Clotrimazole reduces endometriosis and the estrogen concentration by downregulating aromatase

This study aimed to analyse the effects of clotrimazole (CTZ) on estrogen production pathway in endometriosis progression. Experimental endometriosis was induced by autologous transplantation in female Wistar rats, and then the rats were treated with clotrimazole (200 mg/kg) or vehicle, both orally and intraperitoneally, for 15 consecutive days. Serum estrogen levels and vaginal smear analyses were performed and ERα (estrogen receptor alpha) and CYP19 (cytochrome P450 aromatase) levels in the endometriotic lesions were analysed morphologically and immunohistochemically. The clotrimazole group presented a reduction in serum estrogen levels, which were not influenced by the estrous cycle of the animals. The expression of ERα and CYP19 in endometriotic lesions was also reduced in the clotrimazole group compared to the control group. Moreover, clotrimazole treatment decreased the size of the lesions, as confirmed by histological examination, which showed glandular atrophy for both routes of administration. These results suggest that clotrimazole interferes with the estrogen production pathway by downregulating CYP19 and, therefore, reducing serum estrogen levels. Thus, the drug decreases endometriotic lesion size and consequently disease progression.

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Folic Acid Affects Iron Status in Female Rats with Deficiency of These Micronutrients

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-019-01888-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 551-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Suliburska ◽

Katarzyna Skrypnik ◽

Agata Chmurzyńska

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Iron Status ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Study Group ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Iron And Folic Acid

Abstract Although simultaneous supplementation with iron and folic acid is justified, the potential interactions between these micronutrients are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oral iron and folic acid, administered together or separately, on iron concentration in tissues in rats with a deficiency of both these micronutrients. In the first stage of the experiment (28 days), 150 8-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group (C; n = 30) fed the standard diet and to a study group (n = 120) fed a diet deficit in iron and folate. The study group was then randomly divided to four groups: D group fed a deficit diet, FE group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate, the FOL group fed a deficit diet with folate acid, and the FEFOL group fed a deficit diet with iron gluconate and folate acid. After 2, 10, and 21 days of supplementation, ten animals from each group were killed. Morphological parameters were measured in whole blood. Iron concentration was assayed in serum, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, and kidneys. Folic acid supplementation more significantly decreased iron concentrations in the pancreas and spleen than in the D group after 10 and 21 days of supplementation. Moreover, the combination of iron with folic acid markedly decreased iron levels in the liver and spleen, in comparison with iron alone, after 10 and 21 days of the experiment. In conclusion, folic acid affects iron status in female rats deficient in these micronutrients in moderate and long-term supplementation.

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The lesion detection efficacy of deep learning on automatic breast ultrasound and factors affecting its efficacy: a pilot study

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20210438 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Luo PhD ◽

Min Xu ◽

Guoxue Tang ◽

Yi Wang PhD ◽

Na Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Breast Tissue ◽

Test Group ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Breast Ultrasound ◽

Lesion Detection ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Handheld Ultrasound

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the detection efficacy of deep learning (DL) for automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) and factors affecting its efficacy. Methods: Women who underwent ABUS and handheld ultrasound from May 2016 to June 2017 (N = 397) were enrolled and divided into training (n = 163 patients with breast cancer and 33 with benign lesions), test (n = 57) and control (n = 144) groups. A convolutional neural network was optimised to detect lesions in ABUS. The sensitivity and false positives (FPs) were evaluated and compared for different breast tissue compositions, lesion sizes, morphologies and echo patterns. Results: In the training set, with 688 lesion regions (LRs), the network achieved sensitivities of 93.8%, 97.2 and 100%, based on volume, lesion and patient, respectively, with 1.9 FPs per volume. In the test group with 247 LRs, the sensitivities were 92.7%, 94.5 and 96.5%, respectively, with 2.4 FPs per volume. The control group, with 900 volumes, showed 0.24 FPs per volume. The sensitivity was 98% for lesions > 1 cm3, but 87% for those ≤1 cm3 (p < 0.05). Similar sensitivities and FPs were observed for different breast tissue compositions (homogeneous, 97.5%, 2.1; heterogeneous, 93.6%, 2.1), lesion morphologies (mass, 96.3%, 2.1; non-mass, 95.8%, 2.0) and echo patterns (homogeneous, 96.1%, 2.1; heterogeneous 96.8%, 2.1). Conclusions: DL had high detection sensitivity with a low FP but was affected by lesion size. Advances in knowledge: DL is technically feasible for the automatic detection of lesions in ABUS.

