Individual and joint effects of trehalose and glutamate on diabetic retinopathy: a propensity score-matched case-control study

Although previous studies demonstrate that trehalose can help maintain glucose homeostasis in healthy humans, its role and joint effect with glutamate on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the associations of trehalose and glutamate with DR. This study included 69 pairs of DR and matched type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. Serum trehalose and glutamate were determined via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system. Covariates were collected by a standardized questionnaire, clinical examinations and laboratory assessments. Individual and joint association of trehalose and glutamate with DR were quantified by multiple conditional logistic regression models. The adjusted odds of DR averagely decreased by 86% [odds ratio (OR): 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06,0.33] with per interquartile range increase of trehalose. Comparing with the lowest quartile, adjusted OR (95% CI) were 0.20 (0.05,0.83), 0.14 (0.03,0.63) and 0.01 (<0.01,0.05) for participants in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of trehalose, respectively. In addition, as compared to their counterparts, T2D patients with lower trehalose (<median) and higher glutamate (≥ median) had the highest odds of DR (OR: 36.81; 95% CI: 6.75, 200.61). Apparent super-multiplicative effect of trehalose and glutamate on DR was observed, whereas relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was not significant. The study suggests that trehalose is beneficial to inhibit the occurrence of DR and synergistically decreases the risk of DR with reduced glutamate. Our findings also provide new insights into the mechanisms of DR and further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽

Juan Martínez-Galiano ◽

Naomi Cano-Ibáñez ◽

Rocío Olmedo-Requena ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Brown Bread

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case–control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring pairs. A total of 137 validated items were included in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Having more than 75 g/day of brown bread showed an inverse association with SGA (aOR = 0.64, CI 0.43–0.96). In contrast, an intake of industrial sweets more than once a day (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.42–5.13), or even 2–6 times a week (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.20–2.82), increased the odds of having a SGA newborn. During pregnancy, the higher the increase of wholegrain cereal and bread, the lower the possibility of having a SGA newborn, but the opposite occurred with refined sugar products—just consuming industrial bakery products or pastries twice a week increased the odds of having an SGA infant. Case–control studies cannot verify causality and only show associations, which may reflect residual confusion due to the presence of unknown factors. It is possible that a high consumption of sugary foods is a marker of a generally poor lifestyle.

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Adiponectin may play a part in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1510135 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

MI Yilmaz ◽

A Sonmez ◽

C Acikel ◽

T Celik ◽

N Bingol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽

Plasma Adiponectin

OBJECTIVES: To measure plasma adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and to investigate any association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy, because adiponectin seems to be an important modulator for metabolic and vascular diseases. METHODS: Seventy-four patients (mean age 46.8+/-5.1 years; body mass index (BMI), 26.8+/-2.10 kg/m(2)) and 54 healthy volunteers (mean age 46.8+/-5.4 years; BMI 26.47+/-2.33 kg/m(2)) were included. RESULTS: Adiponectin concentrations in the patients were significantly lower than those in controls (4.71+/-2.11 microg/ml for patients, n=74; 15.95+/-3.72 microg/ml for controls, n=54; P<0.001). In the patients group there was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and homeostasis model assessment index (r=-0.318, P=0.006 respectively). Plasma adiponectin concentrations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=20; 3.16+/-1.83 microg/ml) or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n=24; 3.97+/-1.47 microg/ml, P=0.014) were significantly lower than those in patients without diabetic retinopathy (n=30; 6.30+/-1.57 microg/ml, P=0.001). When the presence of diabetes was defined as the final variable in the conditional logistic regression model with the adiponectin concentration as the continuous variable, adiponectin was significantly involved in the model. CONCLUSION: The results show that adiponectin concentrations are lower in patients with type 2 diabetes and that the concentrations are associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Our findings suggest that adiponectin may take part in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

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Anemia and Diabetic Kidney Disease Had Joint Effect on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.61.14.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (14) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Jianyong Wang ◽

Xing Xin ◽

Wenliang Luo ◽

Ruojie Wang ◽

Xinyi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Diabetic Kidney

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Association of n-6 PUFAs with the risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-20-0370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1191-1201

Author(s):

Ju-shuang Li ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Jing-jing Zuo ◽

Cheng-nan Guo ◽

Fang Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Classification Performance ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Principle Component ◽

