Maternal sucrose consumption alters behaviour and steroids in adult rat offspring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Tobiansky ◽  
George V Kachkovski ◽  
Reilly T Enos ◽  
Kim L Schmidt ◽  
E. Angela Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Specific Effects

Maternal diets can have dramatic effects on the physiology, metabolism, and behaviour of offspring that persist into adulthood. However, the effects of maternal sucrose consumption on offspring remain unclear. Here, female rats were fed either a sucrose diet with a human-relevant level of sucrose (25% of kcal) or a macronutrient-matched, isocaloric control diet before, during, and after pregnancy. After weaning, all offspring were fed a standard low-sucrose rodent chow. We measured indicators of metabolism (weight, adipose, glucose tolerance, liver lipids) during development and adulthood (16-24 wk). We also measured food preference and motivation for sugar rewards in adulthood. Finally, in brain regions regulating these behaviours, we measured steroids and transcripts for steroidogenic enzymes, steroid receptors, and dopamine receptors. In male offspring, maternal sucrose intake decreased body mass and visceral adipose, increased preference for high-sucrose and high-fat diets, increased motivation for sugar rewards, and decreased mRNA levels of Cyp17a1 (an androgenic enzyme) in the nucleus accumbens. In female offspring, maternal sucrose intake increased basal corticosterone levels. These data demonstrate the profound, enduring, diverse, and sex-specific effects of maternal sucrose consumption on offspring phenotype.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Type I mRNA Levels in Brain Regions From Male and Female Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Gayle ◽  
Sergey E. Ilyin ◽  
Carlos R. Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals SAT-717 Region-Specific Effects of the Exposome on Brain Monoamine Levels in Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Kaimal ◽  
Jessica Hooversmith ◽  
Maryam H Al Mansi ◽  
Philip V Holmes ◽  
Sheba M J MohanKumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
End Of Treatment

Abstract Prenatal programming with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in particular the ubiquitous plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), can induce long-lasting behavioral changes in rats. Additionally, changes in estrogen are correlated with the development of mood disorders in women; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. This study was conducted to determine the cumulative effects of prenatal exposure to EDCs followed by chronic estradiol treatment in adult female rats on monoamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). Dams were orally administered saline (control; 10 µL/kg), BPA (B; 5 µg/kg), DEHP (D; 7.5 mg/kg) or a combination of BPA+DEHP (B+D) during days 6 through 21 of pregnancy. Adult female offspring were sham-implanted or implanted with pellets that release 17β-estradiol (E2) for 90 days (20 ng/day; Innovative Research America). The offspring then underwent a battery of behavioral tests at the end of treatment. Brains collected from the offspring were sectioned and the PFC and HC were microdissected and analyzed for levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Significant reductions in monoamine levels were observed in the PFC while NE and 5-HT levels were markedly reduced in the HC after prenatal exposure to D or BD. BPA’s effects on monoamines were comparatively modest. E2 exposure increased DA but decreased 5-HT levels in the PFC of control animals. Prenatal exposure to EDCs made the offspring non-responsive to E2. The marked reduction in monoamine levels could have implications for learning and memory.

scholarly journals Maternal High-Protein Diet during Pregnancy Modifies Rat Offspring Body Weight and Insulin Signalling but Not Macronutrient Preference in Adulthood

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Carlin ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
François Blachier ◽  
Pierre Barbillon ◽  
Nicolas Darcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Food Conditions

