scholarly journals Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Mario Morales-Máximo ◽  
Carlos A. García ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
José Juan Alvarado-Flores ◽  
Borja Velázquez-Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Pinus Spp

This study shows the energy potential of pine wood waste for the production of solid biofuels, and was carried out in an indigenous community in the state of Michoacán. One of the main economic activities of this community is the production of handcrafted furniture, which generates a large amount of wood waste. The most relevant results obtained in this research show that the community generates approximately 2268 kg of sawdust and 5418 kg of shavings per week, and the estimated energy potential per year for both sawdust is 1.94 PJ and for shaving is 4.65 PJ. Based on the particle size observed, the wood residue can be used to generate pellets or briquettes. Other average results in sawdust and (shavings) are the following: initial moisture content 15.3% (16.8%), apparent density 169.23 kg/m3 (49.25 kg/m3), ash 0.43% (0.42%), volatile material 84.9% (83.60%), fixed carbon 14.65% (15.96%), hemicelluloses 12.89% (10.68%), cellulose 52.68% (52.82%), lignin 26.73% (25.98%), extractives 7.69% (10.51%), calorific value 17.6 MJ/kg (17.9 MJ/kg). The major chemical elements in the ash were Al, K. Fe, Ca, P, Na, and Mg. Finally, the results obtained indicate that this biomass can be used to generate pellets or briquettes in this indigenous community.

scholarly journals Basic chemical composition of Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 816-824
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sergio Chávez-Rosales ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽  
Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Total Extractives ◽  
Pinus Spp

The basic chemical composition and calorific value of 19 samples of pine sawdust from different forest industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Durango, Oaxaca, and Nuevo León) were determined. The results obtained ranged as follows: total extractives (6.1% to 23.4%), holocellulose (60.1% to 70.4%), lignin (20.5% to 25.8%), ash (0.27% to 0.95%), pH (4.1 to 5.3), and calorific value (20.1 MJ/kg to 21.0 MJ/kg). Except for the ash content, significant statistical differences were found according to the origin of the pine sawdust samples. Based on the results obtained, the sawdust biomass has the potential to obtain densified solid biofuels.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PROJECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS OF AGRARIAN PLANTATIONS PRUNING AND REMOVAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
S.V. Drahniev ◽  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Energy Equipment ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the work is to carry out a feasibility study of projects for the production of solid biofuels from biomass of pruning of perennial agricultural plantations for further use in boilers. Currently, this bioenergy sector is at the beginning of its development in the EU and in Ukraine, however it has quite good prospects for the future. An assessment of the energy potential of biomass obtained from pruning and removal of orchards and vineyards in Ukraine is performed. According to data of 2019, this potential is estimated at 116.2 ktoe. Though this potential is only a minor part of the total energy potential of biomass in Ukraine (23.6 Mtoe in 2019), biomass of these types is an important local fuel for the regions of its generation and can significantly reduce their dependence on traditional energy carriers. Biomass of pruning and removal of agricultural plantations can be a feedstock for chips (more often for hog fuel) or for solid biofuels of higher quality such as pellets and briquettes. Fuel properties of such solid biofuels are slightly worse than those of biofuels from forest wood or energy crops, but still high enough for the effective use in energy equipment. The main features are higher ash content and, accordingly, lower calorific value. The feasibility study of a typical project for the production of briquettes from vineyard pruning demonstrated economic viability of such projects in Ukraine. Further research in this area will lie in the feasibility study of obtaining solid biofuels from biomass of pruning and removal of orchards, as well as projects for the production of heat from such biofuels for Ukraine’s conditions.

Potential for pellet manufacturing with wood waste from construction in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzerrath Rivera-Tenorio ◽  
Roger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The construction sector in Costa Rica produces approximately 100 kg per square meter of residues, of which wood waste comprises 30%. Utilization of these wastes is still limited, but options are being sought and biomass is one of them. The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of biomass produced from wood waste from construction, its energy potential, and its appropriateness for pellet manufacturing by determining its energy, physical, and mechanical characteristics. It was found that wood waste from construction is composed of different species with densities below 0.5 g/cm3, 26% moisture content, and 10% ash content; contamination with cement and nails can reach 6%. The process of pellet manufacturing can adapt adequately to using wood waste from construction, with an efficiency or yielding of 33%. Pellets presented a calorific value of 19573 kJ/kg, a bulk density of 1.25 g/cm3, an apparent density of 700 kg/m3, a failure force in compression of 467 N, and durability of 94.28%. According to different standards, the results obtained for biomass from wood waste are within the range established for pellet quality; therefore, wood waste from construction can be used to produce pellets, despite the disadvantage of it presenting high ash content.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pinus spp needles and evaluation of their potential use for energy