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Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012000800004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 537-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽

Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽

Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽

Gilson Teles Boaventura

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

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Pharmacological correction of pathological changes in the viable offspring of rats, caused by cytostatic impact at the stage of progenesis

Siberian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-1-79-85 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

T. G. Borovskaya ◽

M. E. Poluektova ◽

А. V. Vychuzhanina ◽

Yu. А. Shchemerovа ◽

V. E. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Cytostatic Drug ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Reproductive Aged Women ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Background. The number of reproductive-aged women with cancer, who desire child bearing, has increased with improvements in cancer detection and treatment. Cancer treatments have the potential to cause germline mutations that might increase the risk of cancer in the progeny of cancer patients. the aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of reducing the long-term side effects of Etoposide on the progeny of rats using Glutaxim. material and methods. Forty-five white outbred female Wistar rats, 2.5-month-old, were divided into 3 groups. Group I consisted of 15 intact rats. Group II comprised 15 rats treated with cytostatic drug (the control group). Group III consisted of 15 rats treated with Glutoxim® (Glutayil-Cysteinyl-Glycine, Pharma Vam Ltd., Russia) at a dose of 50 μg/kg 5 days before and 5 days after receiving cytostatic drug. results. An increase in the number of fetuses with external hemorrhages and pathological changes in internal organs was found in the progeny of female rats receiving Etoposide 3 months before mating. The progeny experienced a decrease in the rate of formation of sensory-motor reflexes, ability to learn and adaptive behavior. All studied parameters did not differ from background values in the progeny of female rats treated with combination of Etoposide and Glutoxim. conclusion. Glutaxim is the effective drug for correction of pathological changes in the progeny of female rats receiving cytostatic drugs.

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EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND CURCUMIN TREATMENTS ON THE OVARIUM IN KIDNEY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR ◽

10.46648/gnj.276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (15) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Ayşe Köse Vuruşkan ◽

Nur ELAGÜL ◽

Tansel SAPMAZ ◽

Sude TOPKARAOĞLU

Keyword(s):

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Group I ◽

Vascular Congestion ◽

Reperfusion Period ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Aim: We aimed to investigate how bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage affects the ovaries as a distant organ and the effects of melatonin (MEL), curcumin (CUR) and melatonin+curcumin (MEL+CUR) treatments on I/R damage. Material and Method: 42 female Wistar rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into 6 groups and study was designed as follows: Control group (G1) – opening and closing the abdomen only (sham surgery group) –, I/R group (G2) – 45 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion –, I/R+MEL group (G3) – 45 min ischemia, intraperitoneal (i.p) 20 mg/kg MEL injection 5 min before reperfusion, followed by 2 h reperfusion –, I/R+CUR group (G4) – 45 min ischemia, 5 min before reperfusion i.p 200 mg/kg CUR injection and then 2 hours reperfusion –, I/R+MEL+CUR group (G5) – 45 min ischemia, 5 min before reperfusion i.p 20 mg/kg MEL and 200 mg/kg CUR injection, followed by 2 hours reperfusion –. At the end of the reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Right ovaries were removed from the peritoneum and fixed. After fixation and follow-up, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin&eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)+Hematoxylin (PAS+H) and Masson’s trichrome stains. Pathological changes were scored and statistically evaluated. Results: Compared to the control group, there was a decrease in hemorrhage, vascular congestion, follicular degeneration, inflammation, interstitial edema, vasodilation and growing follicle numbers in all groups; these changes were severe in the G2 group; Mild to moderate severity was observed in the G3, G4 and G5 groups. Conclusion: Renal I/R damage significantly affects the ovaries histopathologically. MEL, CUR, and MEL+CUR partially preserve the histological structure, but MEL treatment seems to be more effective than CUR treatment.

