scholarly journals THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CULTURAL OTHER IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S STORY «KARAIN: A MEMORY»

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Ірина Сенчук
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
Image Building ◽  
National Stereotypes

Aim. The article aims at examining Joseph Conrad’s vision of the Malay region and its image building forces in his story «Karain: A Memory» (1897), which articulates the representation of some late 19th-century social and cultural constructs of the Other and becomes a part of literary dialogue between East and West. Methods. An imagological approach and the strategies of cultural studies are applied in the article to highlight how Conrad’s story «Karain: A Memory» is used to assert the Other’s cultural identity, constructing and deconstructing some national stereotypes and cultural prejudices of the period. Results. The idea is that the fictional world of the Malayan Archipelago as reconstructed by Conrad through the narrative of «Karain: A Memory» contributes to the meanings attached to the image of the Malays (that is national characterisation) and serves as a medium in the accumulative Western construction of the East and the cultural Other. Scientific novelty. There has been made an attempt to prove that Conrad’s works demonstrate the complex manner of textual representations in which nineteenth-century cultural assumptions, concerning European civilization and colonial periphery, are simultaneously revived and challenged. The practical significance. The article may serve for the further research of the cultural Other and its representation in the English literature. Key words: cultural Other, national stereotypes, cultural identity, colonial discourse, Joseph Conrad.

MULTICULTURALISM BY CONRAD-EMIGRANT

2019 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Olena Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Multicultural Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
English Society ◽  
Almost All

The article is devoted to the problem of the multiculturalism by Joseph Conrad, the English writer and the world classic of the 20th century, who, due to the preservation of his Polish national-cultural identity, and by estrangement from this identity in his artistic consciousness, was able to influence the intellectual and artistic atmosphere in England of his times. In this way, the Polish identity became a background for Conrad’s artistic creativity, and at the same time, universal values and criteria were the key to the successful acculturation in English society in its one of the most effective strategies – the integration strategy. In this case Conrad acquired another national-cultural identity, English, – while retaining his native, Polish. Undoubtedly, one of the most important issues touched by almost all researchers is his arrival in English literature, a Pole in origin, who only arrived in England in the twenty-first year, actually emigrating, and for a very short time becaming a venerable writer. It should be noted that, taking into account the peculiarities of English mentality, the task was rather uneasy. All this undoubtedly led to the development of a variety of approaches to understanding the creative personality and rich heritage of Joseph Conrad. Foreign literary and critical academic circles, which introduced the concept of «new English literature» (meaning the post-colonial period), do not take into account such figures of the English literary process as Joseph Conrad, whose work falls out of its chronological framework, and indicates that multicultural literature appeared on the approaches to the twentieth century. However, only nowadays it was possible that such an approach was based on the principles of multiculturalism, that is, the phenomenon justified in the 90s of the XX century, although, as the majority of scholars testify, it existed for a long time in cultural studies, literary criticism, art history and philosophy. We have chosen this approach. The research is devoted to the study of the problems of national-cultural identity by Joseph Conrad, as well as the mechanism of his acculturation in the conditions of emigration.

Brendan Behan's Borstal Boy: Politics in the Vernaculars

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Schrank
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Autobiographical Fiction ◽  
Literature And Language

This essay examines the political uses to which Behan puts language in his autobiographical fiction, Borstal Boy, both as an instrument of domination and a means of liberation. Identifying Standard English language and literature as important components of the British imperial project, Behan creates, as a linguistic alternative, ‘englishes’, a composite language in which differences of geography, class, age, education, and occupation create a demotic speech of great variability and expressive force. In so doing, Behan sabotages the cultural assumptions and justifications for colonial exploitation embedded and validated in Standard English literature and language.

scholarly journals Ethnizität, Differenz und Hybridität in der Migration

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (120) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kien Nghi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
German Society ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Hybrid Culture ◽  
Anglo American

German society, nowadays, is marked by postcolonial immigration. This article tries to reconstruct ethnicity as historically based cultural identity that is not only open to the narration of collective experiences, but also to the recognition of difference, ambivalence, and change. These terms are also key-concepts in the post-colonial discourse of Anglo-American Cultural Studies, when culture and identity are discussed. Without the security of essentialist guarantee, but with the notion of ethnicity, that is devoted to different voices, the post-colonial critique tries to conceive of a political strategy, where marginalization is revalorised and the hybrid culture of the „borderlands” is promoted.

scholarly journals Colonial discourse in the novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov “White ship” expressed through dichotomy