CERNE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Washington Luis Esteves de Magalhães ◽  
Valcineide Tanobe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Potential Use

The demand for new energy sources is growing and awakening interest in the use of forest residues. Charcoal was prepared at carbonization temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 °C and 700 °C in order to evaluate the potential use of Pinus sp needles for energy. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of the needles and the charcoal produced were also evaluated. The needles were found to have ash content of 2.32% and gross calorific value of 20.30 MJ/kg. The calorific value increased by 45%, reaching 29.64 MJ/kg, after carbonization carried out at 600 ºC. This value is higher than that for charcoal made from eucalyptus (19.25 MJ/kg) and even coconut husks (23.55 MJ/kg), showing the high energy potential of these needles.

scholarly journals Energy Potential of Agri Residual Biomass in Southeast Asia with the Focus on Vietnam

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Denisa Beňová ◽  
Kryštof Mareš ◽  
Petr Hutla ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
Jan Banout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Residual Biomass

Southeast Asia currently faces a huge increase in energy consumption and serious environmental issues. A widely underutilized and still unexplored potential of these countries lies in residual biomass. In the present research, the production quantities and energy yields of the most abundant agricultural byproducts in Vietnam, i.e., rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, were calculated. Total crop yield, residues ratio and net calorific values of the wet basis biomass served as input parameters for the calculations. Moreover, the results were found for individual regions and provinces of the country. The findings show that the production of paddy rice straw is an enormous 97 million tons per year with an energy potential of over 380 TWh, as well as another 9 million tons yearly and 35 TWh in the case of rice husks. More than half of rice biomass production is concentrated in the Mekong River Delta region. Harvesting and processing of sugarcane annually generates about 5 million tons of bagasse and over 3.5 million tons of sugarcane trash with the total energy potential of about 27 TWh, which is primarily available in the central regions of Vietnam. The detailed laboratory determination of fuel-energy properties of studied materials, such as gross and net calorific value, volatile matter, ash and moisture content and contents of chemical elements was also carried out. Based on the research results and literature analysis, the possibilities of biofuel production and energy utilization of the above-mentioned residues are discussed.

Use of the Energy Potential of Organic Waste during its Incineration at Recycling Facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
E.S. Shirinkina ◽  
Ya.I. Vaisman ◽  
O.N. Kurilo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

To develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of the use of resource potential of organic waste, studies were carried out on the process of their thermal treatment using the example of plant manufactured by company Wellons type 2D6C8.AO. The plant is operated at one of the enterprises of the pulp and paper industry and is designed to generate process steam both by burning primary gas fuel and by using as a fuel mixture different types of organic waste (bark and wood waste, wood chips and sewage sludge). Based on the results obtained, the criteria for estimate the quality of fuel mixture: ash content (not more than 5 %), humidity (not more than 58 %), calorific value (not less than 4000 J/g), homogeneity of the component and fractional composition of the fuel mix (grain size not more than 25–50 mm) were worked out. Taking into account the developed criteria, the optimum composition of fuel mixture was determined (bark and wood waste 70–80 %, pulp and paper sludge 20–30 %, wood chips 4 %). As the main measures to reduce and stabilize the humidity of the fuel used for combustion, the introduction of dry debarking of wood, preliminary mechanical dewatering of the pulp and paper sludge, additional dosing in the main waste stream of waste formed in auxiliary industries (wooden pallets, boxes, paper scrap, etc.) is recommended. The introduction of the developed measures will prevent the disposal of waste in the environment and minimize the impact of the landfills on the geosystems.

scholarly journals Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8113
Author(s):  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Ramūnas Mieldažys ◽  
Eglė Jotautienė ◽  
Rolandas Domeika ◽  
Edvardas Vaiciukevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Oak Leaves