Testing Set

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and leading cause of visual impairment in adults worldwide, is suggested to be linked to abnormal lipid metabolism. The present study aims to comprehensively investigate the relationship between n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and DR. This was a propensity score matching based case–control study, including 69 pairs of DR patients and type 2 diabetic patients without DR with mean age of 56.7 ± 9.2 years. Five n-6 PUFAs were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Principle component regression (PCR) and multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of DR risk with n-6 PUFAs depending on independent training and testing sets, respectively. According to locally weighted regression model, we observed obvious negative correlation between levels of five n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonicacid) and DR. Based on multiple PCR model, we also observed significant negative association between the five n-6 PUFAs and DR with adjusted OR (95% CI) as 0.62 (0.43,0.87). When being evaluated depending on the testing set, the association was still existed, and PCR model had excellent classification performance, in which area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.99). In addition, the model also had valid calibration with a non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow Chi-square of 9.44 (P = 0.307) in the testing set. n-6 PUFAs were inversely associated with the presence of DR, and the principle component could be potential indicator in distinguishing DR from other T2D patients.

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Evaluation of female breast cancer risk among the betel quid chewer: A bio-statistical assessment in Assam, India

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.3126/nje.v5i2.12832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 494-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nijara Rajbongshi ◽

Lipi B Mahanta ◽

Dilip C Nath

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Income ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Betel Quid ◽

P Value ◽

Female Population ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among the female population of Assam, India. Chewing of betel quid with or without tobacco is common practice among female population of this region. Moreoverthe method of preparing the betel quid is different from other parts of the country.So matched case control study is conducted to analyse whetherbetel quid chewing plays a significant role in the high incidence of breast cancer occurrences in Assam. Methods and Material: Here, controls are matched to the cases by age at diagnosis (±5 years), family income and place of residence with matching ratio 1:1. Conditional logistic regression models and odd ratios (OR) was used to draw conclusions. Results: It is observed that cases are more habituated to chewing habits than the controls.Further the conditional logistic regression analysis reveals that betel quid chewer faces 2.353 times more risk having breast cancer than the non-chewer with p value 0.0003 (95% CI 1.334-4.150). Conclusion:Though the female population in Assam usually does not smoke, the addictive habits typical to this region have equal effect on the occurrence of breast cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i2.12832Nepal J Epidemiol. 2015;5(2); 494-498.

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Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Population: Is Metformin Implicated? Results of a Matched Case-Control Study Performed on the Type 2 Diabetes Population of Grenoble Hospital University

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/3545914 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marion Lepelley ◽

Joris Giai ◽

Nassima Yahiaoui ◽

Sébastien Chanoine ◽

Céline Villier

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lactic Acidosis ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Matched Case ◽

A Minor

Introduction. To evaluate the strength of association between lactic acidosis (LA) and well-recognized risk factors for LA, particularly the weight of metformin.Methods. This study is a matched case-control analysis concerning the type 2 diabetes population from Grenoble Hospital University. Cases of LA were defined biologically with pH < 7.35 and lactates > 5 mmol/L. They were matched to 2 controls defined as type 2 diabetic inpatients who did not present a LA during the study period. We performed a conditional logistic regression.Results. We included 302 cases and 604 controls; mean age was 69.5 years (SD 11.93). Intercurrent diseases were significantly associated with LA. Chronic medical conditions had a minor impact on LA incidence, except hepatocellular dysfunction. Metformin was significantly associated with a higher LA probability in case of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR = 1.79;pvalue = 0.020) but not in patients without AKI.Discussion and Conclusions. According to this study, metformin, compared to acute medical conditions, seemed not to be associated with LA in patients with type 2 diabetes; however in case of AKI, metformin may be associated with LA.

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Covid-19 presentation among symptomatic healthcare workers in Ireland

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.1093/occmed/kqab012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G O’Sullivan ◽