Keruen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Arukenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Different Levels

This article explores a novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov mostly famous under the title «White ship» regarding the semantic layers encoded in a dichotomy inherent in the mentality of Middle Asia ethnic groups. Texts created in Soviet times by representatives of Turkic culture on the border of a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle still need proper interpretation in terms of colonial discourse and a strategy for encoding meanings in the era of ideological censorship. The novel of Chinghiz Aitmatov has been analyzed in the article with use of literary psychoanalysis and intertextuality, the semantic layers of the work are considered in the aspect of ontological dichotomy. This paper traces how the author realizes his plan by contrasting mythological thinking and the colonial repressive system. The article reveals the function of the motive of fatherlessness and orphan hood, common in the works of Soviet authors and explores the role of the cruel state-superego-father, which destroy cultural identity and the spiritual origin of ethnos, replacing them with unification and facelessness. The mixture of subject and object, live and dead, past and future in the story form dichotomies of different levels and order, breaking the vacuum of the present: an orphaned boy without name, his grandfather as if from the mythological past, the white ship and a fairy tale without end.

Reinscribing Orientalism: Gendering Modernity in Colonial Malaya

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Philip Holden
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Subject Formation ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Life World ◽  
Colonial Modernity ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Discursive Strategy

AbstractThe conceptual framework of Said's Orientalism has been extensively applied in colonial discourse analysis to reveal the binary oppositions which structure the life world of the colonizer. Said's work, however, is perhaps most suggestive in its illumination of subject formation in colonial modernity in its broadest sense. This paper reads three colonial literary texts by Joseph Conrad, Hugh Clifford and Lim Boon Keng to show how a gendered modern subjectivity created in Orientalist discourse might be refurbished by the colonized, and form the basis for a proto-nationalist subjectivity through the application of the powerful and yet compromised discursive strategy of "auto-Orientalism."

Teaching Literature under the Volcano

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1526
Author(s):  
Anaya-Ferreira Nair María
Keyword(s):  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Mexican Culture ◽  
National University ◽  
Under The Volcano ◽  
Education In Mexico ◽  
The University

I Have Been Teaching Literatures in English for Over Twenty-Five Years at the Universidad Nacional AutóNoma de México (Unam), Mexico's national university, where I received my undergraduate degree. My formative years were marked, undoubtedly, by the universalist ideal that defines the motto of the university, “Por mi raza hablará el espíritu” (“The spirit will speak on behalf of my race”). I cannot recall whether I was aware of the motto's real meaning, or of its cultural and social implications, but I suppose I took for granted that what I was taught as a student was as much part of a Mexican culture as it was of a “universal” one. Reading English literature at the department of modern languages and literatures in the late 1970s meant that I was exposed to a canonical view of literature shaped as much by The Oxford Anthology of English Literature and by our lecturers' (primarily) aesthetic approach to it as by the idea of “universal” literature conveyed in the textbooks for elementary and secondary education in Mexico. This conviction that as a Mexican I belonged to “Western” civilization greatly diminished when in the early 1980s I traveled to London for graduate studies and was almost shattered by the attitudes I encountered while conducting my doctoral research on the image of Latin America in British fiction. I was often asked whether I had ever seen a car (let alone ridden in one), or if there was electricity in my country, and the ambivalent, mostly negative, view of Latin Americans and Mexicans in what I read (authors like Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, Graham Greene, and Aldous Huxley, as well as more than three hundred adventure novels set in the continent) forced me to question the idea that one ought to read literature merely for the enjoyment (and admiration) of it or to analyze it with assumptions that fall roughly in the category of “expressive,” or “mimetic,” criticism, which was common in those days and often took the form of monographic studies, which relied heavily on paraphrase.

scholarly journals Kreyol Intertextuality and Decolonizing Narrative in Veillées noires

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Kevin Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Entire Collection

This essay identifies three levels of intertextuality in the short story, “Echec et mat” by Léon-Gontran Damas. Incorporating folkloric tales, lyrics from popular music, and 19th Century satiric writing in Kreyol, “Echec et mat” offers a microcosm of the intertextual techniques employed throughout the entire collection, Veillées noires. In particular, I analyze Damas’s embedding of a satire written and published in Kreyol by Guadeloupean author Paul Baudot. While this Kreyol satire—written by a white béké author from the mid-19th Century—is ambiguous politically, and must be determined by musical and folkloric references, Damas nevertheless signals the importance of earlier Caribbean writing in Kreyol. Such writing co-exists with other forms of cultural production and is part of the reservoir from which Damas draws to assemble his complex anti-colonial discourse. These intertextual traces reveal a cultural identity that is plural as well as anti-colonial.

