scholarly journals THE VALUE OF LABORATORY TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
Nicolae Petre ◽  
Carmen Monica Pop ◽  
Daniela Homorodean
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Bacteriological Diagnosis ◽  
General Health Condition ◽  
Bacteriological Method

Background and aim. In the last decades, the inhabitants of the Romanian region known as Jiu Valley underwent changes in their social and economic status which determined changes in behaviour and health, which influenced their general health condition. One of the consequences was the exacerbation of tuberculosis. In order to control this situation, there was a need to increase the efficiency of diagnosis. This optimization can be reached by a better detection of mycobacterium infection, optimal isolation of strains and identification of the resistance of strains to antituberculous drugs.Methods. In order to identify the best diagnostic modality, we compared the efficacy of the classical bacteriological diagnosis, still performed in the field, to the modern methods of molecular biology. The study included two groups, one represented by 213 patients who were investigated using the classical bacteriological methods, and 49 who were diagnosed using the PCR method.Results. The tuberculosis patients who have been evaluated only with the classical bacteriological methods where diagnosed as TB positive and treated according to the national guidelines, which are in agreement with the international guidelines. The PCR diagnostic methods had a superior diagnostic value compared to the traditional bacteriological method.Conclusions. The results revealed the superiority of the modern molecular biology methods based on PCR. However the bacteriological method remains useful in areas where PCR cannot be afforded. 

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

scholarly journals Role of Laboratory Medicine in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Lessons Learned from a Pandemic

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Irena Duś-Ilnicka ◽  
Aleksander Szymczak ◽  
Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur ◽  
Miron Tokarski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Available Information

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, diagnostic methods in the field of molecular biology have been developing faster than ever under the vigilant eye of world’s research community. Unfortunately, the medical community was not prepared for testing such large volumes or ranges of biological materials, whether blood samples for antibody immunological testing, or salivary/swab samples for real-time PCR. For this reason, many medical diagnostic laboratories have made the switch to working in the field of molecular biology, and research undertaken to speed up the flow of samples through laboratory. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the current literature on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection available on pubmed.gov, Google Scholar, and according to the writers’ knowledge and experience of the laboratory medicine. It assesses the available information in the field of molecular biology by comparing real-time PCR, LAMP technique, RNA sequencing, and immunological diagnostics, and examines the newest techniques along with their limitations for use in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.

Endobronchial Ultrasound Multimodal Imaging for the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Lymph Nodes

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhi ◽  
Junxiang Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fangfang Xie ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Structure Heterogeneity

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) imaging is valuable in diagnosing intrathoracic lymph nodes (LNs), but there has been little analysis of multimodal imaging. This study aimed to comprehensively compare the diagnostic performance of single and multimodal combinations of EBUS imaging in differentiating benign and malignant intrathoracic LNs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Subjects from July 2018 to June 2019 were consecutively enrolled in the model group and July 2019 to August 2019 in the validation group. Sonographic features of three EBUS modes were analysed in the model group for the identification of malignant LNs from benign LNs. The validation group was used to verify the diagnostic efficiency of single and multimodal diagnostic methods built in the model group. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 373 LNs (215 malignant and 158 benign) from 335 subjects and 138 LNs (79 malignant and 59 benign) from 116 subjects were analysed in the model and validation groups, respectively. For single mode, elastography had the best diagnostic value, followed by grayscale and Doppler. The corresponding accuracies in the validation group were 83.3%, 76.8%, and 71.0%, respectively. Grayscale with elastography had the best diagnostic efficiency of multimodal methods. When at least two of the three features (absence of central hilar structure, heterogeneity, and qualitative elastography score 4–5) were positive, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the validation group were 88.6%, 78.0%, and 84.1%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In both model and validation groups, elastography performed the best in single EBUS modes, as well as grayscale combined with elastography in multimodal imaging. Elastography alone or combined with grayscale are feasible to help predict intrathoracic benign and malignant LNs.

scholarly journals Condition Monitoring of Blade in Turbomachinery: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 210717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdelrhman ◽  
Lim Meng Hee ◽  
M. S. Leong ◽  
Salah Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Analysis Methods

Blade faults and blade failures are ranked among the most frequent causes of failures in turbomachinery. This paper provides a review on the condition monitoring techniques and the most suitable signal analysis methods to detect and diagnose the health condition of blades in turbomachinery. In this paper, blade faults are categorised into five types in accordance with their nature and characteristics, namely, blade rubbing, blade fatigue failure, blade deformations (twisting, creeping, corrosion, and erosion), blade fouling, and loose blade. Reviews on characteristics and the specific diagnostic methods to detect each type of blade faults are also presented. This paper also aims to provide a reference in selecting the most suitable approaches to monitor the health condition of blades in turbomachinery.

scholarly journals Lobular panniculitis: A manifestation of pancreatic tumor with fatal outcome

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jovanovic ◽  
Zoran Golusin ◽  
Aleksandra Petrovic ◽  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
Silvija Brkic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis ◽  
General Health Condition ◽  
Lobular Panniculitis

Lobular panniculitis is a skin condition that may be the first sign of underlying pancreatic disease. Though rare, the condition has been sufficiently well defined and pathognomonic, thus making differentiation from idiopathic lobular panniculitis quite possible. A 77-year-old woman was in apparently good general health condition when developed skin lesions in a form of erythematous painful fluctuant nodules localized predominantly on the breast, but also present on the arms, thighs, and trunk. Her serum and urinary amylase levels were respectively 3 and 8 fold higher than normal. On histology, skin biopsy showed acute lobular panniculitis with large foci of adipocyte necrosis. Examination of the breast excluded any specific process other than nodular subcutaneous inflammation, but revealed a tumor of the pancreatic head. The nodules spontaneously ulcerated exuding an oily thick brownish material. Her condition deteriorated, and she became progressively debilitated. The patient died before operation, within the next 3 weeks. Subcutaneous fat necrosis was the first manifestation of an otherwise occult pancreatic disease with fatal outcome.

