as the adenomas. These findings suggest the existence of an elevated set point for extracellular calcium (or calciostat) in FHH.

Effect of methionine and lysine supplementation of diets for laying hens, on production and feed intake

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald ◽  
IJ Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Egg Weight

Six diets containing five levels of methionine and two of lysme were each fed to 12 Leghorn and 12 Australorp pullets for a period of 16 weeks Body weight changes, egg production, egg weight and feed intake were measured Although responses to the diets did not differ significantly In univariate analyses, multrvarrate analysis lndicated a srgnificant interaction between breeds and diets. Increased methionine produced small, significant Increases In egg weight, although responses were inconsistent at different levels Body weight gains were not significantly different between diets. Egg production and feed consumption were significantly affected by diet?, but the pattern of response was also inconsistent. A discriminate function analysis showed a consistent response to increased methionine, which indicated that the basal diet was deficient and that the pullets required a total of 0 275% methionine in their diet Lysine supplementation produced a 'significant decrease In feed intake but had no significant effect on any other variable.A multiple regression equation relating metabolizable energy intake to the variables measured in the experiment was calculated and compared with others reported In the literature This was used to predict the requirements of the pullets for a number of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Utilization by Meat Type Chicken Fed Fusarium oxysporum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
T. E. Lawal ◽  
F. A. Aderemi ◽  
O. M. Alabi ◽  
O. A. Oguntunji ◽  
M. O. Ayoola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Fusarium oxysporum degraded Brewer dried grain (BDG) on the performance and nutrient utilization ofbroiler chicken at starter and finisher phases. Undegraded and degraded (BDG) werewas used to compound rations for broiler birds for 8 weeks. The undegraded BDG was used at 7% inclusion level and the degraded BDG was used at 3, 5, and 7%. A total of 150 day old chicks were randomly selected and allocated for 5 treatments. Thirty 30 birds were allocated to each treatment with three replicates each. Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into BDG through Solid State Fermentation for a period of 7 days. This was used as degraded sample. There was improvement in the crude protein, ash, and gross energy after biodegradation. Biodegradation led to reduction in crude fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and detergent fibre content. At  starter phase, there were significant (P<0.05) (P=0.05) differences in feed consumption and body weight gain and the highest feed consumption (FC) and body weight gain  (BWG) were found in treatment 5, which contained 7% degraded BDG (DBDG) and the FC and BWG they were 88.93 and 41.07g/bird/day, respectively. At the finisher phase, there were significant (P=0.05) differences in both the average feed intake and the average body weight gain by the birds. The highest feed intake was found in treatment 5 (140 g/b/d) and the highest body weight gain was also observed in treatment 5 (78.21g/b/d). Significant differences (P=0.05) were also observed for the feed conversion ratio at the finisher phase. The best value (1.64) was recorded at the control treatment and this was followed by the value recorded for treatment 5 (1.79). The relative cost benefits revealed that it is profitable to feed broilers with F. oxysporum degraded BDG. The results showed that F. oxysporum was able to enhance the feeding value of BDG and this impacted positively on the feed consumption and body weight gain by the birds.

scholarly journals Low Serum Parathyroid Hormone is a Risk Factor for Peritonitis Episodes in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Study 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Yang ◽  
Jingjing Da ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yan Zha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Serum Pth ◽  
Technique Failure

Abstract Backgroud: Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported to be associated with infectious mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritonitis is the most common and fatal infectious complication, resulting in technique failure, hospital admission and mortality. Whether PTH is associated with peritonitis episodes remains unclear.Methods: We examined the association of PTH levels and peritonitis incidence in a 7-year cohort of 270 incident PD patients who were maintained on dialysis between January 2012 and December 2018 using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Patients were categorized into three groups by serum PTH levels as follows: low-PTH group, PTH<150pg/mL; middle-PTH group, PTH=150-300pg/mL; high-PTH group, PTH>300pg/mL .Results: During a median follow-up of 29.5 (interquartile range 16-49) months, 73 (27.0%) peritonitis episodes occurred. Low PTH levels were associated with older age, higher calcium levels and lower alkaline phosphatase levels. After multivariate adjustment, lower PTH levels were identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes [hazard ratio 1.643, 95% confidence interval 1.014-2.663, P=0.044].Conclusions: Low PTH levels are independently associated with peritonitis in incident PD patients.

scholarly journals The effects of Papain Crude Extract Addition in Diets on Broilers Production Performances

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentius Rumokoy ◽  
Endang Pudjihastuti ◽  
Ivonne Maria Untu ◽  
Wisje Lusia Toar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Pellet Feed

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of papain crude extract addition in mash and pellet feed forms on production performance of broiler chickens in order to obtain the best level of extract papain in mash or pellet form. This natural protease enzyme was extracted from unripe papaya. A complete random design was applied in this study and it was arranged with factorial 4 * 2 and three replications. The treatments were 4 levels of papain (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 %) and two physical forms of feed (mash and pellet). Broilers production parameters measured were: feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass percentage. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction was highly significant (P <0.01) for feed intake, body weight, carcass percentage respectively while feed conversion showed significant interaction (P <0.05). The significant differences in the feed consumption described the role of papain enzyme through treatment of CEP and the physical form of feed. The results indicate that the all treatment of papain crude extract level  both in mash and pellet feed form were able to improve feed intake, body weight, FCR and carcass percentage of broiler chickens, whereas the best performance was obtained in the treatment of 0.05% papain crude extract in mash form of diets.

scholarly journals The effect of fermented coconut waste to the growth of catfish (ClariasSp)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Farizaldi, Novirman Jamarun, Jafrinur, Yeti Marlida
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Catfish Diet

This study aimed to determine the effect of fermented coconut waste on the growth of catfish (Clariassp). The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments included P0 (0% of fermented coconut waste in the feed), P1 (10% of fermented coconut waste in the feed), P2 (20% of fermented coconut waste in feed), and P3 (30% of fermented coconut waste in the feed). The observed variables were feed consumption, absolute body weight, feed conversion and survival rate. The results showed that using fermented coconut waste for catfish diet significantly (P <0.05) affected feed intake, absolute body weight, feed conversion and live survival of the fish. The conclusion of this research was using 20% of fermented coconut waste in the diet can increase the growth of catfish (Clariassp).

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