Light deprivation increases plasma levels of melatonin during the first 72 h of life in human infants

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Jaldo-Alba ◽  
A Muñóz-Hoyos ◽  
A Molina-Carballo ◽  
JA Molina-Font ◽  
D Acuña-Castroviejo
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Light Deprivation ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin

The development of rhythmic melatonin secretion in full-term neonates seems to occur at about 12 weeks of age, but activity of the pineal gland from 1 to 12 weeks of age is not well documented. To determine whether the pineal gland actively secretes melatonin and reacts to photoperiodic information during this period, we analyzed 45 full-term infants exposed to continuous artificial light during 24, 48 and 72 h after birth for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. During this light treatment, the eyes of the neonates were completely covered to avoid damage, thus the infants were under continuous light deprivation. Phototherapy significantly decreased plasma bilirubin during treatment. With regard to pineal gland activity, the shortest period of light deprivation tested, 24 h, significantly increased plasma melatonin levels from 152.66±11.57 to 244.86±19.49 ng/l (mean±sem; p<0.001). The other periods tested, 48 and 72 h of light deprivation, led to similar percentages of melatonin stimulation. These results suggest that the pineal gland of neonates, before displaying rhythmic metabolic activity, is sensitive to changes in environmental illumination, indicating maturity of some features of suprachiasmatic nuclei function.

Clot formation of neonates tested by thromboelastography correlates with gestational age

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (02) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzipi Strauss ◽  
Yael Levy-Shraga ◽  
Bruria Ravid ◽  
Irit Schushan-Eisen ◽  
Ayala Maayan-Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Clot Formation Time

SummaryEvaluation of clot formation in neonates is troublesome. Our aim was to investigate cord blood clot formation of pre-term versus full-term infants and adults, using rotating thromboelastogram (ROTEM®, Pentafarm, Munich, Germany). ROTEM was investigated in cord blood of 184 full-term and 47 pre-term infants. Measurements of the clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT) and maximal clot firmness (MCF) were obtained in order to asses reference values for this age group, and compare between full-term and pre-term neonates and compared to adult controls. For each infant demographic information and data regarding pregnancy and delivery were gathered. Infants were prospectively followed until discharge. CT and CFT were significantly shorter among pre-term and term infants as compared to adults [median CT: 185, 194, 293 seconds respectively, p≤0.001, CFT: 80, 76, 103 seconds respectively, p≤0.001). MCF was lower in pre-term and term as compared to adults (p≤0.001) with significantly lower values in pre-term as compared to full-term neonates (p=0.004). Clotting time and MCF correlated with gestational age (R=0.132, p=0.045, R= 0.259, p<0.001, respectively). No association was found between any ROTEM values and the occurrence of post-natal complications in infants of our study group. This is the first study assessing clot formation by ROTEM in pre-term infants. Clot formation parameters of term and premature infants correlated with gestational age. The predictive value of clot formation tests in neonates deserves further attention.

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and immediate outcome of late preterm neonates compared to term neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Rasania ◽  
Prasad Muley
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

Background: Late premature infants are born near term, but are immature. As a consequence, late preterm infants are at higher risk than term infants to develop morbidities. Although late preterm infants are the largest subgroup of preterm infants, there is a very limited data available on problems regarding late preterm infants in rural India.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using previously collected data from neonates born at Dhiraj Hospital and neonates who were born outside but admitted at SNCU of Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara district, Gujarat, India between January 2015 to December 2015.Results: 168 late preterm infants and 1025 term infants were included in this study. The need for SNCU admission is significantly higher in late preterm compared to full term (41.07% vs 2.04%). Morbidities were higher in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates. Sepsis (4.76% vs 1.07%), TTN (10.11% vs 2.04%), hyperbilirubinemia (19.04% vs 9.36%), RDS (1.78% vs 0.09%), hypoglycemia (1.78% vs 0.29%), PDA (1.78% vs 0.58%), risk of major congenital malformation (2.38% vs 0.58%). Need for respiratory support was 5.95% in late preterm vs 2.04% in full term neonates. Immediate neonatal outcome in terms of death and DAMA (non-salvageable) cases was poor in late preterm neonates compared to full term neonates (1.19% vs 0.78%).Conclusions: Late preterm neonates are at higher risk of morbidities and mortalities. They require special care. Judicious obstetric decisions are required to prevent late preterm births. 