scholarly journals PATHOGENETIC JUSTIFICATION OF NEW APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF ORAL CAVITY IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Базарный ◽  
Vladimir Bazarnyy ◽  
Лариса Полушина ◽  
Larisa Polushina ◽  
Арина Максимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

Introduction. A variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, results in increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of pre-clinical manifestations. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibilities of modern technologies in diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Materials and methods. We studied original papers on the diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions from several databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Results. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnostics of different clinical manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. We described the diagnostic value of occlusal disorders analysis in universal articulators, virtual articulators, T-scan system. Capabilities of teleroentgenography, axiography, electromyography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging were estimated as well. Conclusions. The literature review on the problem of diagnosing the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions showed a scientifically based spectrum of diagnostic capabilities of modern dentistry, a trend in the development of highly informative digital diagnostic technologies. Due to the diversity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions further in-depth studies of this issue are required.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Imaging Combined With Tumor Markers in Early Detection of Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ju Wei ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Jun-Yan Wang ◽  
Jing-Xu Ma ◽  
Feng-Bin Chuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Lung Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: The objective of this research is to explore the diagnostic value of imaging plus tumor markers in the early detection of lung cancer.Methods: Sixty patients with lung cancer treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as group A. They were matched with 60 patients with benign lung disease as group B and 60 healthy subjects examined in our hospital as group C. The carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were assessed, and the diagnostic value of tumor markers plus imaging in lung cancer diagnosis was explored.Results: The CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE in group A were evidently superior to those in groups B and C, and those in group B were superior to those in group C (all P &lt; 0.001). CEA had the highest sensitivity (56.7%), and NSE had the highest specificity (93.3%). The tumor markers plus imaging had the highest sensitivity for different types of lung cancer, and the sensitivity to early lung cancer (90%) was superior to other diagnostic methods (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The tumor markers plus imaging is of great significance in early lung cancer diagnosis and provides a reference for judging the pathological classification.

scholarly journals Acute cardiac dyspnea in the emergency department: diagnostic value of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide and galectin-3

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stoica ◽  
Victoriţa Şorodoc ◽  
Cătălina Lionte ◽  
Irina M. Jaba ◽  
Irina Costache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Galectin 3

Objective This study was performed to determine whether a dual-biomarker approach using N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 optimizes the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute cardiac dyspnea. Atypical clinical manifestations and overlapping pathologies require objective and effective diagnostic methods to avoid treatment delays. Methods This prospective observational study included 208 patients who presented to the emergency department for acute dyspnea. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were measured upon admission. The patients were divided into two groups according to the etiology of their clinical manifestations: cardiac and non-cardiac dyspnea. The patients’ New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, and discharge status were assessed. Results Diagnostic criteria for acute heart failure were fulfilled in 61.1% of the patients. NT-proBNP and galectin-3 were strongly and significantly correlated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed similar areas under the curve for both markers in the entire group of patients as well as in the high-risk subsets of patients. Conclusions The diagnostic performance of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 is comparable for both the total population and high-risk subsets. Galectin-3 adds diagnostic value to the conventional NT-proBNP in patients with acute cardiac dyspnea, and its utility is of major interest in uncertain clinical situations.

What are the best diagnostic tests for diagnosing bacterial arthritis of a native joint?

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (12) ◽  
pp. 1745-1753
Author(s):  
Alex B. Walinga ◽  
Tobias Stornebrink ◽  
David W. G. Langerhuizen ◽  
Peter A. A. Struijs ◽  
Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Serum Crp

Aims This study aimed to answer two questions: what are the best diagnostic methods for diagnosing bacterial arthritis of a native joint?; and what are the most commonly used definitions for bacterial arthritis of a native joint? Methods We performed a search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries for relevant studies published between January 1980 and April 2020. Of 3,209 identified studies, we included 27 after full screening. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and Youden index of diagnostic tests were extracted from included studies. We grouped test characteristics per diagnostic modality. We extracted the definitions used to establish a definitive diagnosis of bacterial arthritis of a native joint per study. Results Overall, 28 unique diagnostic tests for diagnosing bacterial arthritis of a native joint were identified. The following five tests were deemed most useful: serum ESR (sensitivity: 34% to 100%, specificity: 23% to 93%), serum CRP (sensitivity: 58% to 100%, specificity: 0% to 96%), serum procalcitonin (sensitivity: 0% to 100%, specificity: 68% to 100%), the proportion of synovial polymorphonuclear cells (sensitivity: 42% to 100%, specificity: 54% to 94%), and the gram stain of synovial fluid (sensitivity: 27% to 81%, specificity: 99% to 100%). Conclusion Diagnostic methods with relatively high sensitivities, such as serum CRP, ESR, and synovial polymorphonuclear cells, are useful for screening. Diagnostic methods with a relatively high specificity, such as serum procalcitonin and synovial fluid gram stain, are useful for establishing a diagnosis of bacterial arthritis. This review helps to interpret the value of various diagnostic tests for diagnosing bacterial arthritis of a native joint in clinical practice. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1745–1753.

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