scholarly journals Isotope-geochemical investigation of glacio-nival systems of the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountain massif (Western Mongolia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Bantsev ◽  
D. A. Ganyushkin ◽  
A. A. Ekaykin ◽  
K. V. Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Western Mongolia ◽  
Apparent Thickness ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Geochemical Investigation ◽  
Isotope Content ◽  
Made In

Results of investigation of glacio-nival systems made in the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountains (Western Mongolia) are presented in the paper. Average content of δ18О in the Tsagan-Us river water amounts to 17.44‰ that is almost equal to the isotope content in the clear glacier runoff near the edge of the Kozlov Glacier (−17.43‰). It means that the isotope content in water doesn’t significantly change over a distance of 30 km along the Tsagan-Us river. Hence, it appears that for this distance the river has no additional non-glacial feed. The magnitude 17.4±0.1‰ can be considered as the average content of isotopes in the glacio-nival system in the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola mountain massif. This value can also be the precipitation-weighted average isotope content in the solid precipitations which are accumulated in glaciers of this massif. Seasonal isotope fluctuations are partly preserved in the snow-firn mass in the accumulation area of the Kozlov Glacier. A rate of annual accumulation was estimated by multiplying the apparent thickness (160 cm) of an annual layer into the snow density. According to our observations, it is equal to 800 mm w.e./year during 2013–2014. Accumulation is increased due to the wind and avalanche transportation of snow. During the ablation season, summer and spring snowfalls over the Kozlov Glacier area melt. Thus, it is possible to suppose that the autumn snowfalls play the important role in the accumulation. We may also suppose that the main source of the moisture for the Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola massif is located somewhere in the Inner Asia.

First glaciological investigations at Ridge B, central East Antarctica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Ekaykin ◽  
Alexey V. Bolshunov ◽  
Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov ◽  
Mirko Scheinert ◽  
Lutz Eberlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Antarctica ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Deep Drilling ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
First Results ◽  
Vostok Station ◽  
Water Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Content ◽  
Firn Core

Abstract The region of Ridge B in central East Antarctica is one of the last unexplored parts of the continent and, at the same time, ranks among the most promising places to search for Earth's oldest ice. In January 2020, we carried out the first scientific traverse from Russia's Vostok Station to the topographical dome of Ridge B (Dome B, 3807 m above sea level, 79.02°S, 93.69°E). The glaciological programme included continuous snow-radar profiling and geodetic positioning along the traverse's route, installation of snow stakes, measurements of snow density, collection of samples for stable water isotope and chemical analyses and drilling of a 20 m firn core. The first results of the traverse show that the surface mass balance at Dome B (2.28 g cm−2 year−1) is among the lowest in Antarctica. The firn temperature below the layer of annual variations is −58.1 ± 0.2°C. A very low value of heavy water stable isotope content (-58.2‰ for oxygen-18) was discovered at a distance of 170 km from Vostok Station. This work is the first step towards a comprehensive reconnaissance study of the Ridge B area aimed at locating the best site for future deep drilling for the oldest Antarctic ice.

scholarly journals An Estimation of Buoyancy Flux for a Mixture of Turbulence and Double Diffusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Inoue ◽  
Hidekatsu Yamazaki ◽  
Fabian Wolk ◽  
Tokihiro Kono ◽  
Jiro Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Buoyancy Flux ◽  
Water Region ◽  
Microstructure Measurements ◽  
Turner Angle ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Mixed Water ◽  
Made In

Abstract Microstructure measurements were made in the Mixed Water Region of the Oyashio/Kuroshio/Tsugaru currents system where both turbulence and double diffusion are involved in mixing. While intense turbulence is observed near the front between the Oyashio and the Tsugaru Current, double diffusion occupies a noticeable fraction in both the Tsugaru Water and the Mixed Water between the Oyashio and the Kuroshio. After determining a criterion to distinguish double diffusion from turbulence, vertical diffusivities and buoyancy fluxes are estimated using microstructure data. When turbulence is weak, double diffusion is observed around temperature and salinity anomalies, partly due to interleaving, and dominates the buoyancy flux. Vertical diffusivities due to double diffusion are parameterized as a function of the 10-m-scale density ratio. The 10-m-scale diffusivity estimates are consistent with the microstructure data when an appropriate criterion to reproduce a probability density function for the Turner angle is applied. A weighted-average diffusivity model is proposed to account properly for turbulence and double diffusion simultaneously.

scholarly journals Relationships among sensory analysis, isoflavone and hexanal contents of soymilk powder