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Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats and Its Implication

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2021.2662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 841-846

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Yufang Zhang ◽

Fuping Li ◽

Yufen Shi ◽

Yan Wang

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

Control Group ◽

Vaginal Smear ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female endocrine disorder and frequently leads to infertility. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has crucial roles and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is correlated with cell migration. Both of them are involved in the occurrence and progression of PCOS. This study established a rat PCOS model using letrozole to measure the expression of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (MMP-2/9), to analyze its correlation with PCOS. Letrozole was applied by gavage to establish rat PCOS model. General condition and ovarian tissue morphology were observed under a light field microscope. ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect serum or tissue expression of VEGF, MMP-2/9. Estrous cycle of rats was disrupted after 12 d for using letrozole. Vaginal smear showed abundant leukocytes with sparse keratinocytes. Ovary showed whitening and increased volume, with early phase small follicles plus lower granular cells or corpus luteum. Compared to control group, experimental group had significantly higher VEGF, MMP-2/9 (P < 0.05), which were higher in antral follicles than those in preantral follicle with higher expressions than primordial follicle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, VEGF, MMP-2/9 are abundantly expressed in both serum and tissues of PCOS rats.

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The effect of chronic nitric oxide inhibition on vascular reactivity and blood pressure in pregnant rats

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31801999000500004 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 117 (5) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nilton Hideto Takiuti ◽

Maria Helena Cetelli Carvalho ◽

Soubhi Kahhale ◽

Dorothy Nigro ◽

Hermes Vieira Barbeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Nitric Oxide Inhibition ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Main Component ◽

Oxide Inhibition

CONTEXT: The exact mechanism involved in changes in blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance during pregnancy is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the importance of endothelium-derivated relaxing factor (EDRF) and its main component, nitric oxide, in blood pressure and vascular reactivity in pregnant rats. DESIGN: Clinical trial in experimentation animals. SETTING: University laboratory of Pharmacology. SAMPLE: Female Wistar rats with normal blood pressure, weight (152 to 227 grams) and age (90 to 116 days). INTERVENTION: The rats were divided in to four groups: pregnant rats treated with L-NAME (13 rats); pregnant control rats (8 rats); virgin rats treated with L-NAME (10 rats); virgin control rats (12 rats). The vascular preparations and caudal blood pressure were obtained at the end of pregnancy, or after the administration of L-NAME in virgin rats. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The caudal blood pressure and the vascular response to acetylcholine in pre-contracted aortic rings, both with and without endothelium, and the effect of nitric oxide inhibition, Nw-L-nitro-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME), in pregnant and virgin rats. The L-NAME was administered in the drinking water over a 10-day period. RESULTS: The blood pressure decreased in pregnancy. Aortic rings of pregnant rats were more sensitive to acetylcholine than those of virgin rats. After L-NAME treatment, the blood pressure increased and relaxation was blocked in both groups. The fetal-placental unit weight of the L-NAME group was lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation sensitivity was greater in pregnant rats and that blood pressure increased after L-NAME administration while the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation response was blocked.

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Effect of Topical Liposomes Containing Paromomycin Sulfate in the Course of Leishmania major Infection in Susceptible BALB/c Mice

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01319-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 2259-2265 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Mahmoud R. Jaafari ◽

Neda Bavarsad ◽

Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz ◽

Afshin Samiei ◽

Dina Soroush ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Major ◽

Mouse Skin ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Permeation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pm 10 ◽