Antithrombin III in Full-Term and Pre-Term Newborn Infants : Three Cases of Neonatal Diagnosis of AT III Congenital Defect

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
V De Stefano ◽  
G Leone ◽  
M P De Carolis ◽  
R Ferrelli ◽  
S De Carolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Congenital Defect ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Congenital Deficiency ◽  
At Iii

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT III) plasma levels were investigated in 18 full term neonates and 14 healthy preterm neonates. A control group of 20 healthy adults was also studied. AT III was measured as antigen concentration (Ag) and antithrombin or anti-factor Xa heparin cofactor (H. C.) activities. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis on heparin-agarose (H-CIE) was carried out on plasma samples; moreover the distribution of isoantithrombins was investigated on whole plasma by a technique of crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF). AT III plasma levels in full term infants were significantly lower as compared to the adult values. The preterm newborns group showed a further significant decrease in AT III levels as compared to the full term neonates. In all infants AT III H-CIE runs displayed a single fast moving anodal peak, so that a normal binding to heparin was demonstrated. The CIEF AT III plasma pattern of the adults as well as of all neonates displayed three major peaks at pH range 5.2-4.9, a small amount of AT III at pH 4.9-4.8 and a minor peak at pH 4.8-4.6, so that it was concluded that the isoantithrombins plasma distribution in neonatal age is identical to that of the adult subjects. Four neonates whose mothers were affected by AT III congenital defect were also investigated: diagnosis of congenital deficiency was established in three cases.

scholarly journals Plasma soluble α-klotho protein levels in premature and term neonates: correlations with growth and metabolic parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Siahanidou ◽  
Maria Garatzioti ◽  
Christina Lazaropoulou ◽  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Ioannis Papassotiriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objectiveα-Klotho (α-KL), a protein with antiaging properties, regulates phosphate, calcium, and bone metabolism, induces resistance to oxidative stress, and may participate in insulin signaling. The role of α-KL in neonates, known to be prone to metabolic disturbances and oxidative stress, is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating soluble α-KL concentrations in preterm and full-term neonates and unravel possible correlations with growth, metabolism, and indices of oxidative stress.DesignProspective study.MethodsPlasma-soluble α-KL levels were determined by specific ELISA in 50 healthy neonates (25 preterm, mean (s.d.) gestational age (GA) 33.7 (1.1) weeks, and 25 full-term infants) at days 14 and 28 of life. Associations of α-KL with anthropometric, metabolic parameters, and indices of oxidative stress were examined.Resultsα-KL levels were significantly higher in full-term than in preterm infants at both days 14 (1099 (480) pg/ml vs 884 (239) pg/ml respectively; P<0.05) and 28 (1277 (444) pg/ml vs 983 (264) pg/ml respectively; P<0.01). In both preterm and full-term infants, α-KL levels increased significantly from day 14 to 28 of life (P<0.001). Circulating α-KL concentrations correlated with GA (β=0.32, P=0.001), body weight (β=0.34, P=0.001), body length (β=0.33, P=0.001), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D level (β=0.24, P<0.05), and malondialdehyde level (β=0.20, P<0.05) but not with glucose, insulin, or homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance values.ConclusionsSoluble α-KL levels rise as GA and postnatal age advance in neonates and may have an impact on vitamin D metabolism and oxidative stress. Whether α-KL may have a role in the regulation of infants' growth should be further studied.

scholarly journals Early neonatal morbidities in late preterm compared to term neonates born in a tertiary care private hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Yogesh P. Mehta ◽  
Manjusha Bhicurao Naik ◽  
Kinnera Putrevu
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Term Newborns

Background: Late preterm babies, born between 34 completed weeks of gestation through 36 weeks 6/7 gestation, tend to be physiologically less mature than term infants, subjecting them to an increased risk of developing various morbidities. Limited information is available regarding the current scenario in India. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand and compare the early morbidities in late preterm newborns with those in full term babies in a tertiary hospital in India.Methods: The current prospective, observational study consisted of total 150 babies divided into two groups equally; late preterm neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation and full-term neonates. Weight (at birth, at 72 hours), heart rate, temperature and respiratory parameters were noted of all babies. The newborns were examined for respiratory morbidities, ability to breastfeed, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, neonatal jaundice and signs of sepsis. The need for resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and parenteral nutrition was also assessed. Data was expressed as mean±SD and was analyzed using the Student ‘t’ and Mann Whitney U tests.Results: The mean length and weight at birth in late preterm babies was significantly lesser than term newborns. Late preterm babies were found to have significantly higher incidence of complications like hyperbilirubinemia (62.7% vs 13.3%), respiratory morbidities (16% vs 4%), poor feeding, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and sepsis compared to term newborns (p<0.01).Conclusions: Late preterm infants are at a higher risk than term infants for a number of neonatal complications. Initiatives imparting special care to late preterm infants are required in order to lower the morbidities endured by this population.

Maternal and neonatal vitamin D deficiency and transient tachypnea of the newborn in full term neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Omran ◽  
Heba Mousa ◽  
Mohamed Osama Abdalla ◽  
Osama Zekry
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Aim: To investigate the association between maternal and neonatal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels and development of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) in full term infants. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study carried out on 30 neonates with TTN and their mothers and 30 control neonates and their mothers. Levels of 25-OHD were measured in maternal and neonatal blood samples that were obtained in the first 12–24 h of postnatal age. Results: Both maternal and neonatal 25-OHD levels in the TTN group were significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between neonatal 25-OHD level and average hospital stay (P=0.0001). Conclusion: We observed that lower maternal and neonatal vitamin 25-OHD levels were associated with TTN development in full term infants.