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josemeyre Bonifácio da Silva ◽  
Ilana Felberg ◽  
Mercedes Concórdia Carrão-Panizzi ◽  
Soo Young Lee ◽  
Sandra Helena Prudencio
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Cotton Candy ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Made In

The objective of this work was to study the sensory attributes and their relationships with isoflavones and hexanal contents of soymilks made in laboratory and commercial samples. The laboratory soymilk samples showed cooked grain and cotton candy aroma and cooked grain, malty and sweetness flavor (a mild flavor). The commercial samples presented stronger roasted soy, rancid, sesame seeds and fishy aroma and roasted soy, sesame seeds and bitterness flavor, and bitter taste (closed nose) and starchy texture. No differences were noted among laboratory soymilks, denoting inactivation of lipoxygenases enzymes in the soymilks process. There were differences between the samples prepared in laboratory and commercial soymilks, which was due to several factors related to processing techniques. The hexanal average content was positively associated with the cooked grain aroma and isoflavones was positively associated with the cooked grain and cotton candy aroma, cooked grain, malty and sweetness flavor and starchy texture.

Operational analysis of the spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of the snowpack water equivalent in southern Québec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turcotte ◽  
L.-G. Fortin ◽  
V. Fortin ◽  
J.-P. Fortin ◽  
J.-P. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Made In

A technique for obtaining an operational regional analysis of the temporal evolution of the snowpack water equivalent in southern Québec (Canada) is proposed and implemented on a 0.1° grid. The technique combines the output of the snowpack model included in the HYDROTEL hydrological model, forced by observed temperatures and precipitations, with observed snow survey data. A strategy based on observed snow density, snowpack water equivalent and streamflow is used for model calibration. A comparison of various calibration strategies showed that the same model parameters can be used for the whole of southern Québec. It was also shown that, for operational purposes, it is sufficient to rely solely on automatic stations and to use 3 h time steps. Because snow surveys are made in deciduous forests, model parameters were adjusted to account for open areas and coniferous trees by comparing observed and simulated streamflow, using all components of the hydrological model. An assimilation technique which updates simulated water equivalent and snow density at grid points from the available snow survey data completes the operational system. An example of spring streamflow simulated using the proposed snow analysis illustrates the usefulness of the technique.

scholarly journals Thermal Expansibility of 310S Steel-Based PVD Coating in Presence of Metastable Phase

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kucharska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Bcc Phase ◽  
Applied Coating ◽  
Made In

The paper discusses the examination of the thermal expansibility of a coating composed of the austenitic steel 310S using the X-ray diffraction technique. Temperature measurements were made in the temperature interval of Tamb200°C, in which the transition of the metastable bcc phase forming the as-applied coating into an fcc-type phase occurred in the coating. The values of the coefficients of thermal expansion of both phases were determined by using the weighted average of the intensities of diffraction reflections recorded. The values of the coefficients of thermal expansion of both phases within the entire examination range (Tamb200°C), determined as the weighed averages with the weight allowing for the intensities of individual reflections, were found to be, respectively, 0.910-5 K-1 for the bcc phase and 1.510-5 K-1 for the fcc phase, and by approx. 0.110-5 K-1 lower than the values typical of the phases of austenite and ferrite in conventional steels.

Quelques facteurs de variation de la teneur en calcium des laits de vaches

1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Par P. Auriol ◽  
G. Mocquot
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Average Figure

SummaryA study was made of the effect of various factors which may influence the calcium content of milk. The basic data consisted of the calcium content of 20840 samples of individual milks, taken once a month, during the course of 2300 lactations of Montbeliarde cows. For each lactation, a weighted average figure for the calcium concentration was calculated, taking into account the milk quantities recorded on each sampling day. The calcium content has been expressed in g/kg of milk.The stage of lactation caused significant variations in calcium content mainly during the first month and the last three months. Expressed as percentages of the arithmetic mean for the whole lactation period, these variations were always within the limits —4 to +8% (Fig. 1).The season of calving did not greatly affect the weighted lactational average content of calcium but caused some important changes in the average value with advancing lactation (Fig. 2). The minimum values were always observed in July, whatever the month of calving (Fig. 3).The age of the cow, as well as the age at first calving (Table 1), had very small effects on the calcium content.

scholarly journals Physical and Geochemical Investigation of Cross River Sand at Ozizza, Ndibe, Kpoghirikpo and Unwana, Afikpo-North Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Christian Okonkwo ◽  
Agha Ndukwe ◽  
Mbabuike Ikenna ◽  
Humphery Okoro ◽  
Imah Adindu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Geochemical Property ◽  
Geochemical Investigation ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Made In