scholarly journals Features of Ukrainian identity representation in “TikTok” social media

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
K. Kysliuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Identity Representation

The purpose of article is to determine the features of the representation of Ukrainian identity in “TikTok” social media. The methodology. Through a specially account created by the author, a qualitative content­analysis of the videos in the TOP­50 Ukrainian blogs and a search for videos on the most popular Ukrainian studies tags had been conducted. The results of the case had been compared with the data obtained by the author in the process of researching other popular in Ukraine social media and networks — Instagram, Facebook, Telegram. The results. “TikTok” had been defined not only as a dynamic and entertaining social media, but also as an increasingly active socio­political actor. It has been established that, unlike other social media and networks, “TikTok” broadcasts Ukrainian identity simultaneously at the civic­political, linguistic­cultural and ethnically charged levels. The most socially significant practices of spreading the actual, linguistic and cultural identity of Ukrainians have been identified. These are: а) the practices of using in network activity only Ukrainian language; b) practices of conscious popularization of the Ukrainian language through the shooting of special videos. It had been shown that, on the other hand, the most widespread level of civic and political identity in “TikTok” is marked by a not favorable attitude to one’s own national and state affiliation. This is a consequence of inefficient socio­economic modernization of the country in recent decades. The topicality. This is the first attempt of not popular, but scientific research of “TikTok” as an active socio­political actor in Ukraine. The practical significance. The information contained in this article may be useful for teaching the various courses, for the scholars, researchers of Ukrainian culture.

scholarly journals Personal resilience to socio-cultural threats in the context of digital transformation of society

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 142-168
Author(s):  
P. A. Kislyakov ◽  
I.-L. S. Meyerson ◽  
E. A. Shmeleva ◽  
M. O. Aleksandrovich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Personal Resilience ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The digital transformation of society determines the presence of socio-cultural threats and risks, which are associated with the instability of the value system of the individual and the distortion of socio-cultural identity as a result thereof. Today, we can observe various violations of the processes of socio-cultural identification, which threaten the psychological security of the individual and the security of both society and the state. Overcoming threats to socio-cultural identity through the choice of productive strategies is possible due to such personality traits as psychological stability, the ability to counteract risks, formed on the basis of social norms, ethnicity, patriotism, and critical thinking.The aim of the present research is to identify the psychological factors and mechanisms that ensure the formation of personal resilience to sociocultural threats in the context of digital transformation of society.Methodology and research methods. The current research is based on the theory of digital socialisation of the individual, socio-cultural identity, as well as on the theory of socio-psychological security. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: “Scale of subjective well-being” (Perrudel-Badoux, Mendelsohn, Chiche, adaptation by M. V. Sokolova), “Definition of socio-cultural identity” (modified version by Krupenko O. V., Frolova O. V.), “Questionnaire of moral grounds” (MFQ) (J. Haidt et al., in adaptation by O. A. Sychev et al.), “Index of self-assessment of information skills” (Voynilov Y. L., Maltseva D. V., Shubina L. V., in the author’s modification), “Index of socio-cultural security of a teenager” (Scale of virtual autism) (by Gilemkhanova E. N.), and the questionnaire of perception of socio-cultural threats to the digital transformation of society developed by the authors. The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis (principal component analysis, Varimax rotation), and Spearman correlation analysisResults and scientific novelty. The study showed that students in general have a sufficient level (above average) of socio-cultural identity, critical thinking when working with information, moral norms of loyalty and respect for the authorities, as well as students demonstrate psychological well-being and a low level of virtual autism. Students see the greatest threat in threats to the individual (reduction of live interpersonal communication and withdrawal from the real world; growth of aggression, cyberbullying; growth of information stress) and the state (growth of cybercrime and cyberterrorism). Three factors of social risk of digital transformation of society were highlighted: ethno-cultural risks, antisocial risks, cognitive and communication risks. Three psychological mechanisms were identified that allow an individual to maintain resilience to socio-cultural threats in the context of digital transformation of society: the mechanism of social tolerance (vs alarmism, vs racism), the mechanism of conformity (social adaptation), and the mechanism of psychological protection (coping).Practical significance. The identified psychological factors and mechanisms allow the programmes for psychological and pedagogical support of students to be developed and implemented.

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