Diet of mothers during gestation may impact offspring phenotype. This study evaluated the consequences of a maternal High-Protein (HP) diet during gestation on food preferences and phenotypic characteristics in adult rat offspring. Dams were fed a HP or a Normal-Protein (NP) isocaloric diet during gestation only. Weaned female pups were divided into 3 diet groups: NP control or one of two dietary self-selection (DSS) conditions. In DSS1, offspring had a free choice between proteins (100%) or a mix of carbohydrates (88%) and lipids (12%). In DSS2, the choice was between proteins (100%), carbohydrate (100%) or lipids (100%). DSS2 groups consumed more of their energy from protein and lipids, with a decreased carbohydrate intake (p < 0.0001) compared to NP groups, regardless of the maternal diet. Offspring from HP gestation dams fed the DSS2 diet (HPDSS2) had a 41.2% increase of total adiposity compared to NPDSS2 (p < 0.03). Liver Insulin receptor and Insulin substrate receptor 1 expression was decreased in offspring from HP compared to NP gestation dams. These results showed the specific effects of DSS and maternal diet and data suggested that adult, female offspring exposed to a maternal HP diet during foetal life were more prone to adiposity development, in response to postweaning food conditions.

Creatine kinase-B mRNA levels in brain regions from male and female rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey E Ilyin ◽  
Gayatri Sonti ◽  
George Molloy ◽  
Carlos R Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase B

Intrauterine ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic oxidative stress and neuroendocrine alterations in adult rat offspring

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. R796-R802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korami Dembele ◽  
Xing-Hai Yao ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
B. L. Grégoire Nyomba
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with low birth weight, followed by increased appetite, catch-up growth, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in the rat offspring. Because EtOH can induce oxidative stress, which is a putative mechanism of insulin resistance, and because of the central role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin action, we investigated whether prenatal EtOH exposure causes oxidative damage to the hypothalamus, which may alter its function. Female rats were given EtOH by gavage throughout pregnancy. At birth, their offspring were smaller than those of non-EtOH rats. Markers of oxidative stress and expression of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were determined in hypothalami of postnatal day 7 (PD7) and 3-mo-old (adult) rat offspring. In both PD7 and adult rats, prenatal EtOH exposure was associated with decreased levels of glutathione and increased expression of MnSOD. The concentrations of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls were normal in PD7 EtOH-exposed offspring, but were increased in adult EtOH-exposed offspring. Both PD7 and adult EtOH-exposed offspring had normal neuropeptide Y and POMC mRNA levels, but the adult offspring had reduced POMC protein concentration. Thus only adult offspring preexposed to EtOH had increased hypothalamic tissue damage and decreased levels of POMC, which could impair melanocortin signaling. We conclude that prenatal EtOH exposure causes hypothalamic oxidative stress, which persists into adult life and alters melanocortin action during adulthood. These neuroendocrine alterations may explain weight gain and insulin resistance in rats exposed to EtOH early in life.

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Soy Isoflavones Altered the Immunological Parameters in Female Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala M. Ebaid ◽  
Rania Abdel Rahman Elgawish ◽  
Heba M. A. Abdelrazek ◽  
Ghada Gaffer ◽  
Hend M. Tag
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Ifn Γ

Information on the effects of phytoestrogens on animals has increased recently; however, there were only few studies on prenatal exposure on cellular immune response. Pregnant rats were assigned to 3 groups (12 rats per group), the first was fed control diet, the second was fed low-dose (6.5 g/100 g of diet) soy isoflavones, while the third was fed high-dose (26 g/100 g of diet) soy isoflavones. The female offspring cell-mediated immune response was determined using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) injection, and intumesce index was calculated on postnatal day 50. After 24 hours of PHA injection, blood samples were collected for tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL)-12 determination. Spleen, thymus, and PHA-injected footpads were fixed for histopathology. Intumesce index was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in rats’ offspring born from dams fed low- and high-dietary soy isoflavones than that in control groups. Thymic relative weights in offspring of rats fed high-dietary soy isoflavones showed a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease compared to that in the control group. Female offspring where low and high-dietary soy isoflavones were fed to their dams showed a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in IFN-γ and IL-12 than that in control ones. Spleen of rats born from dams fed high dose of dietary soy isoflavones showed lymphocytic depletion in white pulp. Taking together, it is clear that dietary soy isoflavones at prenatal period had immunosuppressive effect on female offspring after PHA stimulation. This effect was mediated through reduced IFN-γ that interplayed in IL-12 production pathway thus reducing its level.