The article analyses and evaluates the possibilities of using oak bark, oak leaves, and their mixtures for biofuel. The preparation of this waste for the burning process (milling, granulation) has been investigated and the results have been presented together with the analysis of the prepared granules’ properties—humidity, density, strength, elemental composition, ash content, caloric value, and others. The moisture content of the oak waste granules ranged from 8.1% to 12.5%, and the granules’ density ranged from 975.8 to 1122.2 kg m−3 DM (dry matter). The amount of oak ash found was very high (from 10.4% to 14.7%)—about 10 times higher than that of wood waste granules. The calorific value determined after burning the oak bark and leaves pellets was sufficiently high, ranging from 17.3 to 17.7 MJ kg−1. This thermal value of oak waste granules was close to the calorific value of the herbaceous plant species and some types of wood waste. The environmental impact of burning the granules of oak waste was also assessed. The harmful emissions of carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons into the environment were found to be below the permissible limits for the incineration of oak waste granules. The highest CO gas concentration, determined when burning the oak leaves, was 1187.70 mg m−3, and the lowest NOx concentration, determined when burning the oak bark and leaf mixture granules, was 341.2 mg m−3. The coefficient of energy efficiency R of the granulated oak leaves biofuel, when the oak waste biomass moisture content was reduced by 10%, reached 3.64. It was very similar to the results of previous studies of various types of granulated straw biofuel (3.5–3.7). The research results presented show that, given that the main parameters of oak waste meet the basic requirements of solid biofuel, oak bark, leaves, and their mixture can be recommended to be used as solid biofuels.

scholarly journals Energy potential of wood waste from a tropical urban forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e451997478
Author(s):  
Debora Klingenberg ◽  
Adriana Maria Nolasco ◽  
Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior ◽  
Luana Candaten ◽  
Annie Karoline Lima Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wood Residue

Urban tropical forest species generate large amounts of wood waste by pruning and removing urban trees, which can be an accessible source of biomass that could be used to generate energy instead of being disposed of irregularly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for energy production of the wood residue of seven species most used in urban forestry in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, by determining the physical, chemical and energetic characteristics. Wood waste of 7 common urban forests species in the State of São Paulo were collected in the city of Piracicaba, characterized (humidity, basic density and bulk density), chemically (extract content, volatile materials, fixed carbon and ash content) and energetically (higher, lower, useful calorific power, density energy and thermogravimetric analysis). The highest value of basic density was found in the species Cenostigma pluviosum (653.76 kg/m³), ​​all species had higher calorific values ​​greater than 19 MJ/kg and the energy density of the species varied between 4.45 to 10,80 GJ/m³. The use of these wood residues for direct combustion is a viable alternative and can be considered as a solution to replace the incorrect disposal, which is still a common practice in many cities in developing countries.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican waste biomass relative to energy generation

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8529-8553
Author(s):  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽  
Nicolás González-Ortega ◽  
María Alejandra Ramírez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this work, physical and chemical analyses of 28 sawdust samples (tropical woods, pine woods, and oak woods) derived from the primary process of wood transformation and 4 samples of citrus residues were performed, as an option to make densified biofuels. The study included the determination of initial moisture, particle size distribution, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calculation of the calorific value, and ash microanalysis. The initial moisture content of the biomass samples ranged from 6.04 to 75.21%. The biomass granulometry results indicate that the highest proportion corresponds to the 1.0-mm (33.10%) (Fraction retained in mesh 0.5 mm). Other results obtained indicate the following ranges: ash content (0.27 to 6.27%), volatile matter (78.90 to 90.50%), fixed carbon (9.10 to 20.44%), carbon (49.13 to 50.78%), oxygen (42.62 to 44.49%), and hydrogen (5.24 to 6.55%). The calculated calorific value ranged from 17.65 MJ/kg to 20.72 MJ/kg. The chemical elements with the highest concentration in the biomass samples were K and Ca, followed in some cases by Al and P. The biomass with the greatest possibilities for making densified biofuels of better quality is the group of pine woods because they have low mineral content, low nitrogen content, and high calorific value.

scholarly journals Assessment of the energy potential as a solid biofuel of Sargassum spp. considering sustainability indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
C A Ávalos-Betancourt ◽  
L B López-Sosa ◽  
M Morales-Máximo ◽  
A Aguilera-Mandujano ◽  
J C Corral-Huacuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Abstract The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental impact, high accessibility, and added value for localities along the Mexican Caribbean.

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