Franz Diffusion Cells

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of topical liposomal paromomycin sulfate (PM) in Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice. Liposomes containing 10 or 15% PM (Lip-PM-10 and Lip-PM-15, respectively) were prepared by the fusion method and were characterized for their size and encapsulation efficiency. The penetration of PM from the liposomal PM formulations (LPMFs) through and into skin was evaluated in vitro with Franz diffusion cells fitted with mouse skin at 37°C for 8 h. The in vitro permeation data showed that almost 15% of the LPMFs applied penetrated the mouse skin, and the amount retained in the skin was about 60% for both formulations. The 50% effective doses of Lip-PM-10 and Lip-PM-15 against L. major promastigotes in culture were 65.32 and 59.73 μg/ml, respectively, and those against L. major amastigotes in macrophages were 24.64 and 26.44 μg/ml, respectively. Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15 was used topically twice a day for 4 weeks to treat L. major lesions on BALB/c mice, and the results showed a significantly (P < 0.001) smaller lesion size in the mice in the treated groups than in the mice in the control group, which received either empty liposomes or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Eight weeks after the beginning of the treatment, every mouse treated with LPMFs was completely cured. The spleen parasite burden was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in mice treated with Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15 than in mice treated with PBS or control liposomes, but no significant difference was seen between the two groups treated with either Lip-PM-10 or Lip-PM-15. The results suggest that topical liposomal PM may be useful for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA EXTRACT ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS MODEL

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38308 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 66-68

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD RUSDA

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Objective: To assess the antifungal effect of Nigella sativa extract on female Wistar rats vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods: This was an analytic study that assess the therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa in rats’ vulvovaginal candidiasis model. The subjects were 28 rats that had been inoculated with Candida albicans and divided into 4 groups: control group (G1), fluconazole group (G2), Nigella sativa group (G3) and combination of Nigella sativa with fluconazole group (G4). Candida albicans colony was measured to assess the therapeutic effect of the treatment. Results: There were no difference number of Candida albicans colony between all group before inoculation (p = 0,274) and after inoculation (p = 0,323). There were a significant decreased number of Candida albicans colony on the 72 h after the treatment between the three types of treatment with the control group (Nigella sativa group p = 0,002; Fluconazole group p = 0,001; Nigella sativa+fluconazole p = 0,001) Conclusion: Nigella sativa has a potential antifungal effect by reducing the number of Candida albicans colonies.

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Stimulation of innate immunity in newborn kids againstCryptosporidium parvuminfection-challenge by intranasal/per-oral administration of liposomal formulation of N-L18-norAbu-GMDP adjuvant

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182005007924 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 131 (5) ◽

pp. 601-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. TURÁNEK ◽

A. KAšNÁ ◽

B. KOUDELA ◽

M. LEDVINA ◽

A. D. MILLER

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Control Group ◽

Strong Reduction ◽

Liposomal Preparation ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Oral Inoculation ◽

Coccidian Parasites ◽

Per Oral ◽

Stimulation Of

The effects of a liposomal preparation of lipophilic immunomodulator β-D-GlcNstearoyl-(1-4)-norMurNAc-L-Abu-D-isoGln (N-L18-norAbu-GMDP) were investigated on resistance toCryptosporidium parvuminfection in neonatal kids. The liposomal preparation was administered subcutaneously or intranasally/orally (i.n./p.o.) twice at doses of 100 μg, 200 μg, or 1000 μg per kid pre-infection challenge. The treatment schemes were (i) 72 and 24 h pre-infection challenge, (ii) 24 h pre-infection challenge and 24 h post-infection challenge (oral inoculation with 1×107oocysts ofC. parvumin 5 ml of PBS). Administration of liposomal N-L18-norAbu-GMDP by i.n./p.o. route at the cumulative dose of 2000 μg per kid 72 and 24 h pre-infection challenge, lead to substantially increased clearance of coccidian parasites from various parts of the intestine. On the basis of histological examination, the distribution of cryptosporidia in the intestine and the severity of the infection, treated kids were classified on day 5 as having a strong reduction in infection in comparison to the control group (P<0·05). No cryptosporidia were found on the mucosal surface of treated kids by day 10, while the intestines of the control kids were still infected. All doses and routes of administration were judged effective with respect to suppression of cryptosporidia infections.

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