S Jacob ◽

P M Barrett ◽

J Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Health Staff ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Matched Case ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background It is recognized that healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting Covid-19. It is incumbent on occupational health staff to recognize potential symptoms of Covid-19 among HCWs. Aims The aims of the study were to describe the presenting symptoms of HCWs who developed Covid-19 in Ireland, and to estimate the odds of specific symptoms being associated with a positive Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. Methods A retrospective chart review of all symptomatic HCWs who self-presented for Covid-19 testing in Cork from March to May 2020 was conducted. A sex-matched case–control study was carried out to compare presenting features among those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative. Univariate and multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models were run using Stata 15.0 to identify the symptoms associated with positive Covid-19 swab results. Results Three hundred and six HCWs were included in the study; 102 cases and 204 controls. Common presenting features among cases were fever/chills (55%), cough (44%) and headache (35%). The symptoms which were significantly associated with a positive Covid-19 swab result were loss of taste/smell (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–108.79), myalgia (aOR 2.36, 95% 1.27–4.38), fatigue (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.12–4.74), headache (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.19–3.74) and fever/chills (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12–3.15). Conclusions Fever, fatigue, myalgia, loss of taste/smell and headache were associated with increased odds of a Covid-19 diagnosis among symptomatic self-referred HCWs compared with those had negative swab results. Testing criteria for HCWs should reflect the broad range of possible symptoms of Covid-19.

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Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247163

Author(s):

Priyamadhaba Behera ◽

Binod Kumar Patro ◽

Arvind Kumar Singh ◽

Pradnya Dilip Chandanshive ◽

Ravikumar S. R. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Infection Type ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Background Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Methods A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 76 controls and 41 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.15–0.51) was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Those involved in physical activity (AOR 3.06 95% CI, 1.18–7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated with a 73% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers for the following month. Chemoprophylaxis has relevance in the containment of pandemic.

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Antibiotic exposure and risk of breast cancer: A causal association or a skyfall?

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e12524 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e12524-e12524

Author(s):

Anna Koumarianou ◽

Efrosyni D Manali ◽

Archontoula Fragou ◽

Panagiotis Katsaounis ◽

Georgia Bouga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Single Cancer ◽

Matched Case ◽

Sparse Methods ◽

Age Of Menarche

e12524 Background: Although it has long been hypothesized that the use of antibiotics may increase the risk of breast cancer, through effects on inflammation, immunity and gastrointestinal microflora that alter the metabolism of phytochemicals, clinical data on this association are sparse. Methods: Matched case-control study among 158 women with newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer from a single cancer unit and 158 age-matched controls (± 12 months) from healthy individuals accompanying patients to the outpatient clinics between January 1, 2006 and December 30, 2007. Clinical examination and a standard questionnaire for the collection of baseline characteristics and known aggravating factors, such as body mass index, smoking, age of menarche and menopause, parity, breastfeeding, history of respiratory, urinary or other infections and previous estrogen use, were carried out in all individuals. All antibiotic classes, such as β-lactams, amoxyl and clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, clindamycin and imidazoles, were recorded. Type of antibiotic and dose was ascertained from health insurance’s pharmacy records. Data were analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression models including adjustments for potential confounding factors. Results: The age matched groups of patients and controls were found to have statistically significant differences in the considered parameters such as delayed age of menopause, less parity and less smoking in the control group and more antibiotic intake in the patient population. The cumulative use for more than 21 days of any antibiotic classes were found to statistically significant correlate with increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio(OR):3.5, 95%confidence interval(CI):1.7-7.3, p=0.001]. By subanalyses according to antibiotic class this increased risk was mainly associated with β-lactams (OR:11.4, 95%CI:3.8, 34.1, p<0.001) and less with macrolides (OR:2.8, 95%CI:1.1-7.5, p=0.039). Conclusions: Our study links β-lactam and macrolide consumption with increased breast cancer risk but further investigation of this association in large cohorts together with exploration of the underlying cause are needed.

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Effect of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil Intake during Pregnancy on Risk of Small for Gestational Age Infants

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Juan Martínez-Galiano ◽

Rocío Olmedo-Requena ◽

Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez ◽

Carmen Amezcua-Prieto ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Matched Case ◽

Control Study

To quantify the effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the consumption of olive oil (OO), on the risk of having a small for gestational age infants (SGA), a matched case-control study was conducted in Spain. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three indices were used to evaluate the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) (Predimed, Trichopoulou and Panagiotakos). Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results were stratified by severity of SGA: moderate (percentiles 6–10), and severe (percentiles ≤5). For moderate, four or more points in the Predimed´s index was associated with a 41% reduction of having SGA compared with women with a score ≤3, aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.38–0.98); for severe, the reduction in risk was not statistically significant. Similar results were found when the other MD indexes were used. An intake of OO above 5 g/day was associated with a lower risk of SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.85); statistical significance was observed for moderate SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.96), but not for severe SGA (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.24–1.07), although the magnitude of ORs were quite similar. Adherence to a MD and OO intake is associated with a reduced risk of SGA.

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