scholarly journals Preterm and full term infant vocalization and the origin of language

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Melinda Caskey ◽  
Hyunjoo Yoo ◽  
Edina R. Bene ◽  
Yuna Jhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Origin Of Language

Abstract How did vocal language originate? Before trying to determine how referential vocabulary or syntax may have arisen, it is critical to explain how ancient hominins began to produce vocalization flexibly, without binding to emotions or functions. A crucial factor in the vocal communicative split of hominins from the ape background may thus have been copious, functionally flexible vocalization, starting in infancy and continuing throughout life, long before there were more advanced linguistic features such as referential vocabulary. 2–3 month-old modern human infants produce “protophones”, including at least three types of functionally flexible non-cry precursors to speech rarely reported in other ape infants. But how early in life do protophones actually appear? We report that the most common protophone types emerge abundantly as early as vocalization can be observed in infancy, in preterm infants still in neonatal intensive care. Contrary to the expectation that cries are the predominant vocalizations of infancy, our all-day recordings showed that protophones occurred far more frequently than cries in both preterm and full-term infants. Protophones were not limited to interactive circumstances, but also occurred at high rates when infants were alone, indicating an endogenous inclination to vocalize exploratorily, perhaps the most fundamental capacity underlying vocal language.

Measurements of Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown in Newborn Human Infants

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Burgoyne ◽  
F. J. Ballard ◽  
F. M. Tomas ◽  
A. Dobozy ◽  
A. H. MacLennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Excretion Ratio ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Ion Exchange Separation

1. Myofibrillar protein breakdown was calculated from the urinary excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine) to creatinine in newborn premature and full-term infants. Representative values were obtained from single voidings provided that the infant's metabolic status was stable. 2. Nτ-Methylhistidine in infant urine was measured by a rapid Auto Analyser method and shown to give similar values to those obtained by ion-exchange separation techniques. 3. The molar excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine to creatinine averaged 0·0159 in urine samples obtained within 12 h after birth. A similar ratio was found in amniotic fluid collected at birth. It is argued that this ratio does not reflect a low rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in the foetus, but rather a more effective transplacental passage of Nτ-methylhistidine than of creatinine. 4. The urinary ratio increased during the first 2 days after birth to a plateau at 0·0372. This represents a myofibrillar protein degradation rate of 3·40% day−1 in full-term infants. 5. The molar excretion ratio during the period 40–120 h after birth increased in premature infants and reflects a fractional degradation rate of 5·34% day−1 in those infants weighing less than 1 kg at birth. 6. Lower excretion ratios were found in some infants of diabetic mothers and in athyroid infants. 7. The urinary excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine to creatinine is presented as a useful method for evaluating the breakdown rate of myofibrillar protein in neonates and can be applied to a number of abnormal nutritional or hormonal states.

Respiratory response to airway occlusion in infants: sleep state and maturation

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Frantz ◽  
S. M. Adler ◽  
I. F. Abroms ◽  
B. T. Thach
Keyword(s):  
Full Term ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Airway Occlusion ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Respiratory Movements

The progressive respiratory response to occlusion of the airway at FRC was measured in a group of full-term and premature human infants. The sleep state of the full-term infants was shown to affect the response primarily through variations in the phase of thoracic and abdominal movements. The weakest responses were seen in those infants who demonstrated parodoxical respiration prior to occlusion. Most infants developed paradoxical respiratory movements after occlusion, but this did not affect the strength of the load-compensatory response. An increase in response related to both gestationaland postnatal age was observed. This increase could not be accounted for byvariations in the amount of paradoxical and in-phase respiration and thus may represent an increase in the sensitivity of infants to chemical stimuli with maturation.

scholarly journals Effect of sex and gestational age on neonatal body composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Simon ◽  
Paula Borrego ◽  
Dominique Darmaun ◽  
Arnaud Legrand ◽  
Jean-Christophe Rozé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Neonates

To determine the effects of length of gestation and sex on infant body composition, air displacement plethysmography was performed in forty-six full-term neonates at 3 d of life and during the week prior to hospital discharge in 180 preterm neonates. Fat mass, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in preterm than in term infants (13·4 (sd 4·2) v. 10·1 (sd 3·7) %, respectively; P= 0·001). The absolute amount of fat mass did not differ between preterm and full-term newborns (323 (sd 126) v. 335 (sd 138) g; P= 0·58), whereas lean body mass was lower in preterm than in term infants (2055 (sd 280) v. 2937 (sd 259) g, respectively; P< 0·001). Among full-term infants, fat mass was higher in females than in males (11·1 (sd 3·7) v. 9·0 (sd 3·3) %, respectively; P= 0·047), whereas we did not observe any sex difference in preterm infants (13·5 (sd 4·1) v. 13·4 (sd 4·3) %; P= 0·89). Our data suggest that by the time they are discharged from hospital: (1) preterm infants have a higher percentage of body fat than term neonates and (2) this is presumably due to a lesser accretion in lean body mass in the first few weeks of extra-uterine life, particularly in boys.

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