High strength, high hardness and very tough engineering material derived from geologically occurring minerals and processed into a tool that rubs or wears off by friction is regarded as an abrasive. Abrasives are produced in different forms and shapes and they afford good opportunities for precision scraping away or machining. In this empirical paper, effort is made in establishing a case for the production of abrasive tools that are formulated with silicon carbide and aluminium oxide as catalytic raw materials. These are locally found in the researchers’ locality a place that has many geological deposits of solid minerals. At each of Ozizza, Ndibe, Kpoghirikpo and Unwana beaches, eleven samples of sand were collected at random locations from the Cross River that is flowing through Ozizza down to Unwana for physical and geochemical investigation to determine its suitability for abrasive making. Sand at the four locations were subjected to physical and geochemical investigation. Generally, the sand was physically characterized by bright colours of white, brown and yellow. Some samples at some locations contained dark specks of organic matter. From the distribution, the sand is generally of medium grade size as shown by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Geochemically by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the oxide contents are: SiO2 (91.73%), CaO (0.045%), Al2O3 (4.24%), Fe2O3 (1.36%), TiO2 (0.21%), K2O (0.86%). The silica content (91.73%) of the sand is well above the industrial specification of 80% for sanitary ware making and suitable for the silica brick industry, for road dressing mixed with special asphalt. The physical and geochemical property results indicate that the sand is a good material for direct use in abrasive (sand paper and sand blasting).making, glass making and in the building and construction industries.

Revised ground snow loads for the 1990 National Building Code of Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Newark ◽  
L. E. Welsh ◽  
R. J. Morris ◽  
W. V. Dnes
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Snow Loads ◽  
Made In

The last systematic recalculation of ground snow loads in the Supplement to the National Building Code of Canada was made in 1977 and used data up to 1975. Data from three times as many stations are now available and there is also an additional 10 years of record. Using this expanded data base, ground snow loads have been recalculated for the 1990 Supplement.Several changes in methods have been utilized, the most significant of which is the use of an objective technique to estimate ground snow loads at Code (or other) locations. It explicitly incorporates an assumed dependence of the snow load on topographical elevation, and accounts for the magnitude of errors at snow depth observation sites. Other differences include (a) the use of the method of moments to fit the Gumbel extreme value distribution for the purpose of estimating the 30-year return period snow depth; (b) the use of geographically varying snow pack densities; and (c) using probabilistic rain components of the total snow load and estimating this component by use of a snow pack model.Results show an average national decrease of 6.6% in the 1990 loads compared with those in the 1985 Supplement. A regional exception is in the Northwest Territories where the use of a greater snow density has led to an average increase of about 16% in the loads. A reduction in the standard deviation about the mean load suggests a more spatially consistent set of values for the 1990 Supplement. Key words: snow, loads, building, code.

scholarly journals Customer Perception about Private Label Brands in Salem

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 963-967
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Store Loyalty ◽  
National Brands ◽  
Customer Perception ◽  
Private Label Brands ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Made In

The up scaling growth of economy not only bring changes to our environment but also have an impact on cost of living. So people become conscious about the price and quality of the product before they buy and many go for the offers and promotions made by E-Commerce sites which gives a tough competition to local retail stores also. Here the private label brands also start to capture the market share in each segment such that they are cost efficient and acts as alternative to national brands. This paper will explore the customer perception of PLB in Salem and focuses on factors such as price, quality, value, packing, store loyalty and identifies the benefits and difference between the PLB and national brands. The study was made in and aroundSalem (from April –May 2018), Tamilnaduwith the sample size of 100 with a well-structured questionnaire. Data werecollected and statistical tools like percentage analysis, weighted average analysed were used

scholarly journals Income inequality by method of non-weighted average absolute deviation: case study of Central and Eastern European countries

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Kamila Tureckova
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Average Absolute Deviation ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Made In

The presented article uses the method of non-weighted average absolute deviation for expressing income inequality in 11 selected Central and Eastern European Countries. Specifically, the analysis of income inequality is done for Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Based on the determination of income inequality in the article an analysis is made concerning the development of income inequality, including the subsequent inter-regional comparison in the context of the degree of income inequality in a given human society and economy. The text of this article is organized in 4 parts, after Introduction follows the analytic chapter where, primarily, the method of non-weighted average absolute deviation is explained. The third part contains the empirical analysis of income inequality, and the Conclusion highlights some major conclusions of detailed analysis made in Chapter 3. The analysis of income distribution of 11 European households between years 2005-2013 and its order is made in deciles basing on empirical data from the Statistics on Living Conditions and Welfare published by Eurostat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document