scholarly journals Sucrose consumption alters steroid and dopamine signalling in the female rat brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Tobiansky ◽  
George V Kachkovski ◽  
Reilly T Enos ◽  
Kim L Schmidt ◽  
E Angela Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Adipose Inflammation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Relevant Level

Sucrose consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive deficits. Sucrose intake during pregnancy might have particularly prominent effects on metabolic, endocrine, and neural physiology. It remains unclear how consumption of sucrose affects parous females, especially in brain circuits that mediate food consumption and reward processing. Here, we examine whether a human-relevant level of sucrose before, during, and after pregnancy (17–18 weeks total) influences metabolic and neuroendocrine physiology in female rats. Females were fed either a control diet or a macronutrient-matched, isocaloric sucrose diet (25% of kcal from sucrose). Metabolically, sucrose impairs glucose tolerance, increases liver lipids, and increases a marker of adipose inflammation, but has no effect on body weight or overall visceral adiposity. Sucrose also decreases corticosterone levels in serum but not in the brain. Sucrose increases progesterone levels in serum and in the brain and increases the brain:serum ratio of progesterone in the mesocorticolimbic system and hypothalamus. These data suggest a dysregulation of systemic and local steroid signalling. Moreover, sucrose decreases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a catecholamine-synthetic enzyme, in the medial prefrontal cortex. Finally, sucrose consumption alters the expression pattern of FOSB, a marker of phasic dopamine signalling, in the nucleus accumbens. Overall, chronic consumption of sucrose at a human-relevant level alters metabolism, steroid levels, and brain dopamine signalling in a female rat model.

scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of neonatal progestin receptor antagonism on juvenile social behavior in rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M Forbes-Lorman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brain And Behavior

Abstract Developing mammals are exposed to progesterone through several sources; however, the role of progesterone in early development is not well understood. Males express more progestin receptors (PRs) than females within several brain regions during early postnatal life, suggesting that PRs may be important for the organization of the sex differences in the brain and behavior. Indeed, previous studies showed cognitive impairments in male rats treated neonatally with a PR antagonist. In the present study, we examined the role of PRs in organizing juvenile behaviors. Social play behavior and social discrimination were examined in juvenile male and female rats that had been treated with CDB, a PR antagonist, during the first week of postnatal life. Interestingly, neonatal PR antagonism altered different juvenile behaviors in males and females. A transient disruption in PR signaling during development had no effect on social discrimination but increased play initiation and pins in females. These data suggest that PRs play an important role in the organization of sex differences in some social behaviors.

The effect of dexamethasone on mucosal immunity of uterine tissue during pregnancy in rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration

Disturbances in early pregnancy immunity affect embryo development, endometrial receptivity, placental development, fetal growth and lead to subfertility, dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treatment of various complications. Immune cells and cytokines were examined during the early pregnancy in twenty-four female rats and six male rats for mating. Rats were grouped into two group control and dexamethasone treated by a dose of 50µgm/kgm body weight daily starting from one week before mating and persisted for one week after pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from each rat at 5hrs and at 1,3,7 day of pregnancy. Extracted RNA was subjected to real time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune related genes interleukin1a(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done to uterus in order to detect leukocyte infiltration in uterine tissue. Results showed that significant increase in white blood cell count mainly eosinophil at 5hrs and lymphocyte at three and seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Moreover, TNF, C-reactive protein and progesterone were increased mainly at seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Similarly, interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 10 significantly increased at 5hrs and one day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. In contrast, serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and estrogen were decreased significantly at 5hrs and seven day in dexamethasone treated group. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed leukocytic infiltration especially neutrophil and few eosinophils at five hours and one day of gestation then eosinophil become absent at 3day and seven day of dexamethasone group. Epithelial height and uterine gland diameter significantly increased at 5hrs, three day and seven days of gestation of dexamethasone treated group. The present investigation demonstrated that using of dexamethasone by dose of 50µgm/kgm during early pregnancy had a conflicting impact on some immune cytokines and parameters and may reflect a harmful response of immune system toward early period of pregnancy

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document