scholarly journals Single stage catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of pretreated bio-oil

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2747-2755
Author(s):  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Hui Pu ◽  
Hongling Pan ◽  
Xiao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Different Levels

Raw bio-oil was pretreated and tested for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using three types of the commercial catalysts (HT-36, HT2300, and HT951T) to improve physio-chemical properties and enhance hydrocarbon yields. The three catalysts prompted different levels of hydrodeoxygenation, and the organic phase products (OLPs) yields were 25.30, 27.83, and 13.05 wt%, respectively. Moreover, OLPs had lower water content, total acid numbers (TAN), and O content as well as higher heating value (HHV), C, and H contents. For the three catalysts, HT-36 had the best HDO effects, resulting in 34.8% hydrocarbon production with improved HHV, water content value and TAN as well as element contents. The different level of HDO depended on the catalyst components, structure, and morphology. This research is beneficial for the selection and preparation of effective catalysts for bio-oil upgrading.

Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Regeneration of Nickel-Based Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Beech Wood Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Carriel Schmitt ◽  
María Gagliardi Reolon ◽  
Michael Zimmermann ◽  
Klaus Raffelt ◽  
Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Selectivity

Four nickel-based catalysts are synthesized by wet impregnation and evaluated for the hydrotreatment/hydrodeoxygenation of beech wood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil. Parameters such as elemental analysis, pH value, and water content, as well as the heating value of the upgraded bio-oils are considered for the evaluation of the catalysts’ activity and catalyst reuse in cycles of hydrodeoxygenation after regeneration. The reduction temperature, selectivity and hydrogen consumption are distinct among them, although all catalysts tested produce upgraded bio-oils with reduced oxygen concentration, lower water content and higher energy density. Ni/SiO2, in particular, can remove more than 50% of the oxygen content and reduce the water content by more than 80%, with low coke and gas formation. The evaluation over four consecutive hydrotreatment reactions and catalyst regeneration shows a slightly reduced hydrodeoxygenation activity of Ni/SiO2, mainly due to deactivation caused by sintering and adsorption of poisoning substances, such as sulfur. Following the fourth catalyst reuse, the upgraded bio-oil shows 43% less oxygen in comparison to the feedstock and properties comparable to the upgraded bio-oil obtained with the fresh catalyst. Hence, nickel-based catalysts are promising for improving hardwood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil properties, especially monometallic nickel catalysts supported on silica.

scholarly journals Flash co-pyrolysis of biomass with polyhydroxybutyrate: Part 1. Influence on bio-oil yield, water content, heating value and the production of chemicals

Fuel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 2523-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cornelissen ◽  
M. Jans ◽  
J. Yperman ◽  
G. Reggers ◽  
S. Schreurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

scholarly journals Microbiological, physical and chemical properties of joruk (fermented fish product) with different levels of salt concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Koesoemawardani ◽  
LULU ULYA AFIFAH ◽  
NOVITA HERDIANA ◽  
A.S. SUHARYONO ◽  
ESA GHANIM FADHALLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fermented Fish ◽  
Fish Product ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Koesoemawardani D. Afifah LU, Herdiana N, Suharyo AS, Fadhallah EG, Ali M. 2021. Microbiological, physical, and chemical properties of joruk (fermented fish product) with different levels of salt concentration. Biodiversitas 22: 132-136. Joruk is a fermented fish product originated in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of salt on the microbiological, physical and chemical properties of joruk. This research was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with treatment of salt concentrations at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (w/w). The follow-up test used the Least Significance Difference (LSD) at 5%. The result of this study showed that the addition of 10% salt produced the best joruk with the best microbiological and chemical properties as follows: total LAB of 8.75 log cfu/g, total microbes of 13.25 log cfu/g, and total mold of 4.27 log cfu/g, pH of 5.85, total lactic acid of 2.97%, Total Volatile Base (TVB) of 153.05 mgN /100g, and water content of 59.33%. Based on this study, it is concluded that the addition of salt at different concentrations significantly affects the pH, total lactic acid, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and water content of joruk.

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Brassica Carinata in an Auger Type Reactor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Sonnek ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Gregory J. Michna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata meal, or simply carinata meal, was performed in an auger-type reactor. The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this research. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicate that any reactor temperature above 500°C produces bio-oils of similar composition, although with changes in yield. In addition, the short-term aging results of the bio-oils have shown insignificant changes in total acid number, water content, and energy content.

Effect of Soil on Fast Pyrolysis Products from Pine (Pinus taeda) Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjain Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract. Detrital soil contamination during wood harvesting cannot be avoided without a further cleaning step. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Piedmont soil on pinewood pyrolysis products. Ash content was varied at 0.56%, 1.16%, 2.77%, 4.40%, 6.87%, 8.35%, and 15.52% by adding soil to woodchips to mimic the highly soil-contaminated biomass that can be found in biorefineries. This study found that bio-oil yield decreased from 47.1% to 26.3% with an increase in ash content from 0.56% to 15.52%. However, the oxygen content of the bio-oil decreased and the carbon content increased, which led to an increase in heating value from 22.5 to 24.9 MJ kg-1. Inorganics in the soil aided in the catalytic cracking and dehydration reactions for bio-oil formation. A slight increase in the total acid number (106 to 117 mg KOH g-1) and water content (20.72% to 24.99%) was observed with more soil inclusion in the pyrolysis. The effect of soil on biochar O/C and H/C ratios was minimal even though the heating value decreased with an increase in soil content. This study showed that soil (4%wt to 7%wt) in the biomass assisted in deoxygenating the bio-oil and lowered the total mass yield while keeping the total energy yield almost constant. Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, Pinewood, Pinus taeda, Soil, Thermochemical conversion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of High-Loaded Ni-Based Catalysts for Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Carriel Schmitt ◽  
Anna Zimina ◽  
Yakub Fam ◽  
Klaus Raffelt ◽  
Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Positive Effect

The catalytic activity of high-loaded Ni-based catalysts for beech wood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil hydrotreatment is compared to Ru/C. The influence of promoter, temperature, reaction time, and consecutive upgrading is investigated. The catalytic activity is addressed in terms of elemental composition, pH value, H2 consumption, and water content, while the selectivity is based on the GC-MS/FID results. The catalysts showed similar deoxygenation activity, while the highest hydrogenation activity and the highest upgraded oil yields were obtained with Ni-based catalysts. The elemental composition of upgraded oils was comparable for 2 and 4 h of reaction, and the temperature showed a positive effect for reactions with Ni–Cr and Ru/C. Ni–Cr showed superior activity for the conversion of organic acids, sugars and ketones, being selected for the 2-step upgrading reaction. The highest activity correlates to the strength of the acid sites promoted by Cr2O3. Consecutive upgrading reduced the content of oxygen by 64.8% and the water content by 90%, whereas the higher heating value increased by 90.1%. While more than 96% of the organic acid content was converted, the discrepancy of aromatic compounds quantified by 1H-NMR and GC-MS/FID may indicate polymerization of aromatics taking place during the second upgrading step.

STUDY ON WET PROCESSING OF BLOCK CHILLY

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Dwi Dian Praptanto ◽  
Kurnia Herlina Dewi ◽  
Bosman Sidebang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Lower Water Content

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of drying time in weight and water content, combination effect of drying time and size of the material, and consumer acceptance to the product in the wet processing of chili blocks production. Method used in the research is completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials are material size and drying time. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further analysis using DMRT at 5% significance level. Organoleptic test result was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey test for further analysis. Application of the equal drying time to two different size of material: rough and finest block chili, showed the result that water content of the rough block chili is lower than the finest block chilli. Application of the different drying time duration to the same size of chili showed the lower water content with increasing duration of drying time. The water content of the material tends to decrease with increasing duration of drying time. The level of consumer’s preferences to the product of wet processing of chili blocks production is equal for scents, but it’s different for color, texture and overall preferences.

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8147
Author(s):  
Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽  
Rattikan Neamchan ◽  
Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽  
Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽  
Boonma Panpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Horizontal